The period-one oscillation produced by an external optical pulse injection driven semiconductor laser is applied to clock recovery and frequency division. By adjusting the repetition rate or injection power of the ext...The period-one oscillation produced by an external optical pulse injection driven semiconductor laser is applied to clock recovery and frequency division. By adjusting the repetition rate or injection power of the external injection optical pulses to lock the different harmonic frequencies of the period-one state, the clock recovery and the frequency division (the second and third frequency divisions) are achieved experimentally. In addition, in frequency locking ranges of 2 GHz and 1.9 GHz, the second and third frequency divisions are obtained with the phase noise lower than 100 dBc/Hz, respectively. Our experimental results are consistent well with the numerical simulations.展开更多
This paper presents a fully integrated carrier clock recovery circuit for a mobile payment application. The architecture is based on a sampling-detection module and a charge pump phase locked loop. Compared with clock...This paper presents a fully integrated carrier clock recovery circuit for a mobile payment application. The architecture is based on a sampling-detection module and a charge pump phase locked loop. Compared with clock recovery in conventional 13.56 MHz transponders, this circuit can recover a high-precision consecutive carrier clock from the on/off keying (OOK) signal sent by interrogators. Fabricated by a SMIC 0.18-μm EEPROM CMOS process, this chip works from a single power supply as low as 1.5 V. Measurement results show that this circuit provides 0.34% frequency deviation and 8 mV sensitivity.展开更多
All optical clock recovery from non return-to-zero (NRZ) data using an semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) loop mirror and a mode-locked SOA fibcr lascr is firstly schematically explained and experimentally demo...All optical clock recovery from non return-to-zero (NRZ) data using an semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) loop mirror and a mode-locked SOA fibcr lascr is firstly schematically explained and experimentally demonstrated at 10 Gb/s. Furthermore, the pulse quality of tile recovered cluck is cffcctivcly improved by using a continuous-wave (CW) assist light in the gain region of SOA, through which the amplitude modulation is reduced from 57.2% to 8.47%. This scheme is a promising method for clock recovery from NRZ data in the future all-optical communication networks.展开更多
Tone modulation in a passive OTDM multiplexer for clock recovery from a 160-Gbit/s OTDM signal by using a base-rate receiver is demonstrated. We performed synchronous demultiplexing in back-to-back arrangement and opt...Tone modulation in a passive OTDM multiplexer for clock recovery from a 160-Gbit/s OTDM signal by using a base-rate receiver is demonstrated. We performed synchronous demultiplexing in back-to-back arrangement and optical sampling after 320-km transmission.展开更多
A non-return-to-zero (NRZ) to pseudo-return-to-zero (PRZ) converter consisting of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is proposed, by which the enhancement of clock f...A non-return-to-zero (NRZ) to pseudo-return-to-zero (PRZ) converter consisting of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is proposed, by which the enhancement of clock frequency component and clock-to-data suppression ratio of the XRZ data are evidently achieved. All- optical clock recovery from XRZ data at 10 Gb/s is successfully demonstrated with the proposed XRZ-to- PRZ converter and a mode-locked SOA fiber laser. Furthermore, XRZ-to-RZ format conversion of 10 Gb/s is realized bv using the recovered clock as the control light of terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD), which further proves that the proposed clock recovery scheme is applicable.展开更多
A 28/56 Gb/s NRZ/PAM-4 dual-mode transceiver(TRx)designed in a 28-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconduc-tor(CMOS)process is presented in this article.A voltage-mode(VM)driver featuring a 4-tap reconfigurable feed-fo...A 28/56 Gb/s NRZ/PAM-4 dual-mode transceiver(TRx)designed in a 28-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconduc-tor(CMOS)process is presented in this article.A voltage-mode(VM)driver featuring a 4-tap reconfigurable feed-forward equal-izer(FFE)is employed in the quarter-rate transmitter(TX).The half-rate receiver(RX)incorporates a continuous-time linear equal-izer(CTLE),a 3-stage high-speed slicer with multi-clock-phase sampling,and a clock and data recovery(CDR).The experimen-tal results show that the TRx operates at a maximum speed of 56 Gb/s with chip-on board(COB)assembly.The 28 Gb/s NRZ eye diagram shows a far-end vertical eye opening of 210 mV with an output amplitude of 351 mV single-ended and the 56 Gb/s PAM-4 eye diagram exhibits far-end eye opening of 33 mV(upper-eye),31 mV(mid-eye),and 28 mV(lower-eye)with an output amplitude of 353 mV single-ended.The recovered 14 GHz clock from the RX exhibits random jitter(RJ)of 469 fs and deterministic jitter(DJ)of 8.76 ps.The 875 Mb/s de-multiplexed data features 593 ps horizontal eye opening with 32.02 ps RJ,at bit-error rate(BER)of 10-5(0.53 UI).The power dissipation of TX and RX are 125 and 181.4 mW,respectively,from a 0.9-V sup-ply.展开更多
