BCCLR:A Skeleton-Based Action Recognition with Graph Convolutional Network Combining Behavior Dependence and Context Clues

In recent years,skeleton-based action recognition has made great achievements in Computer Vision.A graph convolutional network(GCN)is effective for action recognition,modelling the human skeleton as a spatio-temporal graph.Most GCNs define the graph topology by physical relations of the human joints.However,this predefined graph ignores the spatial relationship between non-adjacent joint pairs in special actions and the behavior dependence between joint pairs,resulting in a low recognition rate for specific actions with implicit correlation between joint pairs.In addition,existing methods ignore the trend correlation between adjacent frames within an action and context clues,leading to erroneous action recognition with similar poses.Therefore,this study proposes a learnable GCN based on behavior dependence,which considers implicit joint correlation by constructing a dynamic learnable graph with extraction of specific behavior dependence of joint pairs.By using the weight relationship between the joint pairs,an adaptive model is constructed.It also designs a self-attention module to obtain their inter-frame topological relationship for exploring the context of actions.Combining the shared topology and the multi-head self-attention map,the module obtains the context-based clue topology to update the dynamic graph convolution,achieving accurate recognition of different actions with similar poses.Detailed experiments on public datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better results and realizes higher quality representation of actions under various evaluation protocols compared to state-of-the-art methods.

七选五之CLUES解题策略

七选五作为高考的新题型之一,不但要考查学生的语言知识能力,而且对学生的思维能力提出了较高的要求。要想高效地解决该问题,需要有效的解题策略。文章对部分全国卷英语高考试题中的七选五篇章进行了多维度地细致分析,提炼和概括了七选五的解题途径和方法,提出了CLUES解题策略,即从逻辑、表达和结构三个维度找出有用的解题线索,预测相关答案,帮助学生理清文本的内在逻辑,最终解决问题。CLUES解题策略还为教师的教学实践提供了启示,有助于针对性地培养学生的能力。

Geochronological,Geochemical and Paleomagnetic Clues for Existence of a~2.1Ga Dyke Generation in the Mashishing Area,South Africa

Dyke swarms are widespread throughout the Kaapvaal Craton(KC)in South Africa and have been documented in some detail.Up to date,only the^2.9 Ga SE-trending and the^2.7 to^2.66 Ga radiating dyke arrays are

The Fate of Chromium in Weathered Ultramafic Rocks and Their Derivitative Soils in Cuba: Clues from Spectroscopic Studies

In its cationic,trivalent form,Chromium(Cr)it is a micronutrient,and exhibits low environmental mobility.In hexavalent form,however,it is a human carcinogen and also highly mobile.Climate is a key environmental factor controlling weathering rates and stability of primary and secondary Cr-bearing minerals.Knowledge of Cr oxidation state and mineral residence is therefore essential to estimating the risk posed by Cr in serpentinites,chromite mine wastes,and soils developed on these parent materials.X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS)is currently the best available technique for determination of the relative abundance of Cr(III)and Cr(VI)in situ(that is,without digestion of solid phases).A brief review of relevant XAS studies of is presented below,focusing on studies in tropical climates1,as they will be most relevant to eastern Cuba’s extensively serpentinized ophiolite belt.Cr(III)-bearing spinels are usually the dominant and most refractory Cr host in ultramafic rocks.Previous XAS studies2 indicate that in tropical climates,Cr-spinels weather rapidly to form Cr(III)-bearing secondary Fe(III)(hydr)oxides(goethite,hematite).Manganese(Mn)is also enriched in ultramafic rocks2;as Mn(IV),it can also co-precipitate with Fe(III)(hydr)oxides,or form its own secondary(hydr)oxides.A previous study found up to 20%Cr(VI)in in a tropical,serpentine soil that contained substantial Mn,and a strong correlation between the*amounts of Cr(VI)and Mn(IV)in the soil profile2.Theresults of several XAS studies suggest that a close association of Mn(IV)and Cr(III)in secondary Fe(hydr)oxides is necessary for oxidation of Cr(III)to Cr(VI)via electron transfer reactions with Mn(IV);however,additional XAS studies have shown that organic matter3and Cr-bearing aluminosilicates4 may also be important sources of Cr(III)to the environment under specific conditions.The stability and fate of Cr has not been studied in detail for these two host phase types,to the best of our knowledge.Access to XAS facilities to perform Cr geochemical experiments is limited and will only become more so in the future.We are working to develop and apply(micro)Raman spectroscopy to evaluate Cr oxidation state and mineral residence(in crystalline and amorphous materials).In addition to standard Raman scattering,we are employing resonance Raman(785 nm laser)to enhance signal from Cr(VI)-bearing phases and laser-stimulated photoluminescence to identify Cr(III)associated with Al-rich alteration products

Context clues and contextual guessing

This study intends to explore the effects of context clues in contextual guessing among 60 first-year non-English majors by using two guessing tests as the research instrument. According to the quantitative analysis of the statistics processed by SPSS （14.0）, it is revealed that （1） context clues affect the outcome of contextual guessing significantly, and （2） English proficiency level plays a significant role in contextual guessing as well. On the basis of the major findings in this research, several pedagogical implications are drawn for college English teachers and students： （1） College English teachers should keep the students better informed of the significance and specific functions of context clues in contextual guessing; （2） College English teachers should encourage the students to guess word meanings from context instead of inhibiting it when there are adequate context clues offered.

