Trust-based co-operative routing for secure communication in mobile ad hoc networks

The working of a Mobile Ad hoc NETwork(MANET)relies on the supportive cooperation among the network nodes.But due to its intrinsic features,a misbehaving node can easily lead to a routing disorder.This paper presents two trust-based routing schemes,namely Trust-based Self-Detection Routing(TSDR)and Trust-based Cooperative Routing(TCOR)designed with an Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector(AODV)protocol.The proposed work covers a wide range of security challenges,including malicious node identification and prevention,accurate trust quantification,secure trust data sharing,and trusted route maintenance.This brings a prominent solution for mitigating misbehaving nodes and establishing efficient communication in MANET.It is empirically validated based on a performance comparison with the current Evolutionary Self-Cooperative Trust(ESCT)scheme,Generalized Trust Model(GTM),and the conventional AODV protocol.The extensive simulations are conducted against three different varying network scenarios.The results affirm the improved values of eight popular performance metrics overcoming the existing routing schemes.Among the two proposed works,TCOR is more suitable for highly scalable networks;TSDR suits,however,the MANET application better with its small size.This work thus makes a significant contribution to the research community,in contrast to many previous works focusing solely on specific security aspects,and results in a trade-off in the expected values of evaluation parameters and asserts their efficiency.

加拿大“Co-operative Education”教育模式研究

通过分析加拿大百年理工学院的"Co-operative Education"实习教育模式,了解了"CO-OP"项目的具体运作方式。加拿大高职实习教育重视政府职能的参与,强调学校、企业和学生的三方合作,通过"COOP"项目实现三方共赢,其模式值得我们借鉴。

滑铁卢大学Co-Operative教育计划概况与启示

在本科毕业生就业日趋严峻的形势下,工作经验成为困惑毕业生求职和用人单位纳才的一个突出问题。如何完善高等教育模式,使大学生的课堂教学和工作经验有机结合是所有高等教育工作者需要思考的一个问题。加拿大滑铁卢大学先进办学理念中的Co-Operative教育计划,将课堂教学和实际工作结合在一起,对我国高校实践教学改革具有借鉴意义。

Applying the Teaching Strategy of Co-operative Learning to ELT

This article focuses on a brief introduction of the teaching strategies of Co-operative Learning(CL). Some of the strategies are chosen to make certain changes in ELT field. It is proved that the Teaching Strategy of CL can be applied in ELT, which makes the classroom teaching more efficient and arose learners’ interests. The Teaching Strategy of CL can help students improve their ability of learning and problem solving. It is a new breakthrough to the traditional teaching model.

Exploration of New Financing Mode of Farmers' Co-operatives——A Case of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China

Based on the overview of the role played by farmers' co-operatives in developing rural economy and existing problems,the thesis has introduced the factors which influence the development of farmers' co-operatives including five aspects,namely conditions of scale economy,popularization and application of agricultural production technology,comparative advantage,market expectancy and government support.By analyzing typical cases of three co-operatives in Guangxi(Heng County Dadi Growing Co-operatives,talents-leading share-holding co-operatives;Long'an County Guixiniu Co-operatives,co-operatives led by leading-enterprise;Nanning City Tanluo Town Jinguang Fruits and Potatoes Co-operatives,co-operatives led by leading-enterprise),the way to develop farmers' co-operatives by dint of the external capital has been discussed.The results demonstrate that conditions of scale economy,popularization and application of agricultural production technology,comparative advantage,excellent market expectancy and government support,are conducive to absorbing external capital.Under China's existing economic conditions,the government should normalize the use and allocation procedure of program fund.

Employing Two ‘Sandwich Delay’ Mechanisms to Enhance Predictability of Embedded Systems Which Use Time-Triggered Co-Operative Architectures

In many real-time resource-constrained embedded systems, highly-predictable system behavior is a key design requirement. The “time-triggered co-operative” (TTC) scheduling algorithm provides a good match for a wide range of low-cost embedded applications. As a consequence of the resource, timing, and power constraints, the implementation of such algorithm is often far from trivial. Thus, basic implementation of TTC algorithm can result in excessive levels of task jitter which may jeopardize the predictability of many time-critical applications using this algorithm. This paper discusses the main sources of jitter in earlier TTC implementations and develops two alternative implementations – based on the employment of “sandwich delay” (SD) mechanisms – to reduce task jitter in TTC system significantly. In addition to jitter levels at task release times, we also assess the CPU, memory and power requirements involved in practical implementations of the proposed schedulers. The paper concludes that the TTC scheduler implementation using “multiple timer interrupt” (MTI) technique achieves better performance in terms of timing behavior and resource utilization as opposed to the other implementation which is based on a simple SD mechanism. Use of MTI technique is also found to provide a simple solution to “task overrun” problem which may degrade the performance of many TTC systems.

