Comparative Analysis of Differences among Northern,Jiangnan,and Lingnan Classical Private Gardens Using Principal Component Cluster Method

This paper investigates the design essence of Chinese classical private gardens,integrating their design elements and fundamental principles.It systematically analyzes the unique characteristics and differences among classical private gardens in the Northern,Jiangnan,and Lingnan regions.The study examines nine classical private gardens from Northern China,Jiangnan,and Lingnan by utilizing the advanced tool of principal component cluster analysis.Based on literature analysis and field research,273 variables were selected for principal component analysis,from which four components with higher contribution rates were chosen for further study.Subsequently,we employed clustering analysis techniques to compare the differences among the three types of gardens.The results reveal that the first principal component effectively highlights the differences between Jiangnan and Lingnan private gardens.The second principal component serves as the key to defining the types of Northern private gardens and distinguishing them from the other two types,and the third principal component indicates that Lingnan private gardens can be categorized into two distinct types as well.

Statistical Analysis of Abilities to Give Consent to Health Data Processing

The recent pandemic crisis has highlighted the importance of the availability and management of health data to respond quickly and effectively to health emergencies, while respecting the fundamental rights of every individual. In this context, it is essential to find a balance between the protection of privacy and the safeguarding of public health, using tools that guarantee transparency and consent to the processing of data by the population. This work, starting from a pilot investigation conducted in the Polyclinic of Bari as part of the Horizon Europe Seeds project entitled “Multidisciplinary analysis of technological tracing models of contagion: the protection of rights in the management of health data”, has the objective of promoting greater patient awareness regarding the processing of their health data and the protection of privacy. The methodology used the PHICAT (Personal Health Information Competence Assessment Tool) as a tool and, through the administration of a questionnaire, the aim was to evaluate the patients’ ability to express their consent to the release and processing of health data. The results that emerged were analyzed in relation to the 4 domains in which the process is divided which allows evaluating the patients’ ability to express a conscious choice and, also, in relation to the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients themselves. This study can contribute to understanding patients’ ability to give their consent and improve information regarding the management of health data by increasing confidence in granting the use of their data for research and clinical management.

Composition Analysis and Identification of Ancient Glass Products Based on L1 Regularization Logistic Regression

In view of the composition analysis and identification of ancient glass products, L1 regularization, K-Means cluster analysis, elbow rule and other methods were comprehensively used to build logical regression, cluster analysis, hyper-parameter test and other models, and SPSS, Python and other tools were used to obtain the classification rules of glass products under different fluxes, sub classification under different chemical compositions, hyper-parameter K value test and rationality analysis. Research can provide theoretical support for the protection and restoration of ancient glass relics.

ARHCS (Automatic Rainfall Half-Life Cluster System): A Landslides Early Warning System (LEWS) Using Cluster Analysis and Automatic Threshold Definition

A significant portion of Landslide Early Warning Systems (LEWS) relies on the definition of operational thresholds and the monitoring of cumulative rainfall for alert issuance. These thresholds can be obtained in various ways, but most often they are based on previous landslide data. This approach introduces several limitations. For instance, there is a requirement for the location to have been previously monitored in some way to have this type of information recorded. Another significant limitation is the need for information regarding the location and timing of incidents. Despite the current ease of obtaining location information (GPS, drone images, etc.), the timing of the event remains challenging to ascertain for a considerable portion of landslide data. Concerning rainfall monitoring, there are multiple ways to consider it, for instance, examining accumulations over various intervals (1 h, 6 h, 24 h, 72 h), as well as in the calculation of effective rainfall, which represents the precipitation that actually infiltrates the soil. However, in the vast majority of cases, both the thresholds and the rain monitoring approach are defined manually and subjectively, relying on the operators’ experience. This makes the process labor-intensive and time-consuming, hindering the establishment of a truly standardized and rapidly scalable methodology on a large scale. In this work, we propose a Landslides Early Warning System (LEWS) based on the concept of rainfall half-life and the determination of thresholds using Cluster Analysis and data inversion. The system is designed to be applied in extensive monitoring networks, such as the one utilized by Cemaden, Brazil’s National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters.