Based on the devised system-level design methodology, a 2.5-Gb/s monolithic bang-bang phase-locked clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit has been designed and fabricated in SMIC's 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The Pott...Based on the devised system-level design methodology, a 2.5-Gb/s monolithic bang-bang phase-locked clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit has been designed and fabricated in SMIC's 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The Pottbiicker phase frequency detector and a differential 4-stage inductorless ring VCO are adopted, where an additional current source is added to the VCO cell to improve the linearity of the VCO characteristic. The CDR has an active area of 340 × 440μm2, and consumes a power of only about 60 mW from a 1.8 V supply voltage, with an input sensitivity of less than 25 mV, and an output single-ended swing of more than 300 mV. It has a pull-in range of 800 MHz, and a phase noise of-111.54 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset. The CDR works reliably at any input data rate between 1.8 Gb/s and 2.6 Gb/s without any need for reference clock, off-chip tuning, or external components.展开更多
We introduce a gated oscillator based on XONR/XOR cells and illustrate its working process. A halfrate BM-CDR circuit based on the proposed oscillator is designed, and the design is implemented in SMIC 0.13 μm CMOS t...We introduce a gated oscillator based on XONR/XOR cells and illustrate its working process. A halfrate BM-CDR circuit based on the proposed oscillator is designed, and the design is implemented in SMIC 0.13 μm CMOS technology occupying an area of 675 ×25 μm2. The measured results show that this circuit can recover clock and data from each 10 Gbit/s burst-mode data packet within 5 bits, and the recovered data pass eye-mask test defined in IEEE standard 802.3av.展开更多
A semi-digital clock and data recovery (CDR) is presented. In order to lower CDR trace jitter and decrease loop latency, an average-based phase detection algorithm is adopted and realized with a novel circuit. Imple...A semi-digital clock and data recovery (CDR) is presented. In order to lower CDR trace jitter and decrease loop latency, an average-based phase detection algorithm is adopted and realized with a novel circuit. Implemented in a 0.13 μm standard 1PSM CMOS process, our CDR is integrated into a high speed serial and de-serial (SERDES) chip. Measurement results of the chip show that the CDR can trace the phase of the input data well and the RiMS jitter of the recovery clock in the observation pin is 122 ps at 75 MHz clock frequency, while the bit error rate of the recovery data is less than 10 × 10^-12.展开更多
This paper presents a 26-Gb/s CMOS optical receiver that is fabricated in 65-nm technology. It consists of a tripleinductive transimpedance amplifier(TIA), direct current(DC) offset cancellation circuits, 3-stage gm-T...This paper presents a 26-Gb/s CMOS optical receiver that is fabricated in 65-nm technology. It consists of a tripleinductive transimpedance amplifier(TIA), direct current(DC) offset cancellation circuits, 3-stage gm-TIA variable-gain amplifiers(VGA), and a reference-less clock and data recovery(CDR) circuit with built-in equalization technique. The TIA/VGA frontend measurement results demonstrate 72-dB? transimpedance gain, 20.4-GHz-3-dB bandwidth, and 12-dB DC gain tuning range. The measurements of the VGA’s resistive networks also demonstrate its efficient capability of overcoming the voltage and temperature variations. The CDR adopts a full-rate topology with 12-dB imbedded equalization tuning range. Optical measurements of this chipset achieve a 10-12 BER at 26 Gb/s for a 2;-1 PRBS input with a-7.3-dBm input sensitivity. The measurement results with a 10-dB @ 13 GHz attenuator also demonstrate the effectiveness of the gain tuning capability and the built-in equalization. The entire system consumes 140 mW from a 1/1.2-V supply.展开更多