The Study of Chatting Program in Terms of Co-operative Principle

Nowadays,chatting programs have become very popular among TV audience,because they are well integrated with information,entertainment and leisure.They can bring a lot of laughter as well as elicitation to the audience.However,with the sharp increase of chatting programs on television,some programs which are not well designed emerge at an amazing rate.Our au dience always have a bad feeling to these programs and even mislead by them.My paper analyzes some chatting programs from the perspective of Grice's co-operative principles,and gives some suggestion for how to make chatting program go more smoothly.

Comparative study on membership legislation in Canadian and Chinese agricultural co-operative laws

For centuries, groups of people desiring to supply themselves with goods, to market their products, or to obtain services of various kinds on a co-operative basis, have made increasing use of co-operative associations to achieve these purposes. Duringthe period, legislation designed especially for the incorporation and conduct of such associations has been enacted by different counties. Since a co-operative is established and carried on by and for the use of its members, this essay makes a comparison between Canadian and Chinese co-operative laws in terms of membership in the aspects of qualifications, rights and obligations and withdrawal of membership, so as to probe the function of co-operative legislation and find some enlightment from it.

Time-Optimal Control Problem for <i>n</i>×<i>n</i>Co-Operative Parabolic Systems with Control in Initial Conditions

In this paper, time-optimal control problem for a liner n× n co-operative parabolic system involving Laplace operator is considered. This problem is, steering an initial state y(0)=u?, with control u?so that an observation y(t) hitting a given target set in minimum time. First, the existence and uniqueness of solutions of such system under conditions on the coefficients are proved. Afterwards necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality are obtained. Finally a scaler case is given.

Constraints Hindering the Adoption of Scientific Dairy Farming Practices by Members and Non-members of Dairy Co-operative Societies （DCS）/Milk Producer Institutions （MPI）

The present study was conducted in four districts of Telangana State of India with 120 respondents in which 60 were members and other 60 were non-members of DCSs （Dairy Co-operative Societies）/MPIs （Milk Producer Institutions）. Constraints perceived in dairy farming and suggestions elicited by members and non-members were noted, tabulated and analyzed. The major constraints perceived by half or more than half of members were scarcity of water （91.67%）, lack of green fodder （88.33%）, preferring NS （natural service） than AI （Artificial Insemination） （83.33%）, negligence in feeding pregnant and dry animals （81.37%）, insufficient loan amount （78.33%）, tendency to feed only grass and brans （71.67%）, lack of availability of sufficient labour （70.00%）, lack of remunerative price for milk （66.67%）, high cost of feed （61.67%）, lack of fodder conservation （55.00%） and high cost of animals （50.00%）. Whereas major constraints perceived by non-members were scarcity of water （96.67%）, lack of green fodder （93.33%）, preferring NS than AI （88.33%）, lack of availability of sufficient labour （85.00%）, negligence in feeding pregnant and dry animals （83.33%）, tendency to feed only grass and brans （78.33%）, high cost of animals （75.00%）, complex procedure for obtaining loans （71.67%） and high cost of feed （66.67%）. Suggestions elicited by members majorly were providing subsidy for purchase of animals/providing loans on par with the cost of animal （81.67%）, enhancing the procurement price （70.00%）, providing more incentives （60.00%）, encouraging calf rearing （58.33%） and conducting frequent animal health camps （50.00%）. In case of non-members major suggestions elicited were conducting frequent animal health camps （68.33%） and providing subsidy on purchase of animals/providing loans on par with the cost of animal （58.33%）. Considering the above constraints perceived and suggestions elicited by dairy farmers a proper linkage strategy should be developed among private and public sectors in providing need based services to the dairy farmers.

Cooperation Between Co-operative Business Organization and Investor Owned Firm to Stimulate Economic Growth of a Country： A Cooperative Advantage Approach

This study elaborates that the economic growth of a country depending on not only the business performance of the investor owned firms （IOFs）, but also the business surplus of the cooperative organizations （Co-ops）. The policy maker should have the level of understanding and competence to blend five different factors related to organizational structure and business model of the Co-ops and the IOFs to the five similarities factors on the managerial approach of them into one marked. The study investigated five similarities factors and included into a conceptual structural model with its six measurement models, economic growth model, general national factor model, market and industry factors model, Co-ops/IOFs opportunities/threat model, Co-ops/IOFs strength /weakness model, and lastly the Co-ops/IOFs firm dynamic/active： sales, profit, and lost model. Reliability of the six similarities measurement models was tested by the Delphi technique with a sample of 33 respondents. The study found that, apart from the six measurement models, it also has two intervening factor variables that will reduce the power and magnitude of the economic growth which will come from mismanagement of policy maker： These factors are the different in intemational culture among countries, and the global warming and natural disaster from the excess consumption and excess production. These selfish, competition and economic greedy of people will lead to economic, social, and natural disaster problems. To reduce the socioeconomic disadvantages and global disaster, board＇s committee, and Co-ops manager as well as chief executive officer （CEO） of the IOFs must have a good understanding on these five similarities factors. Appropriate management of these five similarities factors will lead the firms to reach their high managerial efficiency, customer value, firm value, and finally economic growth.

