STUDY ON CONTROL STRATEGY OF CLUTCH STARTING FOR CAR WITH A METAL PUSHING BELT-PLANETARY GEAR CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

The automatic control of clutch starting in car with a metal pushingbelt-planetary gear continuously variable transmission (CVT) is a complex problem. A suited controlstrategy is required to realize quick and smooth start. A simulation state space equation isestablished on clutch staring control of a car with CVT by bond graph theory. According to the fuzzycontrol method with the expert system, a fuzzy control system of car starting process to weaken thejerk motion is introduced. The simulation results indicate that the jerk motion of clutch startingis below 10 m/s^3.

OPTIMAL CONTROL APPLIED IN AUTOMATIC CLUTCH ENGAGEMENTS OF VEHICLES

Start-up working condition is the key to the research of optimal engagementof automatic clutch for AMT. In order to guarantee an ideal dynamic performance of the clutchengagement, an optimal controller is designed by considering throttle angle, engine speed, gearratio, vehicle acceleration and road condition. The minimum value principle is also introduced toachieve an optimal dynamic performance of the nonlinear system compromised in friction plate wearand vehicle drive quality. The optimal trajectory of the clutch engagement can be described in theform of explicit and analytical expressions and characterized by the deterministic and accuratecontrol strategy in stead of indeterministic and soft control techniques which need thousands ofexperiments. For validation of the controller, test work is carried out for the automated clutchengagements in a commercial car with an traditional mechanical transmission, a hydraulic actuator, agroup of sensors and a portable computer system. It is shown through experiments that dynamicbehaviors of the clutch engagement operated by the optimal control are more effective and efficientthan those by fuzzy control.

Dynamic Simulation and Valve Structure Optimization of an Electro-Hydraulic Clutch Shift Control System in an Automatic Transmission

The electro-hydraulic clutch control system controls the transferred torque of gear-shifting clutches in clutch-to-clutch transmissions. A nonlinear dynamic model of an electro-hydraulic clutch shift control system is presented. The mechanical and fluid subsystems of all valves are investigated, including their interactions. Model validation of the electro-hydraulic valve system is performed by comparing the simulated and measured pressure curves. The dynamic characteristics of the electro-hydraulic clutch shift control system with different supply pressures and different fluid temperatures are simulated and evaluated. It is found that pipes which are often ignored between the electro-hydraulic valve system and the clutch piston,have strong influence on clutch piston chamber pressures. In order to satisfy the required time and reduce the fluctuation of the clutch piston chamber pressures,the orifices' diameters and valve structure are optimized.

Sliding Mode Control Approach for Electrically Controllable Clutch of AMT Based on the Feedback Linearization

A sliding mode control approach based on the feedback linearization is proposed for the electrically controllable clutch of AMT vehicles. The nonlinear dynamic model for the hydraulic actuator associated with clutch is established. By means of the exact feedback linearization procedure of differential geometry, an equivalent, fully controllable and linear model is derived via a homomorphic transformation for the AMT clutch system.Furthermore, a sliding mode control is introduced to improve robustness. The tracking tests are performed using the sliding mode control on a Santana LX passenger car, and the experimental results prove that this nonlinear controller is of fine robustness and high degree of tracking accuracy.

Adaptive Clutch Engaging Process Control for Automatic Mechanical Transmission

Based on detail analysis of clutch engaging process control targets and adaptive demands, a control strategy which is based on speed signal, different from that of based on main clutch displacement signal, is put forward. It considers both jerk and slipping work which are the most commonly used quality evaluating indexes of vehicle starting phase. The adaptive control system and its reference model are discussed profoundly. Taking the adaptability to different starting gears and different road conditions as examples, some proving field test records are shown to illustrate the main clutch adaptive control strategy at starting phase. Proving field test gives acceptable results.