This paper presents the implementation of a multi-rate SerDes transceiver for IEEE 1394b applications. Simple and effective pre-emphasis and equalizer circuits are used in the transmitter and receiver, respectively. A...This paper presents the implementation of a multi-rate SerDes transceiver for IEEE 1394b applications. Simple and effective pre-emphasis and equalizer circuits are used in the transmitter and receiver, respectively. A phase interpolator based clock and data recovery circuit with optimized linearity is also described. With an on-chip fully integrated phase locked loop, the transceiver works at data rates of 100 Mb/s, 400 Mb/s, and 800 Mb/s, supporting three different operating modes of S100b, S400b, and S800b for IEEE 1394b. The chip has been fabricated using 0.13 μm technology. The die area of transceiver is 2.9×1.6 mm2^ including bonding pads and the total power dissipation is 284 mW with 1.2 V core supply and 3.3 V input/output supply voltages.展开更多
A wide-range tracking technique for clock and data recovery(CDR) circuit is presented. Compared to the traditional technique, a digital CDR controller with calibration is adopted to extend the tracking range. Because ...A wide-range tracking technique for clock and data recovery(CDR) circuit is presented. Compared to the traditional technique, a digital CDR controller with calibration is adopted to extend the tracking range. Because of the use of digital circuits in the design, CDR is not sensitive to process and power supply variations. To verify the technique, the whole CDR circuit is implemented using 65-nm CMOS technology. Measurements show that the tracking range of CDR is greater than ±6×10-3 at 5 Gb/s. The receiver has good jitter tolerance performance and achieves a bit error rate of <10–12. The re-timed and re-multiplexed serial data has a root-mean-square jitter of 6.7 ps.展开更多
The need for wide-band clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits is discussed. A 2 Gbps to 12 Gbps continuous-rate CDR circuit employing a multi-mode voltage-control oscillator (VCO), a frequency detector, and a phas...The need for wide-band clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits is discussed. A 2 Gbps to 12 Gbps continuous-rate CDR circuit employing a multi-mode voltage-control oscillator (VCO), a frequency detector, and a phase detector (FD&PD) is described. A new automatic frequency band selection (FBS) without external reference clock is proposed to select the appropriate mode and also solve the instability problem when the circuit is powering on. The multi-mode VCO and FD/PD circuits which can operate at full-rate and half-rate modes facilitate CDR with six operation modes. The proposed CDR structure has been modeled with MATLAB and the simulated results validate its feasibility.展开更多
In this paper, a phase interpolator clock and data recovery (CDR) with low-voltage current mode logic (CML) latched, buffers, and muxes is presented. Because of using the CML circuits, the CDR can operate in a low...In this paper, a phase interpolator clock and data recovery (CDR) with low-voltage current mode logic (CML) latched, buffers, and muxes is presented. Because of using the CML circuits, the CDR can operate in a low supply voltage. And the original swing of the differential inputs and outputs is less than that of the CMOS logic. The power supply voltage is 1.2 V, and the static current consumption is about 20 mA. In this phase interpolator CDR, the charge pump and loop filter are replaced by a digital filter. And this structure offers the benefits of increased system stability and faster acquisition.展开更多
A multi-standard compatible clock and data recovery circuit (CDR) with a programmable equalizer and wide tracking range is presented. Considering the jitter performance, tracking range and chip area, the CDR employs...A multi-standard compatible clock and data recovery circuit (CDR) with a programmable equalizer and wide tracking range is presented. Considering the jitter performance, tracking range and chip area, the CDR employs a first-order digital loop filter, two 6-bit DACs and high linearity phase interpolators to achieve high phase resolution and low area. Meanwhile the tracking range is greater than 4-2200 ppm, making this proposed CDR suitable for the embedded clock serial links. A test chip was fabricated in the 55 nm CMOS process. The measurements show that the test chip can achieve BER 〈 10^-12 and meet the jitter tolerance specification. The test chip occupies 0.19 mma with a 0.0486 mm^2 CDR core, which only consumes 30 mW from a 1.2 V supply at 5 Gb/s.展开更多
