Efficient removal of Al(Ⅲ)and P507 from high concentration MgCl_(2)solution based on in-situ reaction strategy

For a highly efficient recycling of a wastewater containing a high concentration of MgCl_(2),Al(Ⅲ)and P507 were scheduled to be removed in advance.In this study,the in-situ removal of Al(Ⅲ)and P507 from a high concentration MgCl_(2)solution at different pH values and Al/P molar ratios was investigated.The results showed that P507 formed organic complexes of Al_(x)(OH)_y^(Z+)-P507 at pH of 2.0-4.0.At pH of 4.0-5.0,Al(Ⅲ)precipitated and transferred into Al(OH)_(3)with a flocculent amorphous morphology.Active sites on the Al(OH)_(3)surface enhanced the removal efficiency of P507.At pH of 6.0-6.5,Al(Ⅲ)and Mg(Ⅱ)formed layered crystalline Al(OH)_(3)and MgAl_(2)(OH)_(8with)small pore channels and fewer active sites,resulting in a reduced removal efficiency of P507.When the Al/P molar ratio exceeded 13 and the pH was between 4.0 and 5.0,the removal rates of both Al(Ⅲ)and P507 were higher than98%,while the concentration loss of Mg(Ⅱ)was only 0.2%-0.9%.

Cu含量以及Cu/Mg比对Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了Cu含量和Cu/Mg比对Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金凝固组织是否形成Mg_(2)Si、Q-Al_(5)Cu_(2)Mg_(8)Si_(6)以及θ-Al_(2)Cu取决于Cu含量以及Cu/Mg比。当Cu/Mg比相对低时形成Mg_(2)Si中间相,而Cu/Mg比高时则倾向于生成Q-Al_(5)Cu_(2)Mg_(8)Si_(6)和θ-Al_(2)Cu相。当Cu/Mg比相同时,高Cu含量和高Mg含量都会促进Q相θ相的形成。通过观察T6热处理后的组织发现Cu含量以及Cu/Mg比控制了初生相的溶解以及析出相的形成,从而影响合金的强度与韧性。通过控制Cu含量及Cu/Mg比使Al-9Si-2Cu-0.5Mg合金中析出较少数量的初生相,再通过热处理析出大量的Q′强化相,使合金具有较高的强度和相对适中的伸长率。

Enhancement of catalytic and anti-carbon deposition performance of SAPO-34/ZSM-5/quartz films in MTA reaction by Si/Al ratio regulation

In order to further improve the catalytic performance of zeolite catalyst for methanol to aromatics(MTA)technology, the double-tier SAPO-34/ZSM-5/quartz composite zeolite films were successfully synthesized via hydrothermal crystallization. The Si/Al ratio of SAPO-34 film was used as the only variable to study this material. The composite zeolite material with 0.6Si/Al ratio of SAPO-34 has the largest mesoporous specific surface area and the most suitable acid distribution. The catalytic performance for the MTA process showed that 0.6-SAPO-34/ZSM-5/quartz film has as high as 50.3% benzene-toluenexylene selectivity and 670 min lifetime. The MTA reaction is carried out through the path we designed to effectively avoid the hydrocarbon pool circulation of ZSM-5 zeolite, so as to improve the aromatics selectivity and inhibit the occurrence of deep side reactions to a great extent. The coke deposition behavior was monitored by thermogravimetric analysis and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, it is found that with the increase of Si/Al ratio, the active intermediates changed from low-substituted methylbenzene to high-substituted methylbenzene, which led to the rapid deactivation of the catalyst. This work provides a possibility to employ the synergy effect of composite zeolite film synthesizing anti-carbon deposition catalyst in MTA reaction.

Influence of MgO/MgCl_2 Molar Ratio on Phase Stability of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement

Formation, solution and phase change of hydration products in MgO-MgCl2-H2O system was studied with thermodynamics method, and resistance to water immersion and phase change of magnesium oxychloride cement with different MgO/MgCl2 molar ratio was experimented. The results show that pH value of immersion solution of cement paste has a remarkable influence on phase stability of hydration products. A higher pH value leads to a lower solubility and a better phase stability of hydration products. When the solution pH value is higher than 10.37, the precipitation of much Mg（OH）2 crystal induces a worse phase stability of hydration products. With the increasing MgO/MgCl2 molar ratio （lower than 6）, the more amount of MgO in the hydration products enhances the alkalinity of solution and the phase stability is improved. However, when the MgO/MgCl2 molar ratio is higher than 6 and the excessive MgO exsits in the hydration products, the cement paste may be damaged by the excessive crystallization stress of a great deal of Mg（OH）2 formation.