OPTIMAL TORQUE CONTROL STRATEGY FOR PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH AUTOMATIC MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION

In parallel hybrid electrical vehicle （PHEV） equipped with automatic mechanical transmission （AMT）, the driving smoothness and the clutch abrasion are the primary considerations for powertrain control during gearshift and clutch operation. To improve these performance indexes of PHEV, a coordinated control system is proposed through the analyzing of HEV powertrain dynamic characteristics. Using the method of minimum principle, the input torque of transmission is optimized to improve the driving smoothness of vehicle. Using the methods of fuzzy logic and fuzzy-PID, the engaging speed of clutch and the throttle opening of engine are manipulated to ensure the smoothness of clutch engagement and reduce the abrasion of clutch friction plates. The motor provides the difference between the required input torque of transmission and the torque transmitted through clutch plates. Results of simulation and experiments show that the proposed control strategy performs better than the contrastive control system, the smoothness of driving and the abrasion of clutch can be improved simultaneously.

Strategy to control crawling vehicles with automated mechanical transmission

In order to move vehicles with automated mechanical transmission （AMT） a little bit of distance, such as reversing into or moving in a garage, a control strategy for crawling vehicles was proposed. Based on the dynamic analysis of vehicle starting process and requirements of crawl driv- ing for the vehicle, a control strategy of the clutch was designed. The strategy increased the.slipping friction torque first and then decreased it, in order to realize the crawl driving. The speed increased by the engagement of the clutch, and then the clutch turned to disengage to the half disengage point, when the speed met the requirements. Based on the control strategy, a control software was de- signed. In the end, the software was tested on a vehicle with AMT. The lowest steady vehicle speed was reduced to 40% of the original value, which was set in the control strategy.

Dynamic Engaging Characteristics of Wet Clutch in Automatic Transmission

Wet clutch is an important shifting component in automatic transmission,and its properties will affect the gear shift performance. By comparing the calculated and test results,the static friction torque model was proved to be capable of describing the real pressure and torque only in the situation of high-energy engagement.Therefore,a dynamic torque model was proposed on basis of hydrodynamic properties between friction surfaces, in which the clutch engagement was divided into three phases for hydrodynamic lubrication, mixed lubrication, and mechanical contact. The proposed dynamic torque model was validated by comparing the calculated and test results. The effects of temperature,pressure,and pressure changing rate of automatic transmission fluid( ATF) on the clutch torque were analyzed. Based on these results,the clutchto-clutch torque control during shifting in automatic transmission was optimized,and as a result,the shifting comfort was significantly improved since the problems such as the fluctuation and sudden drop of the engine rotating speed during shifting were eliminated.

Simulation study on starting of dual clutch transmission for tracked vehicles

In order to study the application of dual clutch transmission （DCT） on tracked vehicles, a simulation moclel and two control methods were performed for starting analysis. Based on a certain transmission of an existing tracked vehicle, a DCT structure was proposed. Matlab/Simulink was a dopted as a platform to develop the simulation model. The engine speed was controlled to follow the target speed as a launch strategy. Two control methods, a proportional integral derivative （ PID ） control method and a fuzzy control method, were proposed to control the engine throttle and oil pressure in order to track the target engine speed. Simulation results show that either the PID control or fuzzy control method can improve the starting performance compared with no loop control meth od. Fuzzy control method can lead a better starting quality compared with PID control method.

汽车自动变速器换挡控制自动校准算法研究

为改善自动变速器的换挡特性,提出了一种基于模型的自动变速器离合器液压自动校准方法,实现离合器换挡参数的自动调整。该校准方法包括自动变速器仿真模型、车辆仿真分析算法和基于优化过程的自动校准算法,并在优化过程中进行迭代仿真和分析。以通电换挡为研究对象,仿真结果表明无论是通电升挡,还是通电降挡,该方法均能够有效地执行离合器液压曲线的基本映射,通过所提出的校准方法能够缩短实际车辆试验前的校准时间,提高自动变速器开发过程的效率。

