The variation of in situ stress before and after earthquakes is an issue studied by geologists. In this paper, on the basis of the fault slip dislocation model of Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, the changes of co-seismic d...The variation of in situ stress before and after earthquakes is an issue studied by geologists. In this paper, on the basis of the fault slip dislocation model of Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, the changes of co-seismic displacement and the distribution functions of stress tensor around the Longmen Shan fault zone are calculated. The results show that the co-seismic maximum surface displacement is 4.9 m in the horizontal direction and 6.5 m in the vertical direction, which is almost consistent with the on-site survey and GPS observations. The co-seismic maximum horizontal stress in the hanging wall and footwall decreased sharply as the distance from the Longmen Shan fault zone increased. However, the vertical stress and minimum horizontal stress increased in the footwall and in some areas of the hanging wall. The study of the co-seismic displacement and stress was mainly focused on the long and narrow region along the Longmen Shan fault zone, which coincides with the distribution of the earthquake aftershocks. Therefore, the co-seismic stress only affects the aftershocks, and does not affect distant faults and seismic activities. The results are almost consistent with in situ stress measurements at the two sites before and after Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake. Along the fault plane, the co-seismic shear stress in the dip direction is larger than that in the strike direction, which indicates that the faulting mechanism of the Longmen Shan fault zone is a dominant thrust with minor strike-slipping. The results can be used as a reference value for future studies of earthquake mechanisms.展开更多
An earthquake of Ms 8 struck Wenchuan County, western Sichuan, China, on May 12^th, 2008 and resulted in long surface ruptures (〉300 km). The first-hand observations about the surface ruptures produced by the earth...An earthquake of Ms 8 struck Wenchuan County, western Sichuan, China, on May 12^th, 2008 and resulted in long surface ruptures (〉300 km). The first-hand observations about the surface ruptures produced by the earthquake in the worst-hit areas of Yingxiu, Beichuan and Qingchuan, ascertained that the causative structure of the earthquake was in the central fault zones of the Longmenshan tectonic belt. Average co-seismic vertical displacements along the individual fault of the Yingxiu-Beiehuan rupture zone reach 2.514 m and the cumulative vertical displacements across the central and frontal Longmenshan fault belt is about 5-6 m. The surface rupture strength was reduced from north of Beichuan to Qingchuan County and shows 2-3 m dextral strike-slip component. The Wenchuan thrust-faulting earthquake is a manifestation of eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau under the action of continuous convergence of the Indian and Eurasian continents.展开更多
In order to study the damage mechanism of asphalt mixture,it is important to obtain the distribution of displacement and strain of its sample in the indirect tension mode.As a result,the digital image correlation meth...In order to study the damage mechanism of asphalt mixture,it is important to obtain the distribution of displacement and strain of its sample in the indirect tension mode.As a result,the digital image correlation method (DICM) was used to evaluate the displacement field and strain field of asphalt mixture.The results showed that the displacement fields under DICM and ABAQUS are similarly;the strain fields are different due to the different modulus of mastic and aggregate;and DICM is an practical method to study the indirect tension displacement and stain.展开更多
The recently developed data-driven approach can establish the material law for nonlinear elastic composite materials(especially newly developed materials)by the generated stress-strain data under different loading pat...The recently developed data-driven approach can establish the material law for nonlinear elastic composite materials(especially newly developed materials)by the generated stress-strain data under different loading paths(Computational Mechanics,2019).Generally,the displacement(or strain)fields can be obtained relatively easier using digital image correlation(DIC)technique experimentally,but the stress field is hard to be measured.This situation limits the applicability of the proposed data-driven approach.In this paper,a method based on artificial neural network(ANN)to identify stress fields and further obtain the material law of nonlinear elastic materials is presented,which can make the proposed data-driven approach more practical.A numerical example is given to prove the validity of the method.The limitations of the proposed approach are also discussed.展开更多
Based on the three-dimensional ela stic inclusion model proposed by Dobrovolskii, we developed a three-dimensional rheologic inclusion model and theory to study the earthquake preparation process. By using corresponde...Based on the three-dimensional ela stic inclusion model proposed by Dobrovolskii, we developed a three-dimensional rheologic inclusion model and theory to study the earthquake preparation process. By using correspondence principle in the theory of rheologic mechanics, we derived the analytic expression of the viscoelas-tic displacement at an arbitrary point (x, y, z) in three directions of x, y and z-axes (i. e., U(r, t), V*(r, t) and W(r, t)) produced by a three-dimension inclusion in the semi-infinite rheologic medium defined by the standard linear rheologic model.展开更多