Optimization of Cr/Mo molar ratio in FeCoCrMoCBY alloys for high corrosion resistance

The corrosion behavior of bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)(Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2)100-xCrx(x=0,4,8,12,molar fraction,%)was investigated in1mol/L HCl aqueous solution with electrochemical tests.The electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the passive current density of Fe-based amorphous alloy is reduced by about one order of magnitude,and meanwhile,the stability of passive film can be guaranteed by the Cr/Mo molar ratio.The Mott–Schottky(M–S)curves show that the passive film is the densest when the molar ratio of Cr/Mo is between1.37and1.69.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis was performed to clarify chemical states of elements in the passive films.The results show that the corrosion resistance of the alloy is related to the molar ratio of Cr/Mo.The stability of passive film is determined by the synergistic action of Cr and Mo elements.The main component of the passive film is Cr3+oxide.When the potential is greater than0.5V(vs SCE),Mo6+ions play an important role in keeping the stability of the passive film.The appropriate molar ratio of Cr/Mo can reduce the dissolution rate of the passive film.

Silica-alumina molar ratio and some factors effect on the synthesis of zeolites from fly ash

In order to improve the activity and eliminate some impurities, pretreatment was used before hydrothermal synthesis. The fly ash was mixed with an aqueous NaOH solution, the alkali melted fly ash was also adopted, which is hydrothermally treated at about 104 ℃, and the liquid/solid ratio was controlled at 6：1. In order to control Si/Al molar ratio, SiO2 or Al2O3 powers were added to the fly ash. The results of XRD and SEM show that the alkali melted can activate fly ash and eliminate its quartz and mullite, along with the improvement of Si/Al molar ratio and alkalinity. In addition, zeolite Na-A changes into sodalite gradually, and nepheline is the synthesized intermediate product. Those results were discussed on the basis of a formation mechanism of zeolite from fly ash.

Er_(2)SiO_(5)纳米粉体的并流共沉淀法合成

以Er_(2)O_(3)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,采用并流共沉淀法合成了纳米Er_(2)SiO_(5)粉体。研究了前驱体Si/Er摩尔比、煅烧温度以及反应体系pH值对Er_(2)SiO_(5)物相组成和显微结构的影响,并探讨了Er_(2)SiO_(5)粉体的合成机理。结果表明:前驱体Er/Si摩尔比为20∶12,煅烧温度为1300℃时,Er_(2)SiO_(5)粉体由X2-Er_(2)SiO_(5)纯相组成,具有近球形形貌特征。低Er/Si摩尔比可降低Er_(2)SiO_(5)的结晶温度并促进X2-Er_(2)SiO_(5)的生成,反应体系pH值的升高则对[Si—O—Er]结构的生成具有一定的促进作用。Er_(2)SiO_(5)前驱体是以[Si—O—Er]网络结构形式存在的,煅烧过程中通过分解和结构重组逐步生成Er_(2)SiO_(5),Er_(2)O_(3)杂质相的生成是高Er/Si摩尔比前驱体[Si—O—Er]网络结构中的Er^(3+)在Er_(2)SiO_(5)结晶过程中的析出造成的。

Mn/Fe比对Al-Mg-Si合金组织和性能的影响

以Al-Mg-Si合金为研究对象,采用金属型铸造研究Mn/Fe比对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明:Al-Mg-Si铸态合金组织中枝晶间存在α-Al基体和大量析出相,主要以Mg_(2)Si相为主,还存在少量的共晶Si相、AlFeSi相和Al(FeMn)Si相。随Mn/Fe比的增大,合金中的晶粒逐渐变得细小圆整,且由树枝晶向等轴晶发生转变。Mn可以促进铝合金中针状的β-AlFeSi相向骨骼状、颗粒状或块状的α-Al(FeMn)Si相的转变。当Mn/Fe比为0.5时,合金的热导率达到最大值181.08 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)。当Mn/Fe比为1.0时,合金的晶粒尺寸最小且具有最佳的力学性能,抗拉强度、伸长率和硬度相较于Mn/Fe为0.2时分别提升17.45%、49.57%和27.48%,达到167.35 MPa、17.23%、HV 62.86。

