Fouling community characteristics in subtropical coastal waters of the southwestern East China Sea

A fouling study was conducted in coastal waters southwest of the East China Sea between December 2013 and November 2014. A total of 84 species of fouling organisms belonging to 69 genera, 49 families, and 10 phyla were recorded over the entire year. The community composition was dominated by coastal warm-water species belonging to typical subtropical inner bay communities. The prosperous stage of settlement lasted from April to September, and the adhesion strength of the fouling organisms was the highest in summer. Sessile suspension feeders constituted the main core of settlement for the fouling community. Amphibalanus reticulatus was the most dominant and representative species of fouling organism, and other dominant species included Caprella equilibra, Ectopleura crocea, Anthopleura nigrescens, Stylochus ijimai, Spirobranchus kraussii, Crassostrea angulata, Perna viridis, Jassa falcata, Stenothoe valida, Sphaerozius nitidus, and Biflustra grandicella. The individuals in the fouling community showed a mutual dependence or constraint relationship due to competition for settlement space and food, and they exhibited a particular spatiotemporal distribution in accordance with adaptation to environmental factors. Temperature was the most important environmental factor determining the geographic distribution of fouling organisms. The temperature characteristics of species essentially reflect the differences in the fouling community composition in various climate zones. The species number, settlement stage, and settlement rate of fouling organisms are closely related to water temperature. Local natural environmental conditions（salinity, water currents, light, etc.） as well as human activity（such as aquaculture production） are all important factors affecting the settlement of fouling organisms.

Distribution of Dissolved Inorganic Arsenic and Its Seasonal Variations in the Coastal Area of the East China Sea

Water samples were collected in the coastal area of the Changjiang Estuary on four cruises from August 2002 to May 2003. The seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic arsenic （DIAs） distributions were analyzed. The results showed that the distributions of DIAs were mainly influenced by Water （KSSW）. The concentration of the total dissolved the terrestrial input and the intrusion of the Kuroshio Subsurface inorganic arsenic （TDIAs） decreased consecutively from winter to summer, while it increased in autumn. The distributions of TDIAs showed some relationships with salinity and suspended particulate matter （SPM）. The relationships between DIAs speciation （including arsenite [ As（ Ⅲ ） ] and arsenate [ As（ Ⅴ ） ]）, biological activity and the availabilities of the phosphate were investigated in the study area for the cruise August 2002. The ratio of As （Ⅲ）/TDIAs increased with the decrease of phosphate concentrations. In the bottom water, the As（ Ⅲ ）/TDIAs ratio decreased with the increasing of N/P. The concentration of TDIAs decreased 28.7% approximately after the occurrence of harmful algal blooms （HAB） because of the uptake of arsenate by algae. Further study is needed about the arsenic source/sink relationships in their vertical or horizontal profiles and the uptake mechanism during the occurrence of harmful algal blooms.

Study on interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshio water in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea

The main processes of interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshio water in the Huanghai Sea (HS) and East China Sea (ECS) are analyzed based on the observation and study results in recent years. These processes include the intrusion of the Kuroshio water into the shelf area of the ECS, the entrainment of the shelf water into the Kuroshio, the seasonal process in the southern shelf area of the ECS controlled alternatively by the Taiwan Strait water and the Kuroshio water intruding into the shelf area, the interaction between the Kuroshio branch water, shelf mixed water and modified coastal water in the northeastern ECS, the water-exchange between the HS and ECS and the spread of the Changjiang diluted water.