Application Procedures——for Establishing Chinese-foreign Joint(Co-operative)Ventures or Foreign-funded Enterprises in Sichuan Province

1. On Chinese-foreign joint (co-operative) ventures(1) The conclusion of the letter ofintent on joint investment (co-operation) bythe Chinese and foreign parties.(2) New construction projects shall besubmitted to the provincial PlanningCommission for ratification; technicalinnovation projects shall be submitted to theProvincial Economic Commission forratification.(3) The contracting parties shall register thename of the joint venture with the provincialAdministration for Industry and Commerce.

产教融合背景下民办高校校企合作优化研究——以美国东北大学Co-op项目为启示

校企合作能提高民办高校的办学质量,为民办高校的稳步发展起到关键作用。然而目前民办高校校企合作存在缺少规范化课程体系及制度,缺少全方位实习就业服务及政府支持等问题。美国东北大学的合作教育项目创立已有一个多世纪之久,项目运行经验丰富,成效显著,值得民办高校借鉴。本文通过对美国东北大学合作教育项目的介绍和分析,针对我国民办高校校企合作存在问题,结合我国国情提出对民办高校校企合作的优化建议,以期为民办高校,乃至应用型公办院校提供参考。

The situation of library-matching market of Chinese electronic books and the co-operative strategy between electronic books and paper books

Recently,on the one hand,libraries in China face increasing pressures on shortage of budget and physical space,and the PDA(Patron Driven Acquisition)model is in urgent need.On the other hand,librarians have no choice but to purchase aggregator packages when Chinese e-books are recommended for a long time.

Kibbutz—Israeli Co-operative Agricultural Settlements

AS a member of the Chinese Women’s Delegation, I had an opportunity to visit the beautiful country of Israel in November 1993, at the invitation of Na’amat. During our one-week stay there I visited many interesting places. But what impressed me most were the Kibbutz, co-operative agricultural settlements.

基于产教融合的Co-op实习体系建设与创新实践——以计算机科学与技术专业为例

在我国双教融合背景下对人才培养提出了新的要求,校外实习实践课程作为毕业前培养体系中最后一个环节,也是提升学生实践能力最重要的教学环节,然而我国大学生实践能力培养的薄弱之处主要体现在此环节。故在借鉴加拿大Co-op实习体系基础上,结合计算机科学与技术专业发展情况,建设符合我国产教融合背景以及人才培养需求的Co-op实习体系。高校充分发挥企业与学生之间桥梁作用,建立“学校-企业-学生”三位一体匹配机制,不断提升企业与学生之间双向选择契合度。高校积极引入政府与企业资源,并将其合理安排到教学体系中。让政府、企业、高校和学生四者有机结合,发挥各自的优势与作用,为高校学生提供大学四年全周期贯穿式培养体系,更好地提升学生实习实践质量。

问题驱动的专业硕士校企联合CO-OP实践

实践能力的培养是专业学位研究生培养的重要环节。研究从问题驱动的校企联合CO-OP实践出发,探索专业硕士研究生校企联合实践环节的模式、具体实施流程、相应措施及结果评价。通过学生在实践基地的带薪实习环节的规划、管理及评价体系的建立,提高学生发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的工程实践能力和创新能力。以行业能力提升为导向规划专业学位研究生的实践形式和实践内容,进一步完善专业硕士研究生的培养体系。

加拿大滑铁卢大学CO-OP教育模式研究

加拿大滑铁卢大学是一所世界著名高等学府,尤其是滑铁卢大学的Co-OP教育模式更是享誉全球,Co-OP是滑铁卢大学吸引学生求学的招牌,目前有一百四十多国家的学生在此求学,近年来中国的学生去滑铁卢大学求学的人数愈来愈多。滑铁卢大学Co-OP教育模式包含丰富多彩的校企共同培育社会人才的内容,从根本上成功的解决了学生求学、就业的社会难题。滑铁卢大学Co-OP教育模式值得研究,值得有识学者关注,值得我国高校教育人士重视,值得高校管理人士注目。它山之石,可以攻玉,滑铁卢大学Co-OP教育模式值得我们学习和借鉴,并可在我国高等教育改革中发扬光大。

加拿大滑铁卢大学Co-op项目对我国高校实践教学的启示

在系统介绍加拿大滑铁卢大学Co-op项目通行做法的基础上,针对目前我国高校实践教学环节中存在的实际问题进行了深刻反思,总结出滑铁卢大学Co-op项目的成功经验供我国高校实践教学借鉴。国家宏观战略层面要高度重视,大学微观层面要求真务实,学生个体主观上要积极参与,师资队伍的水平要不断提高。

滑铁卢大学Co-op教育理念对测绘工程人才培养模式的启示

本文综述了滑铁卢大学Co-op教育特点、两种不同的人才培养模式和Co-op教育实施与管理过程。针对我国测绘工程专业人才培养现有模式,提出率先在测绘人才培养创新实验区开展具有中国特色的Co-op教育及其人才培养创新思路。