An effective theoretical analysis method is presented to analyze different linear optical signal processing functions with optical fikers reported in literatures. For different applications, the optical filters are su...An effective theoretical analysis method is presented to analyze different linear optical signal processing functions with optical fikers reported in literatures. For different applications, the optical filters are supposed to operate on the analog or digital part of the signal separately, namely analog spectrum conversion and digital spectrum conversion. For instance, the return-to-zero (RZ) to non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format conversion for intensity or phase modulated signals are based on the analog spectrum conversion process, while the (N)RZ to (N)RZ phase-shift-keying (PSK) format conversion, logic NOT gate and clock recovery for RZ signals are based on the digital spectrum conversion process. Theoretical analyses with the help of numerical simulation are used to verify the reported experimental results, and all the experimental results can be effectively analyzed with this analytical model. The effect of the transmission spectrum of the filter on the performance of the converted signal is investigated. The most important factor is that the theoretical analysis provides an effective way to optimize the optical filter for different optical signal processing functions.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60577019)
文摘The period-one oscillation produced by an external optical pulse injection driven semiconductor laser is applied to clock recovery and frequency division. By adjusting the repetition rate or injection power of the external injection optical pulses to lock the different harmonic frequencies of the period-one state, the clock recovery and the frequency division (the second and third frequency divisions) are achieved experimentally. In addition, in frequency locking ranges of 2 GHz and 1.9 GHz, the second and third frequency divisions are obtained with the phase noise lower than 100 dBc/Hz, respectively. Our experimental results are consistent well with the numerical simulations.
基金Proiect supported by the Important National Science&Technology Specific Projects(No.2009ZX03001-012-03).
文摘This paper presents a fully integrated carrier clock recovery circuit for a mobile payment application. The architecture is based on a sampling-detection module and a charge pump phase locked loop. Compared with clock recovery in conventional 13.56 MHz transponders, this circuit can recover a high-precision consecutive carrier clock from the on/off keying (OOK) signal sent by interrogators. Fabricated by a SMIC 0.18-μm EEPROM CMOS process, this chip works from a single power supply as low as 1.5 V. Measurement results show that this circuit provides 0.34% frequency deviation and 8 mV sensitivity.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (No. 90401025)the Key Project of MOE (No. 105036).
文摘All optical clock recovery from non return-to-zero (NRZ) data using an semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) loop mirror and a mode-locked SOA fibcr lascr is firstly schematically explained and experimentally demonstrated at 10 Gb/s. Furthermore, the pulse quality of tile recovered cluck is cffcctivcly improved by using a continuous-wave (CW) assist light in the gain region of SOA, through which the amplitude modulation is reduced from 57.2% to 8.47%. This scheme is a promising method for clock recovery from NRZ data in the future all-optical communication networks.
文摘Tone modulation in a passive OTDM multiplexer for clock recovery from a 160-Gbit/s OTDM signal by using a base-rate receiver is demonstrated. We performed synchronous demultiplexing in back-to-back arrangement and optical sampling after 320-km transmission.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90401025)Key Project of MOE (No. 105036)
文摘A non-return-to-zero (NRZ) to pseudo-return-to-zero (PRZ) converter consisting of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is proposed, by which the enhancement of clock frequency component and clock-to-data suppression ratio of the XRZ data are evidently achieved. All- optical clock recovery from XRZ data at 10 Gb/s is successfully demonstrated with the proposed XRZ-to- PRZ converter and a mode-locked SOA fiber laser. Furthermore, XRZ-to-RZ format conversion of 10 Gb/s is realized bv using the recovered clock as the control light of terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD), which further proves that the proposed clock recovery scheme is applicable.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62174132the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities under Grant xzy022022060.