Distribution and Characteristics of Hazardous Geological Features in the Marine Coastal and Offshore Areas of Zhejiang Province, East China Sea

Newly acquired high-resolution shallow seismic profiles(7069 km in length) in the coastal and offshore areas of Zhejiang Province, East China Sea, China, have revealed eight marine hazardous geological features: shallow gas, sand ridges, erosion ditches, scarps, irregular bedrock features, underwater shoals, buried paleo-channels, and submarine deltas. Based on the seismic profiles, we have constructed a marine geological map of these hazardous features. Shallow gas accumulations are common and occur mainly in two separate nearshore regions that cover 4613 and 3382 km^2 respectively. There are also scattered shallow gas accumulations in the offshore area, typically accompanied by paleo-channels that occur mainly in the middle of the study area. Sand ridges, erosion ditches, scarps, and irregular bedrock features are found mainly in the northeast of the study area in association with each other. In the southeastern part of the study area, the sand ridges have a linear form and trend NW–SE, representing the western part of the linear sand ridges in the East China Sea. The maximum slope gradient is 1?, which suggests that this area is prone to landslides. These hazardous marine geological features are important to marine and engineering activities in this region.

Analysis of Cu,Co,V and Zn in Coastal Waters of the East China Sea by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS)

In this study, a simple method for the simultaneous determination of trace metals(Cu, V, Co, Zn) in coastal seawater using the Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was developed. This multi-element method enables the simultaneous extraction of four metals, particularly Co and V. The recoveries of Cu, Co, V and Zn after Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation were 73%, 96%, 94% and 92%, which means that our procedure was well-suited to the determination of these four trace metals. The detection limits were 3.81, 0.18, 6.09 and 1.91 nmol L-1, respectively. Then, applying this method to the simultaneous determination of these four metals in coastal water samples from the East China Sea revealed that the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Co and V were higher in bottom waters compared to water at other depths, and higher concentrations were generally observed at the Yangtze River estuary. Additionally, example vertical profiles of dissolved trace metal concentrations for the East China Sea in spring and autumn are compared. These findings indicate that Zn had the greatest seasonal variation followed by Cu, V and Co. For Zn and Co, the concentrations were higher during spring than during autumn. For Cu and V, the seasonal variation in the concentrations was opposite.

2001-2020年东海区大陆海岸带复合生态系统韧性时空演变

海岸带是自然、社会、经济相互作用频繁的地区,然而,过度开发胁迫海岸带生态环境退化。海岸带复合生态系统韧性研究有利于实现精准有效的生态保护。本文综合多源数据从复合生态系统基底状态、社会经济发展与资源环境禀赋的耦合协调关系、复合生态系统的可持续发展潜力、人类活动对环境的影响范围与强度方面构建评价体系,定量评估2001-2020年东海区大陆海岸带复合生态系统韧性,分析韧性时空演变特征与空间分异的影响因素。结果表明:(1)2001-2020年东海区大陆海岸带复合生态系统韧性呈波动下降趋势,韧性空间异质性显著,具有明显的海陆梯度地带性。(2)林地是维持区域复合生态系统韧性的主体。(3)反映人类活动分布与强度的因素对复合生态系统韧性的影响越来越大。研究为保护、恢复、促进海岸带复合生态系统可持续利用与管理提供了理论支持与实践参考。

基于土地利用变化的东海区大陆海岸带生境质量时空演变研究

人类活动对生态环境的影响主要表现为土地利用方式的变化。土地利用变化影响下的生境质量时空格局演变,对优化区域国土生态布局具有重要意义。利用DEM数据、气象数据、社会经济数据与1980、1990、2000、2010、2018年5期土地利用数据,通过InVEST模型、景观格局指数、地理探测器评估、描述、分析东海区大陆海岸带生境质量时空演变特征。结果表明:(1)1980—2018年东海区大陆海岸带陆地面积增加,土地利用中林地所占比重最大,耕地、建设用地面积变化最明显,2000—2010年土地利用转化最显著。土地变化北部大于南部、东侧大于西侧。(2)1980—2018年生境质量均值为0.75,总体生境质量较好,但呈下降趋势,2000—2010年生境质量下降最明显,2010年后下降速度减缓。生境质量斑块趋于破碎化、多样化、均匀化。(3)生境质量总体上从沿海向内陆下降,受岸线性质与围垦影响,北部生境质量由陆向海退化,南部生境退化沿海向陆推进。低等生境质量区呈现点—面—带的扩张趋势。(4)建设用地指数、高程、夜间灯光亮度、土壤类型、坡度为影响生境质量分布的主要因素,38年间主导因素由高程变为建设用地指数。自然因素奠定了生境质量的梯级分布格局、人类活动的位置与强度推动了生境质量的演化。

