Correlation and Path Coefficient and Chi-square Distance Cluster Analysis for Several Characteristics in Tobacco Germplasm Resource

Correlation and path coefficient analyses were conducted for 10 characteristics of 24 pure lines of flue-cured tobacco such as plant height, knot distance, leaf number, the central leaf length and width, ratio of the length to width, stem girth, dates of budding, leaf yield and ratio of the prime-medium tobacco. The leaf number and the central leaf length showed a positive or a strong positive correlation with the yield per plant. And the leaf number and leaf yield per plant showed a strong positive correlation with the ratio of prime-medium tobacco. The results showed that the leaf yield per plant among these characteristics played a major role in determining the ratio of prime-medium tobacco while the others were less related with the ratio. Square sum of deviation method cluster analyses showed that 24 pure lines of flue-cured tobacco were clustered into two groups. Of the pure lines, Line T1706 and Line T1245 had a far relationship with all other lines, and also had a heterosis when crossed with the other lines. Lines Guangdonghuang 1 and R72（3）B-2-1 were closely related.

Correlation and Cluster Analysis on the Quality Characters of New Middle-ripe Japonica Rice Varieties in Jiangsu Province

[ Objective] This study aimed to analyze the quality characteristics of the new middle-ripejapon/ca rico varieties in Jiangsu Province. [ Method] Four- teen new rice varieties included in the Middle-ripe Japon/ca Rice Regional Test in 2011 were selected as the materials. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on their quality traits. [Result] The rice cultivars possessed stable characteristics, which were difficult to be further improved. In addition, their quality traits had extremely complicated relationships, and the differences were significant between different groups. [ Conclusion] This study will provide reference for improving the quality traits of japonica rice.

Evaluation of Comprehensive Performance of Agronomic Traits of Anmai 1241 by Grey Correlation Analysis and Cluster Analysis Methods

The agronomic traits of the new wheat variety Anmai 1241 were comprehensively evaluated,in order to provide comprehensive and objective theoretical basis for further improvement and production utilization of this variety.The winter water production test results of Anmai 1241 in 14 pilot sites of Henan Seed Management Station from 2016 to 2017 were summarized.The comprehensive performance of 11 agronomic traits of Anmai 1241 in different tests sites in Henan Province was evaluated by the grey correlation analysis and clustering analysis methods.The results showed that among the observed values of 11 traits,the variation coefficient,correlation degree and weight of black embryo rate were 181.64%,0.6679 and 0.1051,respectively.The clustering analysis showed that the 11 traits could be divided into 3 groups.The first type of traits(yield,number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight)and the third group of traits(percentage of earbearing tillers,number of productive tillers and volume weight)belonged to the yield factor traits,and the sum of their weights was 0.5242.Yield and its related factors played an important role in the variety evaluation of Anmai 1241,and the effect of black embryo on yield should be eliminated in variety improvement.

Correlation Analysis of Turbidity and Total Phosphorus in Water Quality Monitoring Data

At present,water pollution has become an important factor affecting and restricting national and regional economic development.Total phosphorus is one of the main sources of water pollution and eutrophication,so the prediction of total phosphorus in water quality has good research significance.This paper selects the total phosphorus and turbidity data for analysis by crawling the data of the water quality monitoring platform.By constructing the attribute object mapping relationship,the correlation between the two indicators was analyzed and used to predict the future data.Firstly,the monthly mean and daily mean concentrations of total phosphorus and turbidity outliers were calculated after cleaning,and the correlation between them was analyzed.Secondly,the correlation coefficients of different times and frequencies were used to predict the values for the next five days,and the data trend was predicted by python visualization.Finally,the real value was compared with the predicted value data,and the results showed that the correlation between total phosphorus and turbidity was useful in predicting the water quality.