文摘A 28/56 Gb/s NRZ/PAM-4 dual-mode transceiver(TRx)designed in a 28-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconduc-tor(CMOS)process is presented in this article.A voltage-mode(VM)driver featuring a 4-tap reconfigurable feed-forward equal-izer(FFE)is employed in the quarter-rate transmitter(TX).The half-rate receiver(RX)incorporates a continuous-time linear equal-izer(CTLE),a 3-stage high-speed slicer with multi-clock-phase sampling,and a clock and data recovery(CDR).The experimen-tal results show that the TRx operates at a maximum speed of 56 Gb/s with chip-on board(COB)assembly.The 28 Gb/s NRZ eye diagram shows a far-end vertical eye opening of 210 mV with an output amplitude of 351 mV single-ended and the 56 Gb/s PAM-4 eye diagram exhibits far-end eye opening of 33 mV(upper-eye),31 mV(mid-eye),and 28 mV(lower-eye)with an output amplitude of 353 mV single-ended.The recovered 14 GHz clock from the RX exhibits random jitter(RJ)of 469 fs and deterministic jitter(DJ)of 8.76 ps.The 875 Mb/s de-multiplexed data features 593 ps horizontal eye opening with 32.02 ps RJ,at bit-error rate(BER)of 10-5(0.53 UI).The power dissipation of TX and RX are 125 and 181.4 mW,respectively,from a 0.9-V sup-ply.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2007AA01Z2a5)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60806027).
文摘Based on the devised system-level design methodology, a 2.5-Gb/s monolithic bang-bang phase-locked clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit has been designed and fabricated in SMIC's 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The Pottbiicker phase frequency detector and a differential 4-stage inductorless ring VCO are adopted, where an additional current source is added to the VCO cell to improve the linearity of the VCO characteristic. The CDR has an active area of 340 × 440μm2, and consumes a power of only about 60 mW from a 1.8 V supply voltage, with an input sensitivity of less than 25 mV, and an output single-ended swing of more than 300 mV. It has a pull-in range of 800 MHz, and a phase noise of-111.54 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset. The CDR works reliably at any input data rate between 1.8 Gb/s and 2.6 Gb/s without any need for reference clock, off-chip tuning, or external components.
基金supported by the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province,Industry Part,China(No.BE2008128)
文摘We introduce a gated oscillator based on XONR/XOR cells and illustrate its working process. A halfrate BM-CDR circuit based on the proposed oscillator is designed, and the design is implemented in SMIC 0.13 μm CMOS technology occupying an area of 675 ×25 μm2. The measured results show that this circuit can recover clock and data from each 10 Gbit/s burst-mode data packet within 5 bits, and the recovered data pass eye-mask test defined in IEEE standard 802.3av.
文摘A semi-digital clock and data recovery (CDR) is presented. In order to lower CDR trace jitter and decrease loop latency, an average-based phase detection algorithm is adopted and realized with a novel circuit. Implemented in a 0.13 μm standard 1PSM CMOS process, our CDR is integrated into a high speed serial and de-serial (SERDES) chip. Measurement results of the chip show that the CDR can trace the phase of the input data well and the RiMS jitter of the recovery clock in the observation pin is 122 ps at 75 MHz clock frequency, while the bit error rate of the recovery data is less than 10 × 10^-12.
基金supported in part by Research and Development Program in Key Areas of Guangdong Province under Grant 2019B010116002in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62074074in part by the Science and Technology Plan of Shenzhen under Grants JCYJ20190809142017428 and JCYJ20200109141225025。
文摘This paper presents a 26-Gb/s CMOS optical receiver that is fabricated in 65-nm technology. It consists of a tripleinductive transimpedance amplifier(TIA), direct current(DC) offset cancellation circuits, 3-stage gm-TIA variable-gain amplifiers(VGA), and a reference-less clock and data recovery(CDR) circuit with built-in equalization technique. The TIA/VGA frontend measurement results demonstrate 72-dB? transimpedance gain, 20.4-GHz-3-dB bandwidth, and 12-dB DC gain tuning range. The measurements of the VGA’s resistive networks also demonstrate its efficient capability of overcoming the voltage and temperature variations. The CDR adopts a full-rate topology with 12-dB imbedded equalization tuning range. Optical measurements of this chipset achieve a 10-12 BER at 26 Gb/s for a 2;-1 PRBS input with a-7.3-dBm input sensitivity. The measurement results with a 10-dB @ 13 GHz attenuator also demonstrate the effectiveness of the gain tuning capability and the built-in equalization. The entire system consumes 140 mW from a 1/1.2-V supply.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61006027the New Century Excellent Talents Program under Grant No. NCET-10-0297
文摘This paper presents the implementation of a multi-rate SerDes transceiver for IEEE 1394b applications. Simple and effective pre-emphasis and equalizer circuits are used in the transmitter and receiver, respectively. A phase interpolator based clock and data recovery circuit with optimized linearity is also described. With an on-chip fully integrated phase locked loop, the transceiver works at data rates of 100 Mb/s, 400 Mb/s, and 800 Mb/s, supporting three different operating modes of S100b, S400b, and S800b for IEEE 1394b. The chip has been fabricated using 0.13 μm technology. The die area of transceiver is 2.9×1.6 mm2^ including bonding pads and the total power dissipation is 284 mW with 1.2 V core supply and 3.3 V input/output supply voltages.