A field monitoring system was established in an active river bank landslide in the Three Gorges area, China, and a consecutive monitoring for about 5 years were conducted to understand the displacement characteristics...A field monitoring system was established in an active river bank landslide in the Three Gorges area, China, and a consecutive monitoring for about 5 years were conducted to understand the displacement characteristics of flexible piles and the surrounding soil. It was found that piles deformed elastically under reservoir operation, and the soil in front of piles was gradually separated from piles. The movement of the pile heads exceeded that of the soil between and behind piles. This phenomenon was further studied by a large-scale physical model test to gain insights into the pile-soil interaction. The displacement relationship between pile heads and the surrounding soil is in good agreement with the field data. The physical model test shows that the deformation process of pile-reinforced landslides can be divided into two stages: firstly, when the piles head movement exceeds soil movement, the soil arching is mainly affected by the deflection of the piles, the arches between and behind piles bent upwards;but when the soil movement exceeds piles head movement, the arches near the upslope and downslope bent downwards and upwards, respectively. Furthermore, the different deformation of two adjacent piles and the pile stiffness influenced the arch’s shape and formation;the flexible piles exhibit great coordinated deformation with the landslide, and caused the soil arch on the downslope.展开更多
Based on dislocation theory of 0kada, we adopted a finite-element fault model inverted by Gavin Hayes from seismic data for the 2011 Japan Mw9.0 earthquake, and obtained the corresponding surface displacement and stra...Based on dislocation theory of 0kada, we adopted a finite-element fault model inverted by Gavin Hayes from seismic data for the 2011 Japan Mw9.0 earthquake, and obtained the corresponding surface displacement and strain fields. The calculated displacement field is consistent with the observed GPS results in the trend of changes. Also the surface displacement and strain fields both show large variations in space.展开更多
Based on back analysis of lateral displacements measured in situ by using the analytical solution, a useful method for estimating stress concentration ratio of geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported(GRPS) embankme...Based on back analysis of lateral displacements measured in situ by using the analytical solution, a useful method for estimating stress concentration ratio of geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported(GRPS) embankments was proposed. In order to validate the proposed method, a full-scale high-speed railway embankment(HSRE) with four instrumented subsections over medium compressibility silty clay was constructed in three stages. The soil profile, construction procedure and monitoring of settlements and lateral displacements of the four test sections were described. The field deformation analysis results show that 1) the combined reinforcement of CFG piles and geosynthetic layer perform well in terms of reducing lateral displacements; 2) the development of lateral displacements lags behind the increase of fill load, which can be attributed to the vertical load transfer mechanism of the pile foundation; and 3) pile length has a dominant effect on the stress distribution proportion between piles and surrounding soils. The comparison between predicted and experimental results suggests that the proposed analytical solution and the back analysis-based method are capable of reasonably estimating the lateral deformation and the stress concentration ratio, respectively, if the appropriate soil elastic modulus is chosen.展开更多
This paper presents the application of Moire interferometry in measuring the displacement and strain field at notch-tip and crack-tip before and after crack propagation.The experiment is carried out using a three poin...This paper presents the application of Moire interferometry in measuring the displacement and strain field at notch-tip and crack-tip before and after crack propagation.The experiment is carried out using a three point bending beam with a notch.The N_x and N_y fringe patterns representing displacement field,and the ΔN_x/Δx and ΔN_y/Δy fringe patterns representing the strain field are obtained.The sensitivity of the meas- ured displacement is 0.417μm per fringe order.The displacement and strain distribution along the section x=0 have been worked out according to N_x and N_y fringe patterns.展开更多
The displacement field generated by aftershocks in Landers earthquake fault zone and its adjacent areas is calculated in this study. The result is compared with the displacement field of the main shock calculated by c...The displacement field generated by aftershocks in Landers earthquake fault zone and its adjacent areas is calculated in this study. The result is compared with the displacement field of the main shock calculated by co-seismic slip model of Wald and Heaton (1994). The result shows that the direction of displacement generated by aftershocks in Landers seismic fault plane and its adjacent areas is consistent with that generated by main shock. The rupture of aftershock is generally inherited from main shock. The displacement generated by aftershocks is up to an order of centimeter and can be measured by GPS sites nearby. So when we use geodetic data measured after earthquake to study the geophysical problems such as crustal viscosity structure, afterslip distribution, etc., only the displacement field generated by aftershocks considered, can uncertainty be reduced to minimum and realistic result be obtained.展开更多