A CSMA/CA based MAC protocol for hybrid Power-line/Visible-light communication networks:Design and analysis

Hybrid Power-line/Visible-light Communication(HPVC)network has been one of the most promising Cooperative Communication(CC)technologies for constructing Smart Home due to its superior communication reliability and hardware efficiency.Current research on HPVC networks focuses on the performance analysis and optimization of the Physical(PHY)layer,where the Power Line Communication(PLC)component only serves as the backbone to provide power to light Emitting Diode(LED)devices.So designing a Media Access Control(MAC)protocol remains a great challenge because it allows both PLC and Visible Light Communication(VLC)components to operate data transmission,i.e.,to achieve a true HPVC network CC.To solve this problem,we propose a new HPC network MAC protocol(HPVC MAC)based on Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance(CSMA/CA)by combining IEEE 802.15.7 and IEEE 1901 standards.Firstly,we add an Additional Assistance(AA)layer to provide the channel selection strategies for sensor stations,so that they can complete data transmission on the selected channel via the specified CSMA/CA mechanism,respectively.Based on this,we give a detailed working principle of the HPVC MAC,followed by the construction of a joint analytical model for mathematicalmathematical validation of the HPVC MAC.In the modeling process,the impacts of PHY layer settings(including channel fading types and additive noise feature),CSMA/CA mechanisms of 802.15.7 and 1901,and practical configurations(such as traffic rate,transit buffer size)are comprehensively taken into consideration.Moreover,we prove the proposed analytical model has the solvability.Finally,through extensive simulations,we characterize the HPVC MAC performance under different system parameters and verify the correctness of the corresponding analytical model with an average error rate of 4.62%between the simulation and analytical results.

Integrated classification method of tight sandstone reservoir based on principal component analysise simulated annealing genetic algorithmefuzzy cluster means

In this research,an integrated classification method based on principal component analysis-simulated annealing genetic algorithm-fuzzy cluster means(PCA-SAGA-FCM)was proposed for the unsupervised classification of tight sandstone reservoirs which lack the prior information and core experiments.A variety of evaluation parameters were selected,including lithology characteristic parameters,poro-permeability quality characteristic parameters,engineering quality characteristic parameters,and pore structure characteristic parameters.The PCA was used to reduce the dimension of the evaluation pa-rameters,and the low-dimensional data was used as input.The unsupervised reservoir classification of tight sandstone reservoir was carried out by the SAGA-FCM,the characteristics of reservoir at different categories were analyzed and compared with the lithological profiles.The analysis results of numerical simulation and actual logging data show that:1)compared with FCM algorithm,SAGA-FCM has stronger stability and higher accuracy;2)the proposed method can cluster the reservoir flexibly and effectively according to the degree of membership;3)the results of reservoir integrated classification match well with the lithologic profle,which demonstrates the reliability of the classification method.

Application of cluster analysis and stepwise regression in predicting the traffic volume of lanes

Because of the difficulty to obtain the traffic flow information of lanes at non-detector intersections in most metropolises of the world,based on the relationships between the lanes of signal-controlled intersections,cluster analysis and stepwise regression are integrated to predict the traffic volume of lanes at non-detector isolated controlled intersections.First cluster analysis is used to cluster the lanes of non-detector isolated signal-controlled intersections and the lanes of all signal-controlled intersections with detectors.Then, by the results of cluster analysis,the traffic volume samples are selected randomly and stepwise regression is used to predict the traffic volume of lanes at non-detector isolated signal-controlled intersections.The method is tested by the traffic volume data of lanes of the road network of Nanjing city.The problem of predicting the traffic volume of lanes at non-detector isolated signal-controlled intersections was resolved and can be widely used in urban traffic flow guidance and urban traffic control in cities without enough intersections equipped with detectors.

Cluster Analysis of Morphologic Characteristic of Eight Geographical Populations of Rana Dybowskii

[ObJective] The research aimed to determine the geographic distribution map of system of Rana dybowskii. [Method] Four morphologic indices （body length, body weight, forelimb length, hindlimb length） of eight geographical populations of R.dybowskii which naturally distribute in Changhai Mountain and Xiaoxing＇an Mountain were measured. Measure results were variance analyzed and cluster analyzed. [Result] Variance analysis showed： the genetic branching among the Dongfanghong male population（ belongs to Wandashan） and Xiaoxing＇an Mountain male population and Changbai Mountain male population were significantly different （P〈0.05） ; the genetic branching between the Hebei female population （belongs to Xiaoxing＇an Mountain） and Changbai Mountain female population was significantly different （P〈0.05 ）. Cluster analysis showed ： male R.dybowskii can be divided into three groups ： the first group included Quanyang, Tianbei, Chaoyang and Ddkouqin, the second group included Tieli and Anshan, the third group included Dongfanghong; and the female R. dybowskii can be divided into three groups ： the first group included Quanyang and Chaoyang, the second group included Tianbei and Dakouqin, the third group included Hebei. [Condusion] The paper deduced that the Sanjiang Plain was the geographical origin center ofR. dybowskii which radiated to Changbai Mountain and Xiaoxing＇an Mountain along the adverse current of Songhua River basin, therefore, the current distribution pattern of R. dybowskii was formed.