A Spatial Cluster Analysis of Heavy Rains in China

Clustered heavy rains （CHRs） defined using hierarchical cluster analysis based on daily observations of precipitation in China during 1960-2008 are investi- gated in this paper. The geographical pattern of CHRs in China shows three high-frequency centers--South China, the Yangtze River basin, and part of North China around the Bohai Sea. CHRs occur most frequently in South China with a mean annual frequency of 6.8 （a total of 334 times during 1960-2008）. June has the highest monthly frequency （2.2 times/month with a total of 108 times dur- ing 1960-2008）, partly in association with the Meiyu phenomenon in the Yangtze River basin. Within the past 50 years, the frequency of CHRs in China has increased significantly from 13.5 to 17.3 times per year, which is approximately 28%. In the 1990s, the frequency of CHRs often reached 19.1 times per year. The geographical extent of CHR has expanded slightly by 0.5 stations, and its average daily rainfall intensity has increased by 3.7 mm d-1. The contribution of CHRs to total rainfall amount and the frequency of daily precipitation have increased by 63.1% and 22.7%, respectively, partly due to a significant decrease in light rains. In drying regions of North and Northeast China, the amounts of minimal CHRs have had no significant trend in recent years, probably due to warming in these arid regions enhancing atmospheric conveetivity at individual stations.

Correlation Study on Grain Size Characteristics and Geotechnical Properties of Surface Sediments in Qingdao Offshore Area

The comprehension of sediment grain size parameters and the corresponding sedimentary environment holds paramount importance in elucidating the engineering geological attributes of the subaqueous seabed.This study delineated the sedimentary environment zoning in the northern sea area of Qingdao through cluster analysis of grain size parameters derived from 123 surface sediment samples.The study analyzed the correlation between sediment geotechnical indices and grain size parameters across diverse sedimentary environments.A correlation equation was established for samples exhibiting a strong correlation.The study found four distinct sedimentary environments in the study area:coastal,transitional,shallow sea,and residual.Within the same sedimentary environment,the average grain size and sorting coefficient exhibit significant correlations with geotechnical indices such as water content,density,shear strength,plastic limit,liquid limit,and plastic index.However,notable disparities in the correlation between grain size parameters and geotechnical indices emerge across different sedimentary environments.

The cluster analysis of the water masses in western Taiwan Strait from hydrologic And chemical factors

On the basis of mixture theory of concentration of Helland-Hansen (Mao et al, 1964; Helland-Hansen, 1916), this paper takes salinity as a conservative factor in the process of dilution and mixture and selects by relating analysis the bydrological and chemical factors which are closely related to salinity. Then making use of the Q type multi-dimensions cluster analysis, we get the results that the water masses in the western Taiwan Strait include the follying: the coastal water along Fujian, Zhejiang and Guangdong Provinces, the diluted fresh water of Minjiang, Jiulong and Hanjiang Rivers; the mixing water in the Taiwan Strait; upwelling cold/warm water to the northwest of the Taiwan Shoal and the upwelling water to the east of Guangdong. The mixing weter in the Taiwan Strait during spring and summer is composed of a Kuroshio branch, the surface weter of the South China Sea, outal wier along Fujian, Zhejiang and Guangdong Provinces. While in autunm and winter, it is mixed up from Kuroshio branch, the shelf weter in the East China Sea, and the coastal water along Fujian, Zhejiang and Guangdong. There is an obvious seasonal change of growth and decline in these water masses.

Analysis of the Employment Situation of Non Private Enterprises in Various Regions of China

In the past 30 years, Chinese enterprises have been a hot topic of discussion and concern among the general public in terms of economic and social status, ownership structure, business mechanism, and management level. Solving the problem of employment for the people is an important prerequisite for their peaceful living and work, as well as a prerequisite and foundation for building a harmonious society. The employment situation of private enterprises has always been of great concern to the outside world, and these two major jobs have always occupied an important position in the employment field of China that cannot be ignored. With the establishment of the market economy system, individual and private enterprises have become important components of the socialist economy, making significant contributions to economic development and social progress. The rapid development of China’s economy, on the one hand, is the embodiment of the superiority of China’s socialist market economic system, and on the other hand, it is the role of the tertiary industry and private enterprises in promoting the national economy. Since the 1990s, China’s private enterprises have become a new economic growth point for local and even national countries, and are one of the important ways to arrange employment and achieve social stability. This paper studies the employment of private enterprises and individuals from the perspective of statistics, extracts relevant data from China statistical Yearbook, uses the relevant knowledge of statistics to process the data, obtains the conclusion and puts forward relevant constructive suggestions.