东海丽水凹陷始新统温州组浪控三角洲-浊积扇沉积特征及沉积模式

东海陆架盆地丽水凹陷是重要的油气勘探区。为了加快浅层始新统温州组岩性圈闭勘探,利用新采集的三维地震、地质资料,运用层序地层学理论方法,对温州组进行层序地层划分,将其划分为SQ1、SQ2、SQ3共3个三级层序,其中,SQ1发育典型的低位、海侵和高位体系域,SQ2仅发育海侵和高位体系域。各体系域地震反射终止关系和地震相差异明显。本次研究重点是对SQ1低位域沉积平面展布特征进行刻画。SQ1低位域发育浪控三角洲-浊积扇沉积体系,沉积微相以三角洲前缘滨岸砂坝和薄层灰岩浅滩为主,垂向叠置样式以进积为主。根据浪控三角洲和浊积扇的沉积特征,建立了温州组SQ1低位域浪控三角洲-浊积扇沉积模式。本次研究厘清了低位域三角洲-浊积扇沉积体系的展布特征和形成机制,以期为在始新统温州组寻找岩性圈闭提供参考。

Coastal seafloor observatory at Xiaoqushan in the East China Sea

The seafloor observation system is becoming an important infrastructure for marine research because it is transforming oceanic research from temporal investigation to long term observation.The East China Sea coastal seafloor observatory,located between 30°31′44″N,122°15′12″E and 30°31′34″N,122°14′40″E,is constructed near the Xiaoqushan Island outside the Hangzhou Bay on the inner continental shelf of the East China Sea.The observatory is connected by a submarine optical fiber composite power cable that is more than one kilometer long and consists of a special junction box that transmits power and communication signals to different instruments.The special junction box has a variety of waterproof plugs and connects to three different instruments installed in a trawl preventer.The submarine optical fiber composite power cable is landed on the platform by The East China Sea Branch,State Oceanic Administration and the power is continuously supplied by the solar panels and solar battery on the top of the platform.The real time data are directly sent through the cable to the platform and are transmitted by CDMA wireless to the receiver at the State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology of Tongji University.Measurements at the observatory have been taken since April 20,2009 after installation and the results have been interpreted.The characteristics of the near bottom boundary are constrained by a sediment suspension model using portion of the observed data.In particular,discussion is provided on the sea surface height anomaly at Xiaoqushan Island influenced by the tsunami driven by the 2010 Earthquake in Chile.The successful establishment of the coastal seafloor observatory is the first step toward future development of seafloor observation systems in China.It not only accumulates experiences in technology and engineering,but also paves the way for performing important oceanic research using the long term continuous observation platform.

东海近岸沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物的分布研究

研究了东海近岸沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物（AVS）的水平分布和垂直分布。由于该区域水深较浅、水的垂直交换带来的氧的补充,表层沉积物中AVS的含量较低,大部分站位低于检出限。而对于AVS的垂直分布,其含量范围为0～5.82μmol/g。不同站位检出AVS的深度不同,这主要是由有机质含量和沉积物的孔隙度控制的,高有机质含量和低孔隙度将有利于AVS的生成。从可检测到AVS的层次以深,AVS含量基本随深度增加,呈现出较稳定的沉积状态。通过与不同沉积环境的AVS的测定结果进行比较发现,不同沉积环境下AVS的含量存在一定差异,研究区域AVS的含量与珠江口附近沉积物相近。