Using a time series method that combines both the persistent scatterer and small baseline approaches, we analyzed 9 scenes Envisat ASAR data over the L'Aquila earthquake, and obtained a Shocke's displacement field a...Using a time series method that combines both the persistent scatterer and small baseline approaches, we analyzed 9 scenes Envisat ASAR data over the L'Aquila earthquake, and obtained a Shocke's displacement field and its evolution processes. The results show that: (1) Envisat ASAR clearly detected the whole processes of displacement field of the L'Aquila earthquake, and distinct variations at different stages of the displacement field. (2) Preseismic creep displacement → displacement mutation when faulting → constantly slowed down after the earthquake. (3) The area of the strongest deformation and ground rupture was a low-lying oval depression region to the southeast. Surface faulting within a zone of about 22 km× 14 km, with an orientation of 135°, occurred along the NW-striking and SW-dipping Paganica-S. Demetrio normal fault. (4) In analyzing an area of about 54 km x 59 km, bounded by north-south axis to the epicenter, the displacement field has significant characteristics of a watershed: westward of the epicenter shows uplift with maximum of 130 mm in line-of-sight (LOS), and east of the epicenter was a region with 220 mm of maximum subsidence in the LOS, concentrating on the rupture zone, the majority of which formed in the course of faulting and subsequence.展开更多
The change rules of displacement field characteristics of coal seam and tun-nel's surrounding rock were obtained by means of numerical simulation-FLAC3D and siteobservation,and according to engineering geology and...The change rules of displacement field characteristics of coal seam and tun-nel's surrounding rock were obtained by means of numerical simulation-FLAC3D and siteobservation,and according to engineering geology and exploitation technology of 1151(3)fully mechanized top coal caving(FMTC)face in Xieqiao colliery.The research's resultsshow that the top coal displacement on the top of FMTC face is apparently larger thanthose of the middle and the bottom,the top coal begins to move in the front of the face'swall,and the sub-level top coal-rock moves ahead of the low-level top coal-rock,the verti-cal displacement of top coal-rock increases gradually as the decreasing of distance to face.Top coal and overlying strata in vertical direction are always in compressed state in thefront of face,then the top coal begins to separate from the overlying strata at the upside offace.The support loading at face is mainly the deformation pressure due to top coal andmain roof's movement,and it is not suitable for the FMTC face with traditional support de-sign.Surrounding rock movement of the face is of near-field effect,the surrounding rockdeformation is acute greatly near to the face,the ideas of supporting design for the tailen-try and headentry should be changed from loading control to deformation control.展开更多
In order to effectively control the stress and distortion which produced in welding process, the dynamic change laws of displacement field is the most important factor. The characteristics of the welding dynamic displ...In order to effectively control the stress and distortion which produced in welding process, the dynamic change laws of displacement field is the most important factor. The characteristics of the welding dynamic displacement field is high temperature, high strain velocity, thus ordinary methods such as resistance strain gauge or Moiré method can not be used for the measurement of the zone of high temperature. Speckle interference method has the merits of non-contact, resistance to the disturbance of impure lights, high accuracy of measurement (half of wavelength).The paper represents the measurement of dynamic displacement field of argon-arcspot welding, by which it shows that the method of speckle interference is feasible for the measurement of welding dynamic displacement.展开更多
The quantitative characterization of the full-field stress and displacement is significant for analyzing the failure and instability of engineering materials.Various optical measurement techniques such as photoelastic...The quantitative characterization of the full-field stress and displacement is significant for analyzing the failure and instability of engineering materials.Various optical measurement techniques such as photoelasticity,moiréand digital image correlation methods have been developed to achieve this goal.However,these methods are difficult to incorporate to determine the stress and displacement fields simultaneously because the tested models must contain particles and grating for displacement measurement;however,these elements will disturb the light passing through the tested models using photoelasticity.In this study,by combining photoelasticity and the sampling moirémethod,we developed a method to determine the stress and displacement fields simultaneously in a three-dimensional(3D)-printed photoelastic model with orthogonal grating.Then,the full-field stress was determined by analyzing 10 photoelastic patterns,and the displacement fields were calculated using the sampling moirémethod.The results indicate that the developed method can simultaneously determine the stress and displacement fields.展开更多