Factor-Cluster Analysis and Effect of Particle Size on Total Recoverable Metal Concentration in Sediments of the Lower Tennessee River Basin

Total recoverable concentration of five elements of concern: Aluminum, Iron, Manganese, Arsenic and Lead (Al, Fe, Mn, As, Pb) were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and mass spectrometry. The results show that sediment texture plays a controlling role in the concentrations and their spatial distribution. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis were used to analyze the grain sizes of the sediments. Result of texture analysis classified the samples into three main components in percentages: sand, silt, and clay. Significant differences among the element concentrations in the three groups were observed, and the concentrations of the elements in each group are reported in this study. Most of the elements have their highest concentrations in the fine-grained samples with clay playing an important role, in comparison with the sand component of the soil/sediment samples. There appears to be a strong correlation between samples with high silt, and clay content with the areas of elevated concentrations for Al, Fe, and Mn. There was a strong correlation between aluminum and lead with clay;lead with silt;and sand with manganese, aluminum, and lead. However, there was no strong relationship between the soil textures and iron or arsenic. All elements measured were statistically significant (at P ≤ 0.05) by watershed. The upland areas, and depositional areas’ spatial variation of element concentrations in the sediments were also observed, which was in line with the spatial distribution of the grain size and was thought to be related to the watersheds hydrological dynamics.

Study on growing correlation length prior to the earthquakes occurred in Gansu Province and its nearby area

The growing correlation length prior to the moderate-great earthquakes occurred in Gansu Province and its nearby area since 1986 has been studied using the method of single-link cluster analysis (SLC). According to different conditions in the source area, the circular spatial window centered in the epicenter and the parallelgrammic spatial window along the fault belt have been selected. The results show that the phenomena of growing correlation length have been observed before the earthquakes studied in the paper.

Study on oil–source correlation by analyzing organic geochemistry characteristics: a case study of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the south of Ordos Basin, China

In the south of the Ordos Basin, the oil source of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation is confused all the time, which affects further exploration. In this study, oil sources from the oil layers of Ch6, Ch8 and Ch9 are all analyzed and confirmed. Through their carbon isotope value and biomarkers, characteristics of crude oils from the Yanchang Formation are analyzed. Then, the oil–source relation is discussed, with the source rocks' features.Finally, the oil–source relation is calculated through cluster analysis. It is believed that the oils from the Yanchang Formation deposit in a similar redox environment, with weak oxidation–weak reduction, and have all entered maturity stage. Ch9 crude oil is more mature than crude oils from Ch6 and Ch8, and has more advanced plants and fewer algae. Gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis show that crude oils from Ch6 and Ch8 may come from Ch7, and Ch9 crude oil may not. Cluster analysis displays that crude oils from Ch6 and Ch8 have closer squared Euclidean distance with Ch7 source rocks than Ch9 crude oil does,indicating crude oils from Ch6 and Ch8 stem from Ch7 source rocks. And Ch9 crude oil has rather close squared Euclidean distance with Ch9 source rocks, illustrating Ch9 crude oil may be from Ch9 source rocks. This research may provide the theoretical basis for the next exploration deploy in the south of Ordos Basin.

Identification of distant co-evolving residues in antigen 85C from Mycobacterium tuberculosis using statistical coupling analysis of the esterase family proteins

A fundamental goal in cellular signaling is to understand allosteric communication, the process by which sig-nals originating at one site in a protein propagate reliably to affect distant functional sites. The general principles of protein structure that underlie this process remain unknown. Statistical coupling analysis （SCA） is a statistical technique that uses evolutionary data of a protein family to measure correlation between distant functional sites and suggests allosteric communication. In proteins, very distant and small interactions between collections of amino acids provide the communication which can be important for signaling process. In this paper, we present the SCA of protein alignment of the esterase family （pfam ID： PF00756） containing the sequence of antigen 85C secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to identify a subset of interacting residues. Clustering analysis of the pairwise correlation highlighted seven important residue positions in the esterase family alignments. These resi-dues were then mapped on the crystal structure of antigen 85C （PDB ID： 1DQZ）. The mapping revealed corre-lation between 3 distant residues （Asp38, Leu123 and Met125） and suggests allosteric communication between them. This information can be used for a new drug against this fatal disease.