东海和黄海南部近岸海域小黄鱼稚幼鱼耳石元素指纹特征分析

采用LA-ICP-MS分析技术对东海和黄海南部近岸五个海域(芦潮港、象山、三门湾、温岭、吕四)小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)稚幼鱼耳石核区元素指纹进行了测定。运用方差分析方法(MANOVA和ANOVA)检验不同海域小黄鱼群体耳石元素比值的差异显著性,采用线性判别分析(LDFA)方法对不同海域的小黄鱼群体进行了群体属性判别,并运用留一交叉验证法(LOOCV)评估了模型的判别成功率。MANOVA分析结果显示,不同采样点小黄鱼耳石核区的元素比值呈极显著差异(Wilk’s Lambda检验,F4,131=28.00,P<0.01)。各元素比值的ANOVA分析结果显示,除了Zn∶Ca呈显著性差异外(P<0.05),Li∶Ca、Mg∶Ca、Mn∶Ca、Sr∶Ca、Na∶Ca和Ba∶Ca呈极显著差异(P<0.01)。判别分析结果显示,小黄鱼群体的总体判别成功率为70.6%,其中吕四小黄鱼群体的判别成功率最高,为86.2%;温岭最低,为58.3%。黄海南部的吕四小黄鱼群体可以与东海几个群体区分开来,而东海的几个小黄鱼群体难以有效区分。本研究的结果表明基于LA-ICP-MS的耳石元素指纹分析技术能够对不同的鱼类群体进行识别研究,具有广泛的应用前景。

基于天气因素的我国登革热流行风险地图

全球变暖的大趋势和不断增加的输入病例被认为是登革热在中国重新出现而且流行范围不断扩大的原因。通过对一些登革热流行地区的天气因素进行分析,了解天气因素与登革热之间的关系。广州、福州和宁波的天气因素被用于交叉相关分析,根据天气和登革热疫情的时间关系,构建了我国登革热流行的气象风险地图。结果显示天气因素对登革热疫情都存在8～10周的延迟影响。我国登革热的高风险地区主要在华南和华东的沿海地区。华南地区经常暴发登革热,华东沿海地区的南部近年来也多次暴发登革热。虽然有些地区还没有登革热流行的记录,但应该加强对输入性病例的监测和管理,防止出现本地流行。

东海沿岸海水表层温度的变化特征及变化趋势

根据东海沿岸引水船、嵊山、大陈、南麂、北礵、平潭、厦门和东山8个海洋观测站的40 a表层海水温度(SST)资料进行了统计与分析.研究结果表明:东海沿岸SST主要受制于太阳辐射,呈南高北低分布,但也不同程度地受到当地地理环境、气候环境、水文环境的影响;SST的年变化具有显著的年周期和半年周期;东海沿岸SST存在多种显著周期的振荡,且南北测站SST的主导振荡有差异;就近40 a的资料而言,东海沿岸的SST总体呈上升趋势,其中冬季上升幅度最大,暖冬是SST总体呈上升趋势的重要因素.

不同成因软土工程地质特性研究——以连云港、南京、吴江、盱眙等地四种典型软土为例

我国东部沿海和长江下游地区,地势低洼,分布广泛有第四系全新统新近沉积的软土,成因类型有滨海相、河漫滩相、湖沼相及间洼地相等软土。该地区软土厚度大、结构松散、高孔隙比,高含水量;其强度低、压缩性大,易产生流动变形。本文以这些不同成因类型的软土为例,针对其矿物成分、粒度成分、物理力学性质及其相关指标之间的关系进行了试验研究和系统分析。研究结果表明软土的成因类型及矿物成分、粒度成分、含水量控制着软土的工程地质性质。

近8ka东亚冬季风变化的东海内陆架泥质沉积记录

尝试从陆架上寻找全新世高分辨率的东亚季风替代性指标和记录.通过对位于东海内陆架闽浙沿岸泥中部的PC-6孔进行AMS14C年龄测试和粒度分析,综合沉积构造、沉积层序与海平面变化讨论该孔的沉积环境,其下、中、上段分别对应于前滨、近滨和与现今环境基本一致的浅海沉积环境.因上段的沉积作用主要受控于东海冬季沿岸流,通过粒级-标准偏差分析,提取了相对应的粒度组分或粒度子体,该组分的平均粒径被用来作为研究东亚冬季风演化的替代性指标.分析表明,由此方法建立的PC-6孔上段粒径时间序列,较完整地反映了近8 ka来东亚古季风的演化.东亚冬季风的变化呈现出3个各具特点的阶段:7.6～5.1 kaB P.为中等强度的高频率波动;5.1～1.7 kaB P.以多期、较频繁的强盛活动为特点;1.7～0 kaB P.为稳定而较弱的时期.由PC-6孔指示的东亚冬季风活动的强盛期,均在不同区域和材料的记录中找到了相对应降温的证据,说明气候变化的区域性以至全球性联系.