Influnce of Stoichiometry and Molar Ratio of Barium Ferrite Thin Film Synthesized by Sol-gel on Alumina Substrate

Amorphous gels were processed with a varying Fe/Ba ratio of 11/5, 28/2, 10.5/1 in water and Solvent. Iron and barium nitrites with specific molar ratio was solved in water and slovent at 60°C for 3 hours until! a dark brown solution was prepared . The sols were introduced to substrate dropwise and spinning with 2000 rpm in 3 min was applied ; the work was repeated for 10 times and the samples were dried and sintered . The TGA analysis was used to identify the heating rate of the samples; at temperature of 1150°c for one hour the final phase was attained . the thickness , uniformity , morphology and the composition were examined by SEM and XRD. The study shows that the fabrication barium ferrite film of the molar ratio of Fe/Ba = 10.5/1 is much more suitable than other ratios .

硅和镁质量分数对Al-Si-Mg合金机械力学性能参数影响的计算分析

基于第一性原理,利用CASTEP模块,通过虚拟晶体近似的方法建模,采用GGA+PBE泛函关联函数,研究了Al-Si7-Mg X(X=0.1~0.5)、Al-Si X-Mg0.3(X=6~9)合金中的Si、Mg质量分数的变化对机械力学性能参数的影响。研究表明,随着研究组元质量分数的增加,晶格常数有所减小,最大值与最小值相差约0.265%;弹性常数C_(11)、C_(12)、C_(44)满足结构稳定性条件;体积模量B、剪切模量G、杨氏模量E、泊松比u随着A356中Si、Mg质量分数变化而变化;Mg质量分数的变化对剪切模量G、杨氏模量E的影响比Si质量分数的变化更敏感。计算结果与现有实验数据对比表明,计算结果接近实验数据,第一性原理计算Al-Si-Mg合金材料参数可行。

NiSiCu合金产品质量异常分析

对非真空熔炼的NiSiCu合金产品质量异常原因进行分析。通过合金成分分析和性能检测及合金生产现场观察,发现合金中添加的Ni、Si元素的总量低、Ni/Si质量比不理想,导致了合金硬度偏低;另外,合金中的Fe元素等杂质含量偏高,降低了合金的导电率。实施改进措施后,生产的NiSiCu合金产品质量和合格率均得到较大的提高。

微量Co^(2+)-Si^(4+)取代对多晶石榴石铁氧体材料旋矩磁性能的影响

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了多晶石榴石铁氧体,研究了微量Co^(2+)-Si^(4+)联合取代对GdCaSnV-YIG、GdCaZrV-YIG、GdCaInV-YIG和GdAl-YIG材料旋矩磁性能的影响。结果表明,Co^(2+)-Si^(4+)联合取代GdAl-YIG可使其矫顽力显著增高,而Co^(2+)-Si^(4+)取代GdCaSnV-YIG、GdCaZrV-YIG和GdCaInV-YIG,可调节其矫顽力和剩磁比。当Co^(2+)-Si^(4+)取代量为0.015时得到GdCaSnV-YIG的矫顽力为0.17 Oe,取代量为0.025时得到GdCaZrV-YIG的矫顽力为0.23 Oe,取代量大于等于0.035时三者的剩磁比均能达到0.79或以上。

添加Sn对不同Mg/Si比Al-Mg-Si合金时效硬化和析出行为的影响

采用硬度测试和透射电镜研究Sn对不同Mg/Si比Al-Mg-Si合金时效硬化与析出行为的影响。结果表明:添加Sn虽然增加了低Mg/Si比合金峰值时效的析出相密度,但也降低了β″相的析出速度,从而降低了低Mg/Si比合金峰时效前的硬化速度和峰时效硬度。过时效阶段,含Sn合金的高析出相密度提高了低Mg/Si比合金过时效硬度。对于高Mg/Si比合金,添加Sn不仅增加合金的析出相密度,同时也提高了β″相的析出速度,从而增加了合金的硬化速度和峰时效硬度。

