Effect of Jianpi Xiaowei Decoction on Gastric Function and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Chronic Atrophic Gastritis of Liver-Stomach Stagnation Heat Type

[Objectives]To observe the effect of Jianpi Xiaowei Decoction on gastric function and quality of life in elderly patients with chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)of liver-stomach heat stagnation type.[Methods]Seventy-two elderly patients with CAG of liver-stomach stagnation-heat type were randomly divided into study group and control group.The two groups were treated with Jianpi Xiaowei Decoction and Rabeprazole Enteric-coated Tablets respectively.The curative effect of TCM syndromes,serum pepsinogen I and II(PG-I and PG-II),gastrin-17(G-17)and quality of life(SF-36 table)scores of gastric function indicators before and after treatment were observed.[Results]After treatment,the total effective rate of the study group was 97.22%(35/36),which was significantly higher than that of the control group 77.78%(28/36)(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no significant difference in the levels of gastric function indicators between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the indicators of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group(t=12.239,6.010,5.928,10.420,P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no significant difference in SF-36 scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the SF-36 scores in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(t=3.520,10.335,11.300,9.693,P<0.05).[Conclusions]Jianpi Xiaowei Decoction can achieve significant curative effect in the treatment of CAG with liver and stomach stagnation heat type in the elderly,and can significantly improve the key gastrointestinal hormone levels and quality of life of elderly patients.It is worthy of promotion in the same clinical cases.

Quality Standard of Tibetan Medicine Nardostachys jatamansi Herba Based on"An Integrated Plant but Multi-purpose"

[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Nardostachys jatamansi Herba.[Methods]The characters and microscopical identification of N.jatamansi Herba were carried out.The contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract were determined according to the relevant methods of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).Using chlorogenic acid and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid as quality control indexes,TLC and HPLC methods were established for qualitative and quantitative determination,and HPLC fingerprints were established.[Results]The characteristics of character identification,microscopic identification and thin layer identification were obvious.The moisture content ranged from 2.7%to 7.8%,with an average value of 5.4%.The total ash content ranged from 6.7%to 16.2%,with an average of 11.0%.The acid-insoluble ash content ranged from 0.7%to 8.5%,with an average of 3.6%.Extractives content ranged from 20.9%to 34.4%,with an average of 29.7%.Chlorogenic acid content was between 0.45%and 1.30%,with an average value of 0.77%.The content of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid ranged from 0.18%to 0.58%,with an average of 0.31%.The similarity of each batch was between 0.930 and 0.994,indicating that the quality of medicinal materials from different producing areas was stable.[Conclusions]The quality standard of N.jatamansi Herba was established,which could provide quality control basis for rational,comprehensive and efficient utilization of N.jatamansi DC.resources and clinical use.

Quality Evaluation of Cardamine macrophylla Willd as an Edible and Medicinal Herb of Tibetan and Qiang Ethnic Groups

[Objectives]To evaluate the quality of Cardamine macrophylla Willd as Tibetan and Qiang medicinal materials,so as to improve its quality standard and evaluate the quality of C.macrophylla Willd in western Sichuan Province.[Methods]C.macrophylla Willd produced from western Sichuan Province was used as the sample,and the contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,extract,total flavonoids and quercetin in the ground part of C.macrophylla Willd were determined in accordance with the methods of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).With the above seven indicators as evaluation indicators,the quality of medicinal materials was comprehensively evaluated by cluster analysis and principal component analysis(PCA).[Results]According to the results of each indicator,the moisture content of C.macrophylla Willd sample should not exceed 11.00%,the total ash content should not exceed 18%,the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 6%,the extract content should not be less than 19%,the total flavone content(calculated by quercetin)should not be less than 2%,and the quercetin content should not be less than 0.15%.[Conclusions]The sample S7 has the best quality and S6 has the worst quality.In this study,the quantitative analysis method of total flavonoids(quercetin)and quercetin in C.macrophylla Willd was established,and the limits of each indicator were preliminarily formulated.

Research of Quality Standards for Stachydrine Hydrochloride in Chinese Medicine TJF Granule

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was applied to the determination of stachydrine hydrochloride concentration in TJF granule (Chinese name: Tiao-Jing-Fang), using a mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) by the Agilent Kromasi NH2 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, S/N: 22N25110). Detection wavelength was 201 nm. The result revealed good linearity of stachydrine hydrochloride and was obtained within the range of 0.20 - 1.98 μg/mL (R = 0.9995). The average recovery was 97.01%;the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.19%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report dedicated to the determination of stachydrine hydrochloride by the evaporative light scattering detector-high-performance liquid chromatographic (ELSD-HPLC) method.

Intelligent Biometric Information Management

We advance here a novel methodology for robust intelligent biometric information management with inferences and predictions made using randomness and complexity concepts. Intelligence refers to learning, adap- tation, and functionality, and robustness refers to the ability to handle incomplete and/or corrupt adversarial information, on one side, and image and or device variability, on the other side. The proposed methodology is model-free and non-parametric. It draws support from discriminative methods using likelihood ratios to link at the conceptual level biometrics and forensics. It further links, at the modeling and implementation level, the Bayesian framework, statistical learning theory (SLT) using transduction and semi-supervised lea- rning, and Information Theory (IY) using mutual information. The key concepts supporting the proposed methodology are a) local estimation to facilitate learning and prediction using both labeled and unlabeled data;b) similarity metrics using regularity of patterns, randomness deficiency, and Kolmogorov complexity (similar to MDL) using strangeness/typicality and ranking p-values;and c) the Cover – Hart theorem on the asymptotical performance of k-nearest neighbors approaching the optimal Bayes error. Several topics on biometric inference and prediction related to 1) multi-level and multi-layer data fusion including quality and multi-modal biometrics;2) score normalization and revision theory;3) face selection and tracking;and 4) identity management, are described here using an integrated approach that includes transduction and boosting for ranking and sequential fusion/aggregation, respectively, on one side, and active learning and change/ outlier/intrusion detection realized using information gain and martingale, respectively, on the other side. The methodology proposed can be mapped to additional types of information beyond biometrics.