A novel micro-emulsion was prepared by mixing an oil-soluble viscosity reducer,which was screened to aim at improving the heavy oil properties of Shengli oilfield with water-soluble surfactant and co-surfactant.The st...A novel micro-emulsion was prepared by mixing an oil-soluble viscosity reducer,which was screened to aim at improving the heavy oil properties of Shengli oilfield with water-soluble surfactant and co-surfactant.The static viscosity reduction and oil washing performance of the micro-emulsion were investigated,and the field application of the microemulsion used as heavy oil displacement agent was also reported.Results showed that the micro-emulsion exhibited excellent viscosity reduction performance for the studied heavy oil samples.When heavy oil was mixed with 0.5%of the micro-emulsion,a stable oil-in-water heavy oil emulsion could be formed.After the content of the micro-emulsion was increased to 3.0%,the oil removing rate reached up to 80%.Field application of the micro-emulsion to the Pai-601-Ping-115 well and the Pai-601-Ping-123 well was shown to be effective by increasing the periodic oil production up to 203 tons.展开更多
In this work,the vertical deformation,horizontal displacement,and stress fields of arcuate tectonics are theoretically derived from the horizontal tectonic stress; then the characteristics of tectonic movement,seismic...In this work,the vertical deformation,horizontal displacement,and stress fields of arcuate tectonics are theoretically derived from the horizontal tectonic stress; then the characteristics of tectonic movement,seismicity,and focal mechanism of arcuate tectonics of the entire world are explained.It is pointed out that the island arc and other arcuate tectonics are gradually developed under the displacement and stress fields of the arcuate tectonics and that the under-thrusting action of the ocean plate is secondary.The distance formulas between the volcanic arc and the trench are suggested and also that theoretical results are consistent with actual data.展开更多
Steam injection is a most effective way for improving heavy oil recovery efficiency, and it has academic and practical significance for the mechanism of multi-field synergy oil displacement. Mechanism of “diversified...Steam injection is a most effective way for improving heavy oil recovery efficiency, and it has academic and practical significance for the mechanism of multi-field synergy oil displacement. Mechanism of “diversified” oil displacement which is obtained by traditional study methods in the exploitation territory of oil and gas fields has both respective roles and mutual cross shortages. To describe and analyze the displacement process of multi-field coupling with exergy transfer can simplify this kind of problem by introducing a unified goal-driving exergy. It needs to use the method of theoretical modeling, numerical simulation and experimental validation to study the basic law of exergy transfer in the oil displacement process of multi-field synergy, make a thorough research for the flooding process of steam injection with exergy transfer theory and reveal the oil displacement mechanism in steam injection of multi-field synergy. Thus the theory instruction and technical support can be provided to improve reservoirs producing degree and extraction ratio.展开更多
This paper presents a field based method to deal with the displacement of building cluster, which is driven by the street widening. The compress of street boundary results in the force to push the building moving insi...This paper presents a field based method to deal with the displacement of building cluster, which is driven by the street widening. The compress of street boundary results in the force to push the building moving inside and the force propagation is a decay process. To describe the phenomenon above, the field theory is introduced with the representation model of isoline. On the basis of the skeleton of Delaunay triangulation, the displacement field is built in which the propagation force is related to the adjacency degree with respect to the street boundary. The study offers the computation of displacement direction and offset distance for the building displacement. The vector operation is performed on the basis of grade and other field concepts.展开更多
Tsinghai-Tibet Plateau becomes an important research topic ofglobal tectonics, because of its marvelous thickness and rapiduplifting since Quaternary. By using finite element method, thenumerical simulation is carried...Tsinghai-Tibet Plateau becomes an important research topic ofglobal tectonics, because of its marvelous thickness and rapiduplifting since Quaternary. By using finite element method, thenumerical simulation is carried out for the movement of structurallithosphere. The deformable elements are employed to simulatestructural zones, and the frictional mechanism is introduced toillustrate the characteristic of a zone with a contact crack surface.The boundary conditions are prescribed by the displacements aroundthe pla- teau.展开更多
Decomposing co-seismic deformation is an immediate need for researchers who are interested in earthquake inversion analysis and geo-hazard mapping. However, conventional InSAR or digital elevation models (DEMs) imag...Decomposing co-seismic deformation is an immediate need for researchers who are interested in earthquake inversion analysis and geo-hazard mapping. However, conventional InSAR or digital elevation models (DEMs) imagery analyses only provide the displacement in the Line-of-Sight (LOS) direction or elevation changes. The 2004 Mid-Niigata earthquake in Japan provides lessons on how to decompose co-seismic deformation from two sets of DEMs. If three adjacent points undergo a rigid-body-translation movement, their co-seismic deformation can be decomposed by solving simultaneous equations. Although this method has been successfully used to discuss tectonic deformations, the algorithm needed improvement and a more rigorous algorithm, including a new definition of nominal plane, DEMs comparability improvement and matrix condition check is provided. Even with these procedures, the obtained decomposed displacement often showed remarkable