A Shared Natural Neighbors Based-Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm for Discovering Arbitrary-Shaped Clusters

In clustering algorithms,the selection of neighbors significantly affects the quality of the final clustering results.While various neighbor relationships exist,such as K-nearest neighbors,natural neighbors,and shared neighbors,most neighbor relationships can only handle single structural relationships,and the identification accuracy is low for datasets with multiple structures.In life,people’s first instinct for complex things is to divide them into multiple parts to complete.Partitioning the dataset into more sub-graphs is a good idea approach to identifying complex structures.Taking inspiration from this,we propose a novel neighbor method:Shared Natural Neighbors(SNaN).To demonstrate the superiority of this neighbor method,we propose a shared natural neighbors-based hierarchical clustering algorithm for discovering arbitrary-shaped clusters(HC-SNaN).Our algorithm excels in identifying both spherical clusters and manifold clusters.Tested on synthetic datasets and real-world datasets,HC-SNaN demonstrates significant advantages over existing clustering algorithms,particularly when dealing with datasets containing arbitrary shapes.

Clustering Analysis on Large Grained Brassica napus Materials Based on the Optimized ACGM Markers

[Objective] This study aimed to develop ACGM markers for the clustering analysis of large grained Brassica napus materials. [Method] A total of 44 pairs of ACGM primers were designed according to 18 genes related to Arabidopsis grain development and their homologous rape EST sequences. After electrophoresis, 18 pairs of ACGM primers were selected for the clustering analysis of 16 larger grained samples and four fine grained samples of rapeseed. [Result] PCR result showed that 2-6 specific bands were respectively amplified by each pair of primes, and all the bands were polymorphic and repeatable, suggesting that the optimized ACGM markers were useful for clustering analysis of B. napus species. Clustering analysis revealed that the 20 rapeseed samples were divided into three clusters A, B, and C at similarity coefficient 0.6. Then, the clusters A and B were further divided into five sub clusters A1, A2, A3, B1 and B2 at similarity coefficient 0.67. [Conclusion] This study will provide theoretical and practical values for rape breeding.

Study Progress Analysis of Effluent Quality Prediction in Activated Sludge Process Based on CiteSpace

In this paper, CiteSpace, a bibliometrics software, was adopted to collect research papers published on the Web of Science, which are relevant to biological model and effluent quality prediction in activated sludge process in the wastewater treatment. By the way of trend map, keyword knowledge map, and co-cited knowledge map, specific visualization analysis and identification of the authors, institutions and regions were concluded. Furthermore, the topics and hotspots of water quality prediction in activated sludge process through the literature-co-citation-based cluster analysis and literature citation burst analysis were also determined, which not only reflected the historical evolution progress to a certain extent, but also provided the direction and insight of the knowledge structure of water quality prediction and activated sludge process for future research.

Evolution and spatiotemporal analysis of earthquake public opinion based on social media data

As critical conduits for the dissemination of online public opinion,social media platforms offer a timely and effective means for managing emergencies during major disasters,such as earthquakes.This study focuses on the analysis of online public opinions following the Maduo M7.4 earthquake in Qinghai Province and the Yangbi M6.4 earthquake in Yunnan Province.By collecting,cleaning,and organizing post-earthquake Sina Weibo(short for Weibo)data,we employed the Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA)model to extract information pertinent to public opinion on these earthquakes.This analysis included a comparison of the nature and temporal evolution of online public opinions related to both events.An emotion analysis,utilizing an emotion dictionary,categorized the emotional content of post-earthquake Weibo posts,facilitating a comparative study of the characteristics and temporal trends of online public emotions following the earthquakes.The findings were visualized using Geographic Information System(GIS)techniques.The analysis revealed certain commonalities in online public opinion following both earthquakes.Notably,the peak of online engagement occurred within the first 24 hours post-earthquake,with a rapid decline observed between 24 to 48 hours thereafter.The variation in popularity of online public opinion was linked to aftershock occurrences.Adjusted for population factors,online engagement in areas surrounding the earthquake sites and in Sichuan Province was significantly high.Initially dominated by feelings of“fear”and“surprise”,the public sentiment shifted towards a more positive outlook with the onset of rescue operations.However,distinctions in the online public response to each earthquake were also noted.Following the Yangbi earthquake,Yunnan Province reported the highest number of Weibo posts nationwide;in contrast,Qinghai Province ranked third post-Maduo earthquake,attributable to its smaller population size and extensive damage to communication infrastructure.This research offers a methodological approach for the analysis of online public opinion related to earthquakes,providing insights for the enhancement of post-disaster emergency management and public mental health support.