Laboratory-scale study of the suppression of PCDD/F emission during coal and MSW co-incineration

The experimental test of co-incinerating Chinese raw municipal solid waste （MSW） and coal in a laboratory-scale tubular reactor was first reported in present study, and the emission of normal gas components and the effects of the S/Cl molar ratio or coal mixing percentages on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans （PCDDs/Fs） emission were investigated and discussed. The results indicated that OCDD was the only PCDD homologues since others like TCDD-HpCDD was hardly detected, while as the categories of PCDF homologues were comparatively much more general. The amount of PCDD was much larger than that of PCDF in all operating conditions. Since ZPCDF/∑PCDD〈〈1, the dominant role of the precursor formation was proven in our experimental conductions. With increasing the coal addition to MSW （from 0 to 16%）, PCDD and PCDF were reduced considerably. Coal and MSW may suppress the PCDD/F emissions efficiently （over 95%） during the MSW incineration process. The PCDD/F suppression results of the present study could be helpful guidance to the industrial application of Chinese MSW and auxiliary coal co-incineration processes. The PCDD/F stack emission data of two industrial incinerators using co-incineration technology in China seem to have a great positive reduction of PCDDs/Fs.

Experiment and Modeling of Pure and Binary Adsorption of n-Butane and Butene-1 on ZSM-5 Zeolites with Different Si/Al Ratios

Four ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts with different Si/Al ratios for the catalytic cracking of C4 fractions to produce ethylene and propylene were prepared in this study.First,the adsorption isotherms of pure n-butane and butene-1 and their mixtures on these catalysts at 300K and p=0—100kPa were measured using the intelligent gra- vimetric analyzer.The experimental results indicate that the presence of Al can significantly affect the adsorption of butene-1 than that of n-butane on ZSM-5 zeolites.Then,the double Langmuir(DL)model was applied to study the pure gas adsorption on ZSM-5 zeolites for pure n-butane and butene-1.By combining the DL model with the ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST),the IAST-DL model was applied to model the butene-1(1)/n-butane(2)binary mixture adsorption on ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios.The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data,indicating that the IAST-DL model is effective for the present systems.Finally,the adsorp- tion over a wide range of variables was predicted at low pressure and 300K by the model proposed.It is found that the selectivity of butene-1 over n-butane increases linearly with the decrease of Si/Al ratio.A correlation between the selectivity and Si/Al ratio of the sample was proposed at 300K and p=0.08MPa.

Preparation of Layered Potassium Titanate Whiskers with Large Length-diameter Ratio by KDC Method

Pure K2Ti4O9 whiskers were prepared by KDC（Kneading-Drying-Calcination） method with TiO2 and K2CO3 as raw materials. The influences of TiO2/K2CO3 molar ratio（RT/K）, calcination temperature（TC） and cooling process on phase composition and morphology of the whiskers were investigated by TG-DSC（thermo gravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter）, XRD（X-ray diffraction）, and SEM（scanning electron microscope）. Pure K2Ti4O9 potassium titanate whiskers with large length-diameter ratio（r）（over 250） can be obtained at RT/K = 2.9 and TC = 950 ℃.

Effect of compression ratio on microstructure evolution of Mg−10%Al−1%Zn−1%Si alloy prepared by SIMA process

A new Mg−10%Al−1%Zn−1%Si alloy with non-dendritic microstructure was prepared by strain induced melt activation(SIMA)process.The effect of compression ratio on the evolution of semisolid microstructure of the experimental alloy was investigated.The results indicate that the average size ofα-Mg grains decreases and spheroidizing tendency becomes more obvious with the compression ratios increasing from 0 to 40%.In addition,the eutectic Mg2Si phase in the Mg−10%Al−1%Zn−1%Si alloy transforms completely from the initial fishbone shape to globular shape by SIMA process.With the increasing of compression ratio,the morphology and average size of Mg2Si phases do not change obviously.The morphology modification mechanism of Mg2Si phase in Mg−10%Al−1%Zn−1%Si alloy by SIMA process was also studied.