scatter prompting the use of the moving average method, which was used to determine both tectonic and localized displacement characteristics. A cut-off window and a pair of band-pass windows were selected according to the regional geology and construction activities to ease the tectonic and localized displacement calculations, respectively. The displacement field of the tectonic scale shows two major clusters of large lateral components, and coincidently major visible landslides were found mostly within them. The localized displacement helps to reveal hidden landslides in the target area. As far as the Kizawa hamlet is concerned, the obtained vectors show down-slope movements, which are consistent with the observed traces of dislocations that were found in the Kizawa tunnel and irrigation wells. The method proposed has great potential to be applied to understanding post-earthquake rehabilitation in other areas.展开更多
基金supported by the Sinoprobe Deep Exploration in China(SinoProbe-07)research funds of the Institute of Geomechanics,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(Grant No.DZLXJK201105)National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(Grant No.2008CB425702)
文摘The variation of in situ stress before and after earthquakes is an issue studied by geologists. In this paper, on the basis of the fault slip dislocation model of Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, the changes of co-seismic displacement and the distribution functions of stress tensor around the Longmen Shan fault zone are calculated. The results show that the co-seismic maximum surface displacement is 4.9 m in the horizontal direction and 6.5 m in the vertical direction, which is almost consistent with the on-site survey and GPS observations. The co-seismic maximum horizontal stress in the hanging wall and footwall decreased sharply as the distance from the Longmen Shan fault zone increased. However, the vertical stress and minimum horizontal stress increased in the footwall and in some areas of the hanging wall. The study of the co-seismic displacement and stress was mainly focused on the long and narrow region along the Longmen Shan fault zone, which coincides with the distribution of the earthquake aftershocks. Therefore, the co-seismic stress only affects the aftershocks, and does not affect distant faults and seismic activities. The results are almost consistent with in situ stress measurements at the two sites before and after Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake. Along the fault plane, the co-seismic shear stress in the dip direction is larger than that in the strike direction, which indicates that the faulting mechanism of the Longmen Shan fault zone is a dominant thrust with minor strike-slipping. The results can be used as a reference value for future studies of earthquake mechanisms.
文摘An earthquake of Ms 8 struck Wenchuan County, western Sichuan, China, on May 12^th, 2008 and resulted in long surface ruptures (〉300 km). The first-hand observations about the surface ruptures produced by the earthquake in the worst-hit areas of Yingxiu, Beichuan and Qingchuan, ascertained that the causative structure of the earthquake was in the central fault zones of the Longmenshan tectonic belt. Average co-seismic vertical displacements along the individual fault of the Yingxiu-Beiehuan rupture zone reach 2.514 m and the cumulative vertical displacements across the central and frontal Longmenshan fault belt is about 5-6 m. The surface rupture strength was reduced from north of Beichuan to Qingchuan County and shows 2-3 m dextral strike-slip component. The Wenchuan thrust-faulting earthquake is a manifestation of eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau under the action of continuous convergence of the Indian and Eurasian continents.
基金Sponsored by the National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program (Grant No. 2006BAJ18B05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50778057)+1 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. NCET-06-0340)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20060213002)
文摘In order to study the damage mechanism of asphalt mixture,it is important to obtain the distribution of displacement and strain of its sample in the indirect tension mode.As a result,the digital image correlation method (DICM) was used to evaluate the displacement field and strain field of asphalt mixture.The results showed that the displacement fields under DICM and ABAQUS are similarly;the strain fields are different due to the different modulus of mastic and aggregate;and DICM is an practical method to study the indirect tension displacement and stain.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 11872139)the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11732004 and 11821202)Program for Changjiang Scholars, Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT)
文摘The recently developed data-driven approach can establish the material law for nonlinear elastic composite materials(especially newly developed materials)by the generated stress-strain data under different loading paths(Computational Mechanics,2019).Generally,the displacement(or strain)fields can be obtained relatively easier using digital image correlation(DIC)technique experimentally,but the stress field is hard to be measured.This situation limits the applicability of the proposed data-driven approach.In this paper,a method based on artificial neural network(ANN)to identify stress fields and further obtain the material law of nonlinear elastic materials is presented,which can make the proposed data-driven approach more practical.A numerical example is given to prove the validity of the method.The limitations of the proposed approach are also discussed.