Fresh Clues about the Origin of Mammalian Middle Ear Revealed

CAS paleontologists have identified a rod-like bone from two early Cretaceous mammals as ossified Meckel's cartilage (OMC). This clears some doubts on the controversial topic of the origin of definitive mannalian middle ear (DMME).……

Spatiotemporal characteristics of cultivated land use eco-efficiency and its influencing factors in China from 2000 to 2020

Improving cultivated land use eco-efficiency(CLUE)can effectively promote agricultural sustainability,particularly in developing countries where CLUE is generally low.This study used provincial-level data from China to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution of CLUE from 2000 to 2020 and identified the influencing factors of CLUE by using a panel Tobit model.In addition,given the undesirable outputs of agricultural production,we incorporated carbon emissions and nonpoint source pollution into the global benchmark-undesirable output-super efficiency-slacks-based measure(GB-US-SBM)model,which combines global benchmark technology,undesirable output,super efficiency,and slacks-based measure.The results indicated that there was an upward trend in CLUE in China from 2000 to 2020,with an increase rate of 2.62%.The temporal evolution of CLUE in China could be classified into three distinct stages:a period of fluctuating decrease(2000-2007),a phase of gradual increase(2008-2014),and a period of rapid growth(2015-2020).The major grain-producing areas(MPAs)had a lower CLUE than their counterparts,namely,non-major grain-production areas(non-MPAs).The spatial agglomeration effect followed a northeast-southwest strip distribution;and the movement path of barycentre revealed a"P"shape,with Luoyang City,Henan Province,as the centre.In terms of influencing factors of CLUE,investment in science and technology played the most vital role in improving CLUE,while irrigation index had the most negative effect.It should be noted that these two influencing factors had different impacts on MPAs and non-MPAs.Therefore,relevant departments should formulate policies to enhance the level of science and technology,improve irrigation condition,and promote sustainable utilization of cultivated land.

Searching for Clues

Despite China's economy maintaining its electrifying annual growth, over 10 percent since 2003, the country has somehow successfully kept its inflation rate at relatively low levels. This growth pattern, which contradicts traditional theories in economics, is challenging many world-renowned economists to speculate on this phenomenon. Fan Gang, Director of the National Economic Research Institute under the China Reform Foundation, and Justin Yifu Lin, Director of the China Center for Economic Research of Peking University, gave their explanations for China's economic miracle at this April's Bo'ao Forum for Asia.

SEARCHING FOR CLUES

Scientists are striving to overcome the difficulties in earthquake predictionAt 11:56 a.m. on July 4, those who were indoors in Beijing felt the earth shake like a boat in a mild storm. A few minutes later, they learned from radio. TV or the Internet that the epi- center of the magnitude 5.1 earthquake was in Wenan County, Hehei Province, 110

Rat DNA Offers Clues to Pacific Colonization

约3万年前,太平洋殖民者航行到了被称为近大洋洲的区域,而所谓的远大洋洲的殖民则是很久以后才开始的。远大洋洲的殖民化过程究竟是如何发生的,几个世纪以来一直是个热门话题。现在,被太平洋殖民者当作食物的太平洋老鼠为研究者提供了线索。

Birds Hold New Clues about Human Memory

这是一则科技珍闻。英国的科学家最近发现一种名叫scrub jays(【鸟】灌丛鸦)的鸟具有一直被认为是人类所独有的短暂记忆。对这种鸟的研究的价值 在于:…provides new tools to investigate how space, time and events areremembered in the human brain.这种研究可能为早老年痴呆病患者以及记忆缺失患者带来好消息。

New Clues on What Causes Migraines

在现代生活的重重压力下,不少人患上了偏头痛,但却没有人能确切指出这种病痛到底是什么引起的。本文介绍的三项最新研究对偏头痛症状的起因及其表现提供了新的线索,让偏头痛患者对自己的症状有了更清晰的认识,也更有利于医生对症下药。

On How to Guess Meanings of Unknown Words in Reading Materials the Importance of Context

While reading plays a very important role in English study, many English language learners find it very difficult to fully comprehend some reading materials on account of many unknown words in them. This essay mainly discusses one technique of guessing meanings of new words according to context clues, thus emphasizing the importance of context.

How to Make Inference in Reading

Students often have difficulties in reading comprehension because of too many new and unfamiliar words,too little background knowledge and different patterns of thinking among different countries.In this thesis,I recommend applying context clues,synonyms or antonyms,examples,definitions or explanations,cause/effect clues and background clues to make inference when we read texts.