Germanium/silica ratio and trace element composition of Early Cambrian siliceous rocks in Keping:implications for the siliceous rocks'formation and paleoenvironment interpretations

This study used the germanium/silica(Ge/Si)ratios,together with rare earth elements and other trace elements to infer the siliceous source and sedimentary environment of the siliceous rocks located at the bottom of Yuertusi Formation in Northwestern Tarim Basin,Keping,China.Previous studies have shown that this siliceous rock stratum formed at the edge of the carbonate platform on the continental shelf.Researchers suggest that these siliceous rocks were formed by hydrothermal activity,but some still draw different conclusions.Understanding the silicon source and depositional environment of these siliceous rocks would help us learn the processes of environmental changes and the causes of biological explosions during this period.The value of germanium/silica ratios of these siliceous rocks is from 0.15 to 0.37 pmol/mol and much lower than above 10|imol/mol values in siliceous rocks that are known formed by hydrothermal activity.All samples are rich in HREE,which differ from hydrothermal siliceous rocks that are rich in LREE.Most samples lack hydrothermal related elements.All these features show that the source of these siliceous rocks'siliceous is not hydrothermal flu ids.The samples'Ce/Ce*range from 0.88 to 1,and Th/U ratios range from 0.01 to 0.36.These features suggest these siliceous rocks were formed in an anoxic environment.Considering all the evidence,we conclude that the siliceous rock stratum at the bottom of the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation in northwest Tarim Basin.Keping,was formed in anoxic seawater at the edge of the carbonate platform on the continental shelf.Its silicon source is seawater instead of hydrothermal fluid.

Study on Filtration Performance of Silica/ Alumina Slurry in the Process of Recycling Mother Liquor of NaY Zeolite

In order to recover the SiO_2 contained in the mother liquor in the course ofNaY zeolite synthesis to minimize pollution, the influence of various preparation conditions on thefiltering velocity of gel slurry was studied using the SiO_2/Al_2O_3 gel recovered from the NaYmother liquor in the laboratory. The results of study had shown that at a SiO_2/Al_2O_3 ratio in thefeed equating to 9∶1 the SiO_2 recovery rate and Al_2O_3 utilization rate were high with a fasterflow velocity of the filtrate. The pH value of the system had great impact on the flow velocity offiltrate. Between the two methods for regulating the pH value, the one for formation ofsilica/alumina gel slurry by addition of sulfuric acid prior to adding aluminium sulfate in thesolution could secure a faster filtration velocity. The filtration velocity was decreased in tandemwith increasing SiO_2 concentration in mother liquor, meanwhile an increase in dry filter cakeyield.

溶胶中Ti和Si物质的量比对TiO_(2)-SiO_(2)涂膜耐腐蚀性的影响

为提升20^(#)钢板的耐腐蚀性,采用溶胶凝胶法在20^(#)钢板表面制备了TiO_(2)-SiO_(2)涂膜,研究了溶胶中Ti与Si物质的量比对涂膜制备及其耐腐蚀性的影响规律。通过激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电镜观察涂膜的表面微观结构,通过X射线衍射表征涂膜的晶体结构,采用能谱仪测定涂膜表面化学成分,通过紫外-可见吸收光谱表征涂膜对亚甲基蓝的降解作用等。结果表明:溶胶中Ti与Si物质的量比对20^(#)钢板表面润湿性、有机物降解性和耐腐蚀性的影响很大。随着TiO_(2)-SiO_(2)涂膜中SiO_(2)成分的增加,材料由亲水性向疏水性转变,同时其耐腐蚀性提升,当溶胶中Ti与Si物质的量比为1∶1时,制备的TiO_(2)-SiO_(2)涂膜拥有最优的耐腐蚀能力,经95℃的3.5%NaCl溶液浸泡48 h后,涂覆有TiO_(2)-SiO_(2)膜层的20^(#)钢样品未被腐蚀,几乎保持浸泡前的形貌。