Structural Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emission Spatial Association Network:A Case Study of Yangtze River Delta City Cluster,China

City cluster is an effective platform for encouraging regionally coordinated development.Coordinated reduction of carbon emissions within city cluster via the spatial association network between cities can help coordinate the regional carbon emission management,realize sustainable development,and assist China in achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.This paper applies the improved gravity model and social network analysis(SNA)to the study of spatial correlation of carbon emissions in city clusters and analyzes the structural characteristics of the spatial correlation network of carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)city cluster in China and its influencing factors.The results demonstrate that:1)the spatial association of carbon emissions in the YRD city cluster exhibits a typical and complex multi-threaded network structure.The network association number and density show an upward trend,indicating closer spatial association between cities,but their values remain generally low.Meanwhile,the network hierarchy and network efficiency show a downward trend but remain high.2)The spatial association network of carbon emissions in the YRD city cluster shows an obvious‘core-edge’distribution pattern.The network is centered around Shanghai,Suzhou and Wuxi,all of which play the role of‘bridges’,while cities such as Zhoushan,Ma'anshan,Tongling and other cities characterized by the remote location,single transportation mode or lower economic level are positioned at the edge of the network.3)Geographic proximity,varying levels of economic development,different industrial structures,degrees of urbanization,levels of technological innovation,energy intensities and environmental regulation are important influencing factors on the spatial association of within the YRD city cluster.Finally,policy implications are provided from four aspects:government macro-control and market mechanism guidance,structural characteristics of the‘core-edge’network,reconfiguration and optimization of the spatial layout of the YRD city cluster,and the application of advanced technologies.

Analysis of the Employment Situation of Non Private Enterprises in Various Regions of China

In the past 30 years, Chinese enterprises have been a hot topic of discussion and concern among the general public in terms of economic and social status, ownership structure, business mechanism, and management level. Solving the problem of employment for the people is an important prerequisite for their peaceful living and work, as well as a prerequisite and foundation for building a harmonious society. The employment situation of private enterprises has always been of great concern to the outside world, and these two major jobs have always occupied an important position in the employment field of China that cannot be ignored. With the establishment of the market economy system, individual and private enterprises have become important components of the socialist economy, making significant contributions to economic development and social progress. The rapid development of China’s economy, on the one hand, is the embodiment of the superiority of China’s socialist market economic system, and on the other hand, it is the role of the tertiary industry and private enterprises in promoting the national economy. Since the 1990s, China’s private enterprises have become a new economic growth point for local and even national countries, and are one of the important ways to arrange employment and achieve social stability. This paper studies the employment of private enterprises and individuals from the perspective of statistics, extracts relevant data from China statistical Yearbook, uses the relevant knowledge of statistics to process the data, obtains the conclusion and puts forward relevant constructive suggestions.

Slope deformation partitioning and monitoring points optimization based on cluster analysis

The scientific and fair positioning of monitoring locations for surface displacement on slopes is a prerequisite for early warning and forecasting.However,there is no specific provision on how to effectively determine the number and location of monitoring points according to the actual deformation characteristics of the slope.There are still some defects in the layout of monitoring points.To this end,based on displacement data series and spatial location information of surface displacement monitoring points,by combining displacement series correlation and spatial distance influence factors,a spatial deformation correlation calculation model of slope based on clustering analysis was proposed to calculate the correlation between different monitoring points,based on which the deformation area of the slope was divided.The redundant monitoring points in each partition were eliminated based on the partition's outcome,and the overall optimal arrangement of slope monitoring points was then achieved.This method scientifically addresses the issues of slope deformation zoning and data gathering overlap.It not only eliminates human subjectivity from slope deformation zoning but also increases the efficiency and accuracy of slope monitoring.In order to verify the effectiveness of the method,a sand-mudstone interbedded CounterTilt excavation slope in the Chongqing city of China was used as the research object.Twenty-four monitoring points deployed on this slope were monitored for surface displacement for 13 months.The spatial location of the monitoring points was discussed.The results show that the proposed method of slope deformation zoning and the optimized placement of monitoring points are feasible.