基金Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation (101105)
文摘Based on the three-dimensional ela stic inclusion model proposed by Dobrovolskii, we developed a three-dimensional rheologic inclusion model and theory to study the earthquake preparation process. By using correspondence principle in the theory of rheologic mechanics, we derived the analytic expression of the viscoelas-tic displacement at an arbitrary point (x, y, z) in three directions of x, y and z-axes (i. e., U(r, t), V*(r, t) and W(r, t)) produced by a three-dimension inclusion in the semi-infinite rheologic medium defined by the standard linear rheologic model.
基金the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41630643)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1501302)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(No.CUGCJ1701,1810491A26)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M642952)the Postdoctoral International Exchange Program.
文摘A field monitoring system was established in an active river bank landslide in the Three Gorges area, China, and a consecutive monitoring for about 5 years were conducted to understand the displacement characteristics of flexible piles and the surrounding soil. It was found that piles deformed elastically under reservoir operation, and the soil in front of piles was gradually separated from piles. The movement of the pile heads exceeded that of the soil between and behind piles. This phenomenon was further studied by a large-scale physical model test to gain insights into the pile-soil interaction. The displacement relationship between pile heads and the surrounding soil is in good agreement with the field data. The physical model test shows that the deformation process of pile-reinforced landslides can be divided into two stages: firstly, when the piles head movement exceeds soil movement, the soil arching is mainly affected by the deflection of the piles, the arches between and behind piles bent upwards;but when the soil movement exceeds piles head movement, the arches near the upslope and downslope bent downwards and upwards, respectively. Furthermore, the different deformation of two adjacent piles and the pile stiffness influenced the arch’s shape and formation;the flexible piles exhibit great coordinated deformation with the landslide, and caused the soil arch on the downslope.
基金supported by the Director Foundation of Institute of Seismology,CEA( IS201056088)
文摘Based on dislocation theory of 0kada, we adopted a finite-element fault model inverted by Gavin Hayes from seismic data for the 2011 Japan Mw9.0 earthquake, and obtained the corresponding surface displacement and strain fields. The calculated displacement field is consistent with the observed GPS results in the trend of changes. Also the surface displacement and strain fields both show large variations in space.
基金Project(2010G003-F)supported by Technological Research and Development Programs of the Ministry of Railways,China
文摘Based on back analysis of lateral displacements measured in situ by using the analytical solution, a useful method for estimating stress concentration ratio of geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported(GRPS) embankments was proposed. In order to validate the proposed method, a full-scale high-speed railway embankment(HSRE) with four instrumented subsections over medium compressibility silty clay was constructed in three stages. The soil profile, construction procedure and monitoring of settlements and lateral displacements of the four test sections were described. The field deformation analysis results show that 1) the combined reinforcement of CFG piles and geosynthetic layer perform well in terms of reducing lateral displacements; 2) the development of lateral displacements lags behind the increase of fill load, which can be attributed to the vertical load transfer mechanism of the pile foundation; and 3) pile length has a dominant effect on the stress distribution proportion between piles and surrounding soils. The comparison between predicted and experimental results suggests that the proposed analytical solution and the back analysis-based method are capable of reasonably estimating the lateral deformation and the stress concentration ratio, respectively, if the appropriate soil elastic modulus is chosen.
基金The project supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘This paper presents the application of Moire interferometry in measuring the displacement and strain field at notch-tip and crack-tip before and after crack propagation.The experiment is carried out using a three point bending beam with a notch.The N_x and N_y fringe patterns representing displacement field,and the ΔN_x/Δx and ΔN_y/Δy fringe patterns representing the strain field are obtained.The sensitivity of the meas- ured displacement is 0.417μm per fringe order.The displacement and strain distribution along the section x=0 have been worked out according to N_x and N_y fringe patterns.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (40374012) and National Basic Key Project (2002CCA04500).
文摘The displacement field generated by aftershocks in Landers earthquake fault zone and its adjacent areas is calculated in this study. The result is compared with the displacement field of the main shock calculated by co-seismic slip model of Wald and Heaton (1994). The result shows that the direction of displacement generated by aftershocks in Landers seismic fault plane and its adjacent areas is consistent with that generated by main shock. The rupture of aftershock is generally inherited from main shock. The displacement generated by aftershocks is up to an order of centimeter and can be measured by GPS sites nearby. So when we use geodetic data measured after earthquake to study the geophysical problems such as crustal viscosity structure, afterslip distribution, etc., only the displacement field generated by aftershocks considered, can uncertainty be reduced to minimum and realistic result be obtained.