Growing correlation length of moderate-sized earthquakes prior to two great earthquakes near Sumatra Island

Seismic correlation length for moderate earthquakes prior to two great earthquakes in the northern sea area of Sumatra Island （Mw9.1 in 2004 and MsS. 6 in 2012） has been studied, using method of Single- Link-Cluster （ SLC ） analysis, and found to show a power-law growth about two years before their occurrences. No such growth was found for a magnitude 7 earthquake in the same area. This result suggests the occurrence of a physical process of critical-point characteristics in the source area before the great earthquakes.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cherry Tomato Core Collection Based on Genotypic Values

Taking 65 cherry tomato core germplasms as experimental materials,the genetic diversity of seven agronomic traits were analyzed.The correlation between any two of the seven agronomic traits and the genetic relationships of these germplasms were analyzed based on genotypic values.The genetic diversity indices of the seven agronomic traits were 4.15,4.13,4.16,4.13,4.13,4.13 and 4.01,respectively,showing that the cherry tomato core collection had abundant genetic diversity.The correlation analysis between traits based on genotype effect values showed that leaf length was significantly correlated with leaf width with the correlation coefficient of 0.56.The fruit width was significantly correlated with fruit length with the correlation coefficient of 0.52.The flesh thickness was significantly correlated with fruit length and fruit width with the correlation coefficients of 0.49 and 0.39,respectively.The single fruit weight was significantly correlated with fruit length,fruit width and flesh thickness with the correlation coefficients of 0.44,0.61 and 0.62,respectively.When the genetic distances between core germplasms of cherry tomato were calculated based on the phenotypic values,65 core germplasms of cherry tomato were divided into three groups with the rescaled distance of 10.When the genetic distances between core germplasms of cherry tomato were calculated based on the genotypic values,the 65 core germplasms of cherry tomato were divided into four groups with the rescaled distance of 10.Comparing the 2 clustering results,it could find that genotypic value-based clustering analysis could better clarify the genetic relationship between core germplasms.This study could provide a theoretical basis for the effective utilization of cherry tomato core germplasms.

The Establishment of Mathematical Models for the Composition Analysis and Identification of Ancient Glass Products

Glass is the precious material evidence of the trade of the early Silk Road. The ancient glass was easily affected by the environmental impact and weathering, and the change of composition ratios affected the correct judgment of its category. In this paper, mathematical models and methods such as Chi-square test, weighted average method, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, binary classification model and grey correlation analysis were used comprehensively to analyze the data of sample glass products combined with their categories. The results showed that the weathered high-potassium glass could be divided into 12, 9, 10 and 27, 7, 22 and so on.

RMT-Based Urban Traffic Cross-Correlation Analysis and Its Application on Traffic Incident Impact Analyses

Cross-correlating traffic flow data at different intersections in an urban transportation network is important for understanding the collective behavior of constituents in a complex system and for predicting the risk of network-wide congestion. In this work, a Random Matrix Theory （RMT） based method is used to describe the collective behavior from massive traffic data sets. Nonrandom correlations between traffic flow series recorded in the Beijing road network occur both with and without detrending. The effect of the traffic load on the correlation patterns of network-wide traffic flows is analyzed using the RMT analysis of a simulated data set collected from Paramics. The RMT analysis is also used to evaluate the impact of incidents on the network-wide traffic status. Cluster analysis is used to find the largest cluster in the network which indicates the critical congestion caused by the incident. All the results show that RMT analyses are an effective method for investigating systematic interactions in urban transportation systems.