经济快速发展地区县级尺度土地利用空间格局变化模拟

选择位于长江三角洲地区社会经济快速发展的浙江省海盐县为研究区,利用1986年土地利用空间数据和影响研究区土地利用变化的驱动因子,运用CLUE-S模型,分别对其1995和2000年的土地利用空间变化格局进行模拟,经检验,模拟结果与实际情况基本吻合。在此基础上,对研究区未来20a的土地利用空间格局变化进行了3次不同情景的模拟。结果表明,县城周围、各中心镇、重点镇建成区周围以及主要公路干线沿线是耕地非农化的高发区,基本农田保护区的划定对耕地的保护具有重要意义。

京津冀城市群景观格局变化机制与预测

"城市群"是我国新型城镇化的主体形态,对推进国民经济发展具有重大意义,但其聚集连片的快速扩张模式对资源环境的压力持续增加,已经成为制约未来可持续的瓶颈。以我国经济发展最为活跃,但生态环境问题十分突出的京津冀城市群为例,基于CLUE-S模型,模拟分析了1990—2010年京津冀城市群景观格局的变化特征及其驱动机制,并预测了未来景观格局的变化趋势。结果表明,(1)1990—2010年京津冀城市群景观格局变化显著。其中,人工表面持续增加,耕地明显下降,林地和草地格局的变化也存在明显的时序差异;(2)京津冀城市群景观格局的变化主要受自然和社会经济要素的综合影响,且不同景观类型之间的驱动机制存在明显差异。其中,林地更易在地势较高、坡度较大的西部地区分布,而河流、人工表面等更易在平坦低洼的区域分布;此外,不同景观类型变化的驱动机制存在显著的时序差异,例如,人工表面受地形的影响程度逐步降低,呈现更加离散的分布,且其分布特征由较早时期的向市中心集聚分布发展为逐渐远离市中心并向铁路、高速路周边集聚的趋势;(3)经检验,CLUE-S模型能够较好地动态模拟京津冀城市群的土地覆盖格局的变化特征,模型的Kappa指数达0.84。模拟预测结果显示,未来(2020年)景观格局演变的显著特征是人工表面将持续增加,耕地将继续显著减少。北京、天津、唐山和石家庄等核心城市的景观格局变化将最为显著。

太仆寺旗土地利用变化时空格局的动态模拟

本文以太仆寺旗为研究区 ,通过将土地利用驱动因子分解为稳定少动控制因子、年际变动影响因子与社会经济驱动因子 ,求解了太仆寺旗土地利用变化驱动因子作用系数矩阵 ,揭示了不同类型因子驱动土地利用变化的方向与强度。在此基础上 ,以CLUE S模型为框架 ,构建了太仆寺旗土地利用变化时空格局模拟模型 ,通过集成基于太仆寺旗土地利用系统动力学模型获取的土地利用变化及其社会经济驱动因子信息 ,动态模拟了太仆寺旗土地利用变化的时空模式 ,进行了参考模式、生态模式与经济模式下的情景分析。

基于生态服务价值的多目标水源地土地利用结构优化

为探讨首都水源地最佳水土资源优化配置模式，选取北京山区怀柔水库流域为研究对象，基于研究区5期（1990、1995、2000、2005和2008）卫星遥感影像数据，分析了怀柔水库流域1990-2008年间土地利用时空变化特征，并基于生态服务价值理论、灰参数线性规划理论和CLUE-S 模型对怀柔水库流域土地利用进行空间优化配置模式研究.结果表明：现有土地利用结构在优化配置后流域生态系统服务功能价值较2008年增加1795.4万元，增幅5.4%.其中，流域涵养水源功能价值量增加最多，为560.9万元，净化大气的价值增长幅度最大，增长率达到9.3%.研究结果可为该区域水土地资源的可持续利用、开发和管理提供科学依据.

基于GWR和改进CLUE-S模型的区域土地利用格局模拟研究——以浙江省桐庐县为例

本文以浙江省桐庐县为研究区,在CLUE-S模型空间分析模块的回归建模中,考虑驱动因子对土地利用格局影响的空间不稳定性,用GWR Logistic模型取代全局最小二乘法(OLS)Logistic回归模型来建立土地利用格局与其驱动因子之间的回归模型,实现了对CLUE-S模型的改进,并进行土地利用格局模拟的实证研究与模型比较。研究结果表明,运用GWR Logistic对CLUE-S模型进行改进,不但可以获得更高的模拟准确率,而且可以获得各驱动因子对土地利用格局影响的空间分异特征。同时,运用改进的模型定量地分析影响区域土地利用变化的内在机制,进行土地利用格局的动态模拟,预测土地利用未来变化的趋势,可以为桐庐县及其类似地区的土地利用规划决策提供科学依据。

四川盆地大都市边缘区土地利用时空格局模拟——以资阳市雁江区为例

以地处四川盆地成都1h经济圈内的资阳市雁江区为例，利用ETM影像和ALOS影像，通过决策树分类的方法，获取了区内2005年和2009年2期土地利用图。在此基础上，结合区内土地利用总体规划方案，选取与土地利用变化有关的社会经济因子和自然地理因子，运用CLUE．S模型对研究区2005～2020年的土地利用时空格局进行模拟，并对2009t地利用模拟数据进行验证，Kappa系数达到0．887，表明模拟成果精度较高。结果显示，CLUE．S模型模拟结果与土地利用总体规划的土地空间分布格局比较I勿合，能为成都平原地区县级城市的土地利用发展规划提供参考。