Coordinated peak expression of MMP-26 and TIMP-4 in preinvasive human prostate tumor

The identification of novel biomarkers for early prostate cancer diagnosis is highly important because early detection and treatment are critical for the medical management of patients. Disruption in the continuity of both the basal cell layer and basement membrane is essential for the progression of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia （HGPIN） to invasive adenocarcinoma in human prostate. The molecules involved in the conversion to an invasive phenotype are the subject of intense scrutiny. We have previously reported that matrix metalloproteinase-26 （MMP-26） promotes the invasion of human prostate cancer cells via the cleavage of basement membrane proteins and by activating the zymogen form of MMP-9. Furthermore, we have found that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-4 （TIMP-4） is the most potent endogenous inhibitor of MMP-26. Here we demonstrate higher （p〈0.0001） MMP-26 and TIMP-4 expression in HGPIN and cancer, compared to non-neoplastic acini. Their expression levels are highest in HGPIN, but decline in invasive cancer （p〈0.001 for each） in the same tissues. Immunohistochemical staining of serial prostate cancer tissue sections suggests colocalization of MMP-26 and TIMP-4. The present study indicates that MMP-26 and TIMP-4 may play an integral role during the conversion of HGPIN to invasive cancer and may also serve as markers for early prostate cancer diagnosis.

Interaction between fragile histamine triad and protein kinase C alpha in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues

Objective To investigate the interaction between fragile histamine triad (FHIT) and protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues. Methods FHIT and PKCα double positive samples were screened by immunohistochemical staining from 13 human non-small cell lung cancer tissues. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed by using anti-FHIT and anti-PKCα. The immune precipitate was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results Immune precipitate staining detection showed that 3 samples out of the 13 cases were double positive for FHIT and PKCα. FHIT protein was present in the immune precipitate of anti-PKCα while there was PKCα in the immune precipitate of anti-FHITmAb. Conclusion FHIT and PKCα exist as a complex in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues, which will provide a new route for studying the pathogenesis and immunotherapy of human non-small cell lung cancer.

HAX1 deletion impairs BCR internalization and leads to delayed BCR-mediated apoptosis

Deletion of HAX1 in mice causes a severe reduction in the numbers of lymphocytes in the bone marrow and in the spleen. Additionally, B220＋ B progenitor cells in the bone marrow are reduced, suggesting an important function of HAX1 in B cell development. HAX1 is thought to play a protective role in apoptotic processes; therefore, we investigated the role of HAX1 in bone marrow B progenitor cells and splenic B cells. We did not observe an effect on the survival of Hax1-/- bone marrow cells but detected enhanced survival of splenic Hax1-/- B cells upon in vitro starvation/ growth-factor withdrawal. To explain this apparent inconsistency with previous reports of HAX1 function, we also studied the B cell receptor （BCR）-induced apoptosis of IgM-stimulated splenic naive B cells and found that apoptosis decreased in these cells. We further found impaired internalization of the BCR from Hax1-/- splenic B cells after IgM crosslinking; this impaired internalization may result in decreased BCR signaling and, consequently, decreased BCR-mediated apoptosis. We measured HAX1 binding to the cytoplasmic domains of different Ig subtypes and identified KVKWI（V）F as the putative binding motif for HAX1 within the cytoplasmic domains. Because this motif can be found in almost all Ig subtypes, it is likely that HAX1 plays a general role in BCR-mediated internalization events and BCR-mediated apoptosis.

Global Profiling of 2-hydroxyisobutyrylome in Common Wheat

As a novel post-translational modification(PTM),lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation(Khib)is considered to regulate gene transcriptional activities in eukaryotic cells;however,the functions of Khib-modified proteins in plants remain unknown.Here,we report that Khib is an evolutionarilyconserved PTM in wheat and its progenitors.A total of 3348 Khib sites on 1074 proteins are identified in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)by using affinity purification and mass spectroscopy of 2-hydroxyisobutyrylome.Bioinformatic data indicate that Khib-modified proteins participate in a wide variety of biological and metabolic pathways.Immunoprecipitation confirms that Khibmodified proteins are present endogenously.A comparison of Khib and other main PTMs shows that Khib-modified proteins are simultaneously modified by multiple PTMs.Using mutagenesis experiments and co-immunoprecipitation assays,we demonstrate that Khib on K206 of phosphoglycerate kinase(PGK)is a key regulatory modification for its enzymatic activity,and mutation on K206 affects the interactions of PGK with its substrates.Furthermore,Khib modification of low-molecular-weight proteins is a response to the deacetylase inhibitors nicotinamide and trichostatin.This study provides evidence to promote our current understanding of Khib in wheat plants,including the cooperation between Khib and its metabolic regulation.

Co-immunolocalization of Disc1 and Gas7 protein in adult mice brain

Objective: The aim of the present study was to check the potential interaction of two neurodevelopmental proteins, Disc1 and Gas7, in the adult mice brain. Methods: Twenty-four male Swiss albino mice were used for the study. The mice were 12 weeks old in the beginning of the experiment. Immunohistochemistry and co-immunofluorescence were performed on the coronal sections of mice brain and immunoblotting and co-immunoprecipitation were done on the whole brain lysate. Results: Data from immunohistochemistry and co-immunofluorescence indicate the occurrence and co-localization of Disc1 and Gas7 proteins in soma and projections of the brain cells. Immunostaining was observed in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata and CA3 of hippocampus of the brain. The data from Immunoblotting and co-immunoprecipitation validates the presence and interaction of Disc1 and Gas7 protein in whole brain lysate. Conclusion: Data indicates the potential interaction of Disc1 and Gas7 protein in adult brain. The study highlights the need for further research on Disc1-Gas7 protein interaction in brain development and neuro-disorders.