Design of Multi-domain Collaborative Simulation System for Dual Clutch Transmission Based on CAN Bus

A multi-domain collaborative simulation(MDCS) system for dual clutch transmission(DCT) was presented based on controller area network(CAN) bus.An interface card of CAN bus was designed,in which MDCS subsystems were linked as the nodes according to the interface mode of MDCS.A DCT simulation model was established based on Matlab/Simdriveline,whose running process was accurately controlled by the designed control system.The playback system of vehicle state(VPS) was proposed whose input was the road-test data,with a real vehicle test environment for the development of transmission control unit(TCU) being provided.A DCT kinematic system model was set up,and the running status of DCT parts could be displayed in real time.The functions of MDCS were verified based on the extra-urban driving cycle(EUDC) and the vehicle road-test data respectively.The results show the functions of MDCS are accomplished,and the unified supporting platform for the development of TCU is achieved by MDCS.

双离合器变速箱换挡集成学习控制器设计及分析

为了提高车辆运行的稳定性,设计了一种双离合器DCT变速箱换挡集成学习控制器。基于预测模型建立MPC控制器,以补偿转矩保障转速精准追踪。研究结果表明,在0.11 s时DCT开始出现升挡转矩相,车速整体维持稳定变化的态势,车辆冲击度的最大值是4.8 m/s^(3),有利于大大提高换挡的稳定性。相比其他控制方法,基于经验知识MPC换挡方案获得更优的平顺性控制效果,滑摩功也发生降低,可以更快完成动力响应。该研究有助于提高汽车自动控制,为后续的换挡控制奠定理论基础。

混合动力船舶电机辅助主机合排控制方法及实船应用

为了解决某型7 500 t级散货船在主机合排过程中存在浓烈黑烟问题,通过实船数据分析问题原因并提出电机辅助主机合排的控制方法,调整实船主机合排控制策略与优化控制程序,经过实船试验验证表明,采用电机辅助的主机合排控制过程相较于无电机辅助的主机合排控制过程,其螺旋桨轴系扭矩突增量减小33%,主机油耗突增量减小35%,尾轴转速突增量减小41%,且螺旋桨轴系扭矩与尾轴转速上升速率更平缓,有效解决主机冒黑烟问题,达到降低主机碳排放的目的。在船舶营运过程中,混合动力系统设备运行情况良好。

计入时变扰动的电动汽车离合器滑移控制研究

针对电动汽车离合器系统中存在的时变扰动,提出了新型逆自动机械变速器超越离合器,并设计了基于高阶扰动观测器的离合器最优控制方案。该控制器通过哈密顿方法引入新的乘子函数λ,并以系统状态、扰动和扰动导数的反馈形式给出了最优控制律,然后将该控制器应用于配备逆自动机械变速器的电动汽车换挡时的离合器滑移过程。最后通过仿真表明,该控制器在不同的工作场景和不同的干扰条件下都能保证系统的一致性,保证了离合器滑移过程的平稳性,提高了电动汽车的整体换挡质量。

考虑离合器摩擦性能衰减的湿式DCT车辆起步控制研究

建立了考虑离合器摩擦系数变化及离合器性能衰减的湿式双离合变速器(dual clutch transmission,DCT)车辆起步过程动力学模型,以车辆起步过程冲击度、滑摩功和起步滑摩时间为优化目标,采用线性二次型最优控制方法获得了车辆起步过程离合器最优传递转矩。针对离合器摩擦系数变化及离合器性能衰减对车辆起步过程离合器压力控制的影响,提出了一种离合器压力非线性鲁棒控制策略,以实现对离合器最优传递转矩的跟踪。结果表明,所提出的非线性鲁棒控制策略能够在离合器摩擦系数变化的情况下实现对离合器最优传递转矩的有效跟踪,跟踪误差不大于0.02 N·m,且能够适应摩擦性能衰减导致不同寿命阶段摩擦系数的不同变化规律,与比例-积分-微分(proportion-integral-differential,PID)控制策略相比具有更精确的控制效果和更强的鲁棒性。