基金Project supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program(863)of China(No.2011AA010403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61474134)
文摘A wide-range tracking technique for clock and data recovery(CDR) circuit is presented. Compared to the traditional technique, a digital CDR controller with calibration is adopted to extend the tracking range. Because of the use of digital circuits in the design, CDR is not sensitive to process and power supply variations. To verify the technique, the whole CDR circuit is implemented using 65-nm CMOS technology. Measurements show that the tracking range of CDR is greater than ±6×10-3 at 5 Gb/s. The receiver has good jitter tolerance performance and achieves a bit error rate of <10–12. The re-timed and re-multiplexed serial data has a root-mean-square jitter of 6.7 ps.
基金supported by the Hubei Natural Science Foundation of China underGrant No. 2010CDB02706the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. C2009Q060
文摘The need for wide-band clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits is discussed. A 2 Gbps to 12 Gbps continuous-rate CDR circuit employing a multi-mode voltage-control oscillator (VCO), a frequency detector, and a phase detector (FD&PD) is described. A new automatic frequency band selection (FBS) without external reference clock is proposed to select the appropriate mode and also solve the instability problem when the circuit is powering on. The multi-mode VCO and FD/PD circuits which can operate at full-rate and half-rate modes facilitate CDR with six operation modes. The proposed CDR structure has been modeled with MATLAB and the simulated results validate its feasibility.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.2009JBM001
文摘In this paper, a phase interpolator clock and data recovery (CDR) with low-voltage current mode logic (CML) latched, buffers, and muxes is presented. Because of using the CML circuits, the CDR can operate in a low supply voltage. And the original swing of the differential inputs and outputs is less than that of the CMOS logic. The power supply voltage is 1.2 V, and the static current consumption is about 20 mA. In this phase interpolator CDR, the charge pump and loop filter are replaced by a digital filter. And this structure offers the benefits of increased system stability and faster acquisition.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2011AA010403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61474134)the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2014ZX02302002)
文摘A multi-standard compatible clock and data recovery circuit (CDR) with a programmable equalizer and wide tracking range is presented. Considering the jitter performance, tracking range and chip area, the CDR employs a first-order digital loop filter, two 6-bit DACs and high linearity phase interpolators to achieve high phase resolution and low area. Meanwhile the tracking range is greater than 4-2200 ppm, making this proposed CDR suitable for the embedded clock serial links. A test chip was fabricated in the 55 nm CMOS process. The measurements show that the test chip can achieve BER 〈 10^-12 and meet the jitter tolerance specification. The test chip occupies 0.19 mma with a 0.0486 mm^2 CDR core, which only consumes 30 mW from a 1.2 V supply at 5 Gb/s.
基金Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Prof. Jos6 Azafia from INRS in Canada for helpful suggestions in preparing the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2011CB301704), the Nature Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 61125501), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Major International Joint Research Project (Grant No. 61320106016) and Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2014CFA004).
文摘An effective theoretical analysis method is presented to analyze different linear optical signal processing functions with optical fikers reported in literatures. For different applications, the optical filters are supposed to operate on the analog or digital part of the signal separately, namely analog spectrum conversion and digital spectrum conversion. For instance, the return-to-zero (RZ) to non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format conversion for intensity or phase modulated signals are based on the analog spectrum conversion process, while the (N)RZ to (N)RZ phase-shift-keying (PSK) format conversion, logic NOT gate and clock recovery for RZ signals are based on the digital spectrum conversion process. Theoretical analyses with the help of numerical simulation are used to verify the reported experimental results, and all the experimental results can be effectively analyzed with this analytical model. The effect of the transmission spectrum of the filter on the performance of the converted signal is investigated. The most important factor is that the theoretical analysis provides an effective way to optimize the optical filter for different optical signal processing functions.