基金supported by Director Foundation of the Institute of Seismology,China Earthquake Administration(IS201266111)the Seism Science &Technology Spark Program of China Earthquake Administration(XH13036)Earthquake Industry Research Special Project(201308009)
文摘Using a time series method that combines both the persistent scatterer and small baseline approaches, we analyzed 9 scenes Envisat ASAR data over the L'Aquila earthquake, and obtained a Shocke's displacement field and its evolution processes. The results show that: (1) Envisat ASAR clearly detected the whole processes of displacement field of the L'Aquila earthquake, and distinct variations at different stages of the displacement field. (2) Preseismic creep displacement → displacement mutation when faulting → constantly slowed down after the earthquake. (3) The area of the strongest deformation and ground rupture was a low-lying oval depression region to the southeast. Surface faulting within a zone of about 22 km× 14 km, with an orientation of 135°, occurred along the NW-striking and SW-dipping Paganica-S. Demetrio normal fault. (4) In analyzing an area of about 54 km x 59 km, bounded by north-south axis to the epicenter, the displacement field has significant characteristics of a watershed: westward of the epicenter shows uplift with maximum of 130 mm in line-of-sight (LOS), and east of the epicenter was a region with 220 mm of maximum subsidence in the LOS, concentrating on the rupture zone, the majority of which formed in the course of faulting and subsequence.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(50674003)National Basic Research Program(973)
文摘The change rules of displacement field characteristics of coal seam and tun-nel's surrounding rock were obtained by means of numerical simulation-FLAC3D and siteobservation,and according to engineering geology and exploitation technology of 1151(3)fully mechanized top coal caving(FMTC)face in Xieqiao colliery.The research's resultsshow that the top coal displacement on the top of FMTC face is apparently larger thanthose of the middle and the bottom,the top coal begins to move in the front of the face'swall,and the sub-level top coal-rock moves ahead of the low-level top coal-rock,the verti-cal displacement of top coal-rock increases gradually as the decreasing of distance to face.Top coal and overlying strata in vertical direction are always in compressed state in thefront of face,then the top coal begins to separate from the overlying strata at the upside offace.The support loading at face is mainly the deformation pressure due to top coal andmain roof's movement,and it is not suitable for the FMTC face with traditional support de-sign.Surrounding rock movement of the face is of near-field effect,the surrounding rockdeformation is acute greatly near to the face,the ideas of supporting design for the tailen-try and headentry should be changed from loading control to deformation control.
文摘In order to effectively control the stress and distortion which produced in welding process, the dynamic change laws of displacement field is the most important factor. The characteristics of the welding dynamic displacement field is high temperature, high strain velocity, thus ordinary methods such as resistance strain gauge or Moiré method can not be used for the measurement of the zone of high temperature. Speckle interference method has the merits of non-contact, resistance to the disturbance of impure lights, high accuracy of measurement (half of wavelength).The paper represents the measurement of dynamic displacement field of argon-arcspot welding, by which it shows that the method of speckle interference is feasible for the measurement of welding dynamic displacement.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52004137,52121003,51727807,12032013 and 11972209)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2022XJAQ01)。
文摘The quantitative characterization of the full-field stress and displacement is significant for analyzing the failure and instability of engineering materials.Various optical measurement techniques such as photoelasticity,moiréand digital image correlation methods have been developed to achieve this goal.However,these methods are difficult to incorporate to determine the stress and displacement fields simultaneously because the tested models must contain particles and grating for displacement measurement;however,these elements will disturb the light passing through the tested models using photoelasticity.In this study,by combining photoelasticity and the sampling moirémethod,we developed a method to determine the stress and displacement fields simultaneously in a three-dimensional(3D)-printed photoelastic model with orthogonal grating.Then,the full-field stress was determined by analyzing 10 photoelastic patterns,and the displacement fields were calculated using the sampling moirémethod.The results indicate that the developed method can simultaneously determine the stress and displacement fields.
基金This work was supported by the 13th Fiveyear Plan National Key Project of China(No.2016ZX05011-003-004 and No.2017ZX05049-003-008).