Fuzzy cluster analysis of water mass in the western Taiwan Strait in spring 2019

The classification of the springtime water mass has an important influence on the hydrography,regional climate change and fishery in the Taiwan Strait.Based on 58 stations of CTD profiling data collected in the western and southwestern Taiwan Strait during the spring cruise of 2019,we analyze the spatial distributions of temperature(T)and salinity(S)in the investigation area.Then by using the fuzzy cluster method combined with the T-S similarity number,we classify the investigation area into 5 water masses:the Minzhe Coastal Water(MZCW),the Taiwan Strait Mixed Water(TSMW),the South China Sea Surface Water(SCSSW),the South China Sea Subsurface Water(SCSUW)and the Kuroshio Branch Water(KBW).The MZCW appears in the near surface layer along the western coast of Taiwan Strait,showing low-salinity(<32.0)tongues near the Minjiang River Estuary and the Xiamen Bay mouth.The TSMW covers most upper layer of the investigation area.The SCSSW is mainly distributed in the upper layer of the southwestern Taiwan Strait,beneath which is the SCSUW.The KBW is a high temperature(core value of 26.36℃)and high salinity(core value of 34.62)water mass located southeast of the Taiwan Bank and partially in the central Taiwan Strait.

The Establishment of Mathematical Models for the Composition Analysis and Identification of Ancient Glass Products

Glass is the precious material evidence of the trade of the early Silk Road. The ancient glass was easily affected by the environmental impact and weathering, and the change of composition ratios affected the correct judgment of its category. In this paper, mathematical models and methods such as Chi-square test, weighted average method, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, binary classification model and grey correlation analysis were used comprehensively to analyze the data of sample glass products combined with their categories. The results showed that the weathered high-potassium glass could be divided into 12, 9, 10 and 27, 7, 22 and so on.

CPSO: Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization for Cluster Analysis

Background:To solve the cluster analysis better,we propose a new method based on the chaotic particle swarm optimization(CPSO)algorithm.Methods:In order to enhance the performance in clustering,we propose a novel method based on CPSO.We first evaluate the clustering performance of this model using the variance ratio criterion(VRC)as the evaluation metric.The effectiveness of the CPSO algorithm is compared with that of the traditional particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm.The CPSO aims to improve the VRC value while avoiding local optimal solutions.The simulated dataset is set at three levels of overlapping:non-overlapping,partial overlapping,and severe overlapping.Finally,we compare CPSO with two other methods.Results:By observing the comparative results,our proposed CPSO method performs outstandingly.In the conditions of non-overlapping,partial overlapping,and severe overlapping,our method has the best VRC values of 1683.2,620.5,and 275.6,respectively.The mean VRC values in these three cases are 1683.2,617.8,and 222.6.Conclusion:The CPSO performed better than other methods for cluster analysis problems.CPSO is effective for cluster analysis.

Establishment of HPLC Fingerprint, Cluster Analysis and Principle Component Analysis of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride

[Objectives] This study aimed to establish HPLC fingerprint and conduct cluster analysis and principle component analysis for Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride. [Methods] Using the HPLC method, the determination was performed on XSelect~&#x00AE; HSS T3-C_(18) column with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5% acetic acid solution(gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 360 nm. The column temperature was 25℃. The sample size was 10 μL. With peak of hesperidin as the reference, HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride were determined. The similarity of the 10 batches of samples was evaluated by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM(2012 edition) to determine the common peaks. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed by using SPSS 17.0 statistical software. [Results] The HPLC fingerprints of the 10 batches of medicinal materials had total 11 common peaks, and the similarity was 0.919-1.000, indicating that the chemical composition of the 10 batches of medicinal materials was consistent. There were 11 common components in the 10 batches of medicinal materials, but their contents were different. When the Euclidean distance was 20, the 10 batches of samples were divided into two categories, S4 in the first category, and the others in the second one. When the Euclidean distance was 5, the second category could be further divided into two sub-categories, S1 and S10 in one sub-category, and S2, S3, S5, S6, S7, S8 and S9 in the other one. The principle component analysis showed that cumulative contribution rate of the two main component factors was 92.797%, and the comprehensive score of S7 was the highest with the best quality. [Conclusions] The results of HPLC fingerprinting, cluster analysis and principle component analysis can provide reference for the quality control of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride.

Bohai crude oil identification by gas chromatogram fingerprinting quantitative analysis coupled with cluster analysis

By gas chromatogram, six crude oils fingerprinting distributed in four oilfields and four oil platforms were analyzed and the corre- sponding normal paraffin hydrocarbon （ including pristane and phytane） concentration was obtained by the internal standard methed. The normal paraffin hydrocarbon distribution patterns of six crude oils were built and compared. The cluster analysis on the normal paraffin hydrocarbon concentration was conducted for classification and some ratios of oils were used for oils comparison. The results indicated： there was a clear difference within different crude oils in different oil fields and a small difference between the crude oils in the same oil platform. The normal paraffin hydrocarbon distribution pattern and ratios, as well as the cluster analysis on the nomad paraffin hydrocarbon concentration can have a better differentiation result for the crude oils with small difference than the original gas chromatogram.