欧洲温室型黄瓜种质资源主要农艺性状遗传多样性分析

为了研究欧洲温室型黄瓜农艺性状遗传多样性、亲缘关系,明确种质资源的特征特性,为欧洲温室型黄瓜新品种选育提供参考,对搜集并纯化的41份欧洲温室型黄瓜自交系进行了第一雌花节位、叶长、叶宽等18个农艺性状鉴定,并进行遗传多样性、相关性和聚类分析。18个农艺性状间变异系数在13.36%~76.48%之间,变异系数最大的性状为第一雌花节位,达到76.48%;变异系数最小的性状为植株生长势,为13.36%、平均变异系数为27.78%。单瓜质量和单株产量均与第一雌花节位呈显著正相关;果皮颜色与果皮硬度呈显著正相关,与心腔比呈极显著负相关。在遗传相似系数(GS)为1.86时,分为三大类,第一类含有23份黄瓜种质资源,占供试材料的56%;第二类含有4份黄瓜种质资源;第三类含有14份黄瓜种质资源。41份欧洲温室型黄瓜材料遗传差异较大,有丰富的遗传多样性,具有较大的育种目标选择潜力,为欧洲温室型黄瓜新品种选育提供了优良资源。

半干旱地区燕麦种子产量及其相关农艺性状

本研究选取19个燕麦(Avena sativa)品种(系)的产量相关性状指标,采用相关性分析、通径分析、灰色关联度分析以及聚类分析,探讨甘肃中部半干旱地区燕麦种子产量影响因素并筛选综合性状优良的燕麦种质。结果表明:燕麦种子产量为3 283.33~5 833.33 kg·hm^(-2),其中‘Cinskinaly’的产量最高。种子产量与千粒重、成穗数极显著正相关(P <0.01),与单株穗粒重显著正相关(P <0.05),而与株高显著负相关(P <0.05);通径分析结果表明,单株穗粒数、单株穗粒重、千粒重是决定种子产量的重要因素。聚类分析将19份燕麦材料析划分为4个类群:第Ⅰ类可作饲草资源加以筛选利用;第Ⅱ类适合作高产抗倒伏产籽型品种;第Ⅲ类为优选裸燕麦材料;而第Ⅳ类生产适应性和田间表现差,可直接淘汰。筛选出综合表现较佳的两个裸燕麦品系‘201006-01-01-9’‘201003-06-5’和1个皮燕麦品系‘201113-03-05’,可提升到甘肃省区域试验。

基于主成分和聚类分析的加工辣椒品质特性及相关性分析

为探究不同加工辣椒品质的差异,以16个加工辣椒品种为试验材料,对其外观品质、色泽品质、质构特性、营养品质等指标进行测定,并进行相关性、主成分和聚类分析。结果表明,不同加工辣椒品种在外观品质、色泽品质、质构特性、营养品质方面均存在显著差异。果长、果肩宽和果肉厚度等外观品质指标主要决定果实质量,其与色泽、营养品质有较大相关性,其中籽肉质量比是衡量辣椒加工特性的一个重要指标;色差分析发现L*值、a*值、b*值、E*ab值、辣椒红素及色价均存在显著差异,色价为4.12~18.78,其变化与L*值、b*值呈负相关,与a*值和辣椒红素含量呈正相关;质构特性与水分、可溶性糖存在较大关联,黏附性、胶着性、咀嚼性、硬度变异系数相对较高;VC含量与外观品质指标密切相关,为0.28~3.38 g/100 g;果肉辣椒碱含量为33.46~62.42μg/g,11个品种的果肉辣椒碱含量显著高于籽辣椒碱含量。研究结果说明水分含量、色价、辣椒碱、咀嚼性为辣椒加工特性的主要评价指标。

秋子梨果实矿质元素含量差异分析

以黑龙江省36份秋子梨果实为试材,采用ICP-MS法对果皮和果肉中12种矿质元素含量进行测定并比较分析。结果表明:秋子梨果实中各矿质元素的平均含量依次为K>P>Ca>Mg>Na>Al>Fe>Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Cd,不同种质中果皮和果肉各元素的含量差异明显,野生资源的果实矿质元素含量高于选育品种、农家品种和优良品系。相关性分析结果表明,果皮和果肉中的P、K、Fe、Cu和Zn这5种元素之间存在极显著正相关。聚类分析结果表明,根据果皮或果肉的矿质元素含量,36份秋子梨种质可分为2个略有不同的类别。主成分分析表明,S23、S20、S16和S10是果实矿质元素总含量较高的品种,可优先作为功能性品种选育种质材料,为秋子梨果实矿质元素的遗传改良提供更为深入和有价值的依据。