中国东部沿海平原第四系层序类型

据渤海湾西岸、长江三角洲地区钻孔资料,确定在构造沉降背景下形成的中国东部沿海平原第四系见两类层序。超过0.10Ma周期的大洪泛事件,分别发生在约2.60、0.8、0.5(?)和0.15Ma前后,相当于层序地层的水进体系域,在天津北部平原系华北盆地北边缘山体周期性隆升,在长江一线是附近低山丘陵周期性隆升的表现,反映沿海平原环境变化对西部构造-气候旋回的响应。MIS5以来沿海出现受全球海面变化控制的3期10ka级海侵,结合海域研究可以确定MIS1期间出现完整的海侵-海退层序,沿海平原10ka开始的全新世沉积为高位体系域,7～10ka基底泥炭作为最大海进面,在下切河谷内可见14C测年早于10ka的泥炭。

东海近海带鱼群体相对资源密度、空间分布及其产卵群体的结构特征

根据2007年5月、2008年5月和6月东海近海渔业资源底拖网调查数据,对该水域带鱼群体的相对资源密度、空间分布及产卵群体的生长特征和繁殖特性进行了初步分析。结果表明,2007年5月、2008年5月和6月带鱼群体的相对资源密度分别为13.07±5.17、14.34±6.64、16.10±6.28kg/h,出现频率均在85%以上,对总渔获量的贡献率分别为63.55%、60.20%、53.77%。东海近海带鱼产卵群体平均肛长为182.62mm,优势肛长为150～200mm;平均体重为102.77g,优势体重为50～110g。雌、雄产卵个体间肛长-体重关系无显著差异(P>0.05),呈等速生长,肛长-体重关系为W=4.520×10-5 L2.795(R2=0.929,n=349)。经χ2检验,带鱼产卵群体♀:♂均大于1,肛长210mm以下,雌性个体占优势,其所占比例随肛长增加而不断变大,雌雄个体的50%性成熟体长分别为164.65、171.65mm。

东海滨海湿地生态环境监测体系建设构想

湿地是地球表层独特而重要的生态系统,在维系地球表层生物多样性和生态平衡方面有重要的作用。在介绍东海滨海湿地的分布和类型的基础上,着重探讨了东海滨海湿地监测的内容、监测指标、监测点选取设立的原则和监测的主要技术手段,提出了建立以东海滨海湿地资源监测中心和滨海湿地监测点为两级构成的东海滨海湿地生态环境监测体系的初步构想。

闽东滨海湿地重金属生态风险评价方法选择与比较研究

重金属污染是当前重点关注的环境问题之一,重金属生态风险评价是污染生态学的有效方法和手段之一。以闽东滨海湿地为例,对比了4种常用重金属风险评估方法在滨海湿地的适用性与优缺点。结果表明,不同方法在闽东滨海湿地风险评价结果上存在差异,其中海洋沉积物质量标准法所得风险高低顺序为Pb=Cd>Cu>Zn,农田>裸滩=养殖场>水域=红树林,而其余3种评估方法得到的风险高低顺序一致,均为Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn,红树林>养殖场>水域>裸滩>农田。但风险评级不同,地累积指数法评价结果风险偏小,潜在生态危害指数法评价结果适中,内梅罗综合指数法则偏重倾向较为严重。4种方法都有自身优缺点和适用范围,但潜在生态危害指数法更适合闽东滨海湿地沉降物重金属风险评价。