文摘A novel micro-emulsion was prepared by mixing an oil-soluble viscosity reducer,which was screened to aim at improving the heavy oil properties of Shengli oilfield with water-soluble surfactant and co-surfactant.The static viscosity reduction and oil washing performance of the micro-emulsion were investigated,and the field application of the microemulsion used as heavy oil displacement agent was also reported.Results showed that the micro-emulsion exhibited excellent viscosity reduction performance for the studied heavy oil samples.When heavy oil was mixed with 0.5%of the micro-emulsion,a stable oil-in-water heavy oil emulsion could be formed.After the content of the micro-emulsion was increased to 3.0%,the oil removing rate reached up to 80%.Field application of the micro-emulsion to the Pai-601-Ping-115 well and the Pai-601-Ping-123 well was shown to be effective by increasing the periodic oil production up to 203 tons.
文摘In this work,the vertical deformation,horizontal displacement,and stress fields of arcuate tectonics are theoretically derived from the horizontal tectonic stress; then the characteristics of tectonic movement,seismicity,and focal mechanism of arcuate tectonics of the entire world are explained.It is pointed out that the island arc and other arcuate tectonics are gradually developed under the displacement and stress fields of the arcuate tectonics and that the under-thrusting action of the ocean plate is secondary.The distance formulas between the volcanic arc and the trench are suggested and also that theoretical results are consistent with actual data.
文摘Steam injection is a most effective way for improving heavy oil recovery efficiency, and it has academic and practical significance for the mechanism of multi-field synergy oil displacement. Mechanism of “diversified” oil displacement which is obtained by traditional study methods in the exploitation territory of oil and gas fields has both respective roles and mutual cross shortages. To describe and analyze the displacement process of multi-field coupling with exergy transfer can simplify this kind of problem by introducing a unified goal-driving exergy. It needs to use the method of theoretical modeling, numerical simulation and experimental validation to study the basic law of exergy transfer in the oil displacement process of multi-field synergy, make a thorough research for the flooding process of steam injection with exergy transfer theory and reveal the oil displacement mechanism in steam injection of multi-field synergy. Thus the theory instruction and technical support can be provided to improve reservoirs producing degree and extraction ratio.
文摘This paper presents a field based method to deal with the displacement of building cluster, which is driven by the street widening. The compress of street boundary results in the force to push the building moving inside and the force propagation is a decay process. To describe the phenomenon above, the field theory is introduced with the representation model of isoline. On the basis of the skeleton of Delaunay triangulation, the displacement field is built in which the propagation force is related to the adjacency degree with respect to the street boundary. The study offers the computation of displacement direction and offset distance for the building displacement. The vector operation is performed on the basis of grade and other field concepts.
文摘Tsinghai-Tibet Plateau becomes an important research topic ofglobal tectonics, because of its marvelous thickness and rapiduplifting since Quaternary. By using finite element method, thenumerical simulation is carried out for the movement of structurallithosphere. The deformable elements are employed to simulatestructural zones, and the frictional mechanism is introduced toillustrate the characteristic of a zone with a contact crack surface.The boundary conditions are prescribed by the displacements aroundthe pla- teau.
文摘Decomposing co-seismic deformation is an immediate need for researchers who are interested in earthquake inversion analysis and geo-hazard mapping. However, conventional InSAR or digital elevation models (DEMs) imagery analyses only provide the displacement in the Line-of-Sight (LOS) direction or elevation changes. The 2004 Mid-Niigata earthquake in Japan provides lessons on how to decompose co-seismic deformation from two sets of DEMs. If three adjacent points undergo a rigid-body-translation movement, their co-seismic deformation can be decomposed by solving simultaneous equations. Although this method has been successfully used to discuss tectonic deformations, the algorithm needed improvement and a more rigorous algorithm, including a new definition of nominal plane, DEMs comparability improvement and matrix condition check is provided. Even with these procedures, the obtained decomposed displacement often showed remarkable scatter prompting the use of the moving average method, which was used to determine both tectonic and localized displacement characteristics. A cut-off window and a pair of band-pass windows were selected according to the regional geology and construction activities to ease the tectonic and localized displacement calculations, respectively. The displacement field of the tectonic scale shows two major clusters of large lateral components, and coincidently major visible landslides were found mostly within them. The localized displacement helps to reveal hidden landslides in the target area. As far as the Kizawa hamlet is concerned, the obtained vectors show down-slope movements, which are consistent with the observed traces of dislocations that were found in the Kizawa tunnel and irrigation wells. The method proposed has great potential to be applied to understanding post-earthquake rehabilitation in other areas.