基于状态反馈线性化的电液伺服系统模型预测控制

针对如何提高阀控离合器的位置控制精度、克服非线性等问题,该文提出了一种基于状态反馈线性化的电液伺服系统模型预测控制方案。首先建立了伺服系统状态空间模型,将非线性系统映射为新坐标空间内的线性系统模型;接着设计了一种基于马尔可夫链预测模型的反馈线性化模型预测控制器(feedback linearization model predictive controller,FLMPC),通过设计损失函数求解最优输入序列,最终作用于反馈线性化系统。仿真结果证明,在相同输入情况下,反馈线性化系统与原系统的位置误差满足控制需要,可以有效减少超调量。且在保证被控对象快速稳定控制的条件下,相比非线性模型预测控制,该算法单步计算时间更短。

基于LADRC的纯电动汽车双离合变速器换挡控制

针对纯电动汽车两挡双离合自动变速器(two-speed dual-clutch transmission,2DCT)换挡控制模型及参数的不确定性和存在的未知干扰,提出了一种线性自抗扰(linear active disturbance rejection controller,LADRC)换挡控制策略。首先建立2DCT换挡过程动力学模型,并分析了换挡过程;然后考虑控制模型的不确定性及未知干扰,将LADRC控制器应用到换挡过程对期望角速度进行跟踪,并采用扩张状态观测器(extended state observer,ESO)对扰动进行实时估计,并加以补偿,最后与PID控制进行对比。仿真和实验结果表明,该控制器跟踪误差更小,鲁棒性强,能保证良好的换挡品质。

基于模型预测控制的AMT自动离合器控制研究

离合器控制是影响自动变速器换挡平顺性的重要因素,传统的控制方法难以对自动离合器这种大滞后、非线性系统进行精确的控制。综合考虑将换挡平顺性和发动机稳定运转等因素作为系统约束,以换挡时间最短、滑磨功和冲击度最小作为设计目标,设计了基于模型预测控制(MPC)算法的自动离合器结合控制器。通过仿真和实车试验验证,与模糊逻辑控制算法相比,模型预测控制算法能有效地降低换挡过程中的冲击度和滑磨功,提升了换挡品质。

两挡混动变速器低成本液压系统开发

传统变速器和混动变速器的液压系统一般采用先导比例电磁阀和滑阀组合的形式控制主压,主压经过比例减压阀调压之后成为离合器控制压力,此类液压系统较为复杂,成本较高。为降低混动变速器的成本,开发基于节流孔调节离合器控制压力的液压系统,通过AMESim仿真软件进行仿真计算,节流孔孔径设计值为0.70 mm,为保证产品的一致性,减少制造误差的影响,节流孔孔径的公差值为±0.015 mm。经过制作样件,搭载混动变速器进行试验,结果验证有效,满足设计需求。

P2混联式混合动力汽车的液压控制系统设计

针对混联式混合动力汽车能量利用效率低,动力传递损耗大的问题,对混联式混合动力汽车的液压控制系统进行了研究;进行了离合器动力学、安全阀状态及液压控制系统中的流体力学分析;采用工况分析与参数化设计理念,对P2混联式混合动力汽车的液压控制系统进行了设计研究,该设计的独特之处在于改变了汽车不同工作模式的切换方式;经过实验测试,液压控制系统压力设置为3 MPa,润滑阀通径为14 mm,平衡弹簧刚度为4.5 N/mm,节流孔直径为1.2 mm时,完全开启后安全阀压力可稳定在16 bar,且该控制系统利用离合器即可完成工作模式的切换,有效提高了汽车的能量利用效率,并降低了动力传递过程中的损耗;研究设计的液压控制系统实现了新能源汽车驾驶体验的提升及汽车的节能减排。