Color and Gloss Changes of a Lignin-Based Polyurethane Coating under Accelerated Weathering

The purpose of this research study was to investigate the properties of polyurethane coatings based on lignin nano-particles.For this purpose,the prepared coatings were applied to pine wood surfaces and weathered artificially.Subsequently,color and gloss of the coatings were measured before and after the weathering test.Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)micrographs prepared from the coatings showed that the average size of nano-particles in the polyurethane substrate was approximately 500 nm.Nuclear magnetic resonance(13C-NMR)spectroscopy showed that strong urethane bonds were formed in the nano-lignin-based polyurethane.Differential calorimetric analysis(DSC)test revealed that the glass-transition temperature(Tg)of lignin nanoparticles modified with diethylenetriamine(DETA)was 112.8℃ and Tg of lignin nano-particles modified with ethylenediamine(EDA)was 102.5℃,which is lower than the Tg of un-modified lignin(114.6℃)and lignin modified with DETA(126.8℃)and lignin modified with EDA(131.3℃).The coatings modified with lignin nano-particles had a greater change in gloss.The lignin nano-particles in the modified coating are trapping hydroxyl radicals which reduces photoactivity and yellowing of the polyurethane by about 3 times compared to unmodified polyurethane coatings.After weathering test,the nano-lignin-based coating had a rougher surface with a lower contact angle(0.78°)compared to the unmodified polyurethane coating(0.85°).

Relationship among Health Related Quality of Life, Quality of Sleep, and Oral Health Condition

Japan’s aging rate (ratio of elderly aged 65 and older to total population) has exceeded 20%. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between Health Related Quality of Life, Body Mass Index (BMI), and sleep quality. Subjects were 51 adults over 55 years old with chronic disease who living in the community. Instruments and structured interviews were used giving due consideration to privacy. Interviews were conducted within 10 - 20 minutes at the out-patient department. The evaluation instruments included bodymass index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). A significant positive correlation (ρ = 0.321, p < 0.05) between PSQI and QOL (OHIP-14) scores was confirmed with sleep quality being lower with lower QOL scores. A negative correlation (ρ = ?0.339, p < 0.05) between physical health component summary scores (PCS) and mental health component summary scores (MCS) of HRQOL was confirmed, demonstrating that PCS was low, and the level of MCS was high. Sleep quality was found lower among those with lower oral health-related QOL scores. Moreover, in subjects with lower MCS scores, the PCS scores were found to be higher. Accordingly, it was considered appropriate that dental treatment and care, support the maintenance of activities and sleep, and mental health promotion which are likely requisites critical for elderly persons’ maintenance of independent lifestyles in their familiar community.

Comparison of walking quality variables between incomplete spinal cord injury patients and healthy subjects by using a footscan plantar pressure system

The main goal of spinal cord rehabilitation is to restore walking ability and improve walking quality after spinal cord injury(SCI). The spatiotemporal parameters of walking and the parameters of plantar pressure can be obtained using a plantar pressure analysis system. Previous studies have reported step asymmetry in patients with bilateral SCI. However, the asymmetry of other parameters in patients with SCI has not been reported. This was a prospective, cross-sectional study, which included 23 patients with SCI, aged 48.1 ± 14.5 years, and 28 healthy subjects, aged 47.1 ± 9.8 years. All subjects underwent bare foot walking on a plantar pressure measurement device to measure walking speed and spatiotemporal parameters. Compared with healthy subjects, SCI patients had slower walking speed, longer stride time and stance time, larger stance phase percentage, and shorter stride length. The peak pressures under the metatarsal heads and toe were lower in SCI patients than in healthy subjects. In the heel, regional impulse and the contact area percentage in SCI patients were higher than those in healthy subjects. The symmetry indexes of stance time, step length, maximum force, impulse and contact area were increased in SCI patients, indicating a decline in symmetry. The results confirm that the gait quality, including spatiotemporal variables and plantar pressure parameters, and symmetry index were lower in SCI patients compared with healthy subjects. Plantar pressure parameters and symmetry index could be sensitive quantitative parameters to improve gait quality of SCI patients. The protocols were approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University(approval No. 2015 PS54 J) on August 13, 2015. This trial was registered in the ISRCTN Registry(ISRCTN42544587) on August 22, 2018. Protocol version: 1.0.

Predicting of Power Quality Steady State Index Based on Chaotic Theory Using Least Squares Support Vector Machine

An effective power quality prediction for regional power grid can provide valuable references and contribute to the discovering and solving of power quality problems. So a predicting model for power quality steady state index based on chaotic theory and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is proposed in this paper. At first, the phase space reconstruction of original power quality data is performed to form a new data space containing the attractor. The new data space is used as training samples for the LSSVM. Then in order to predict power quality steady state index accurately, the particle swarm algorithm is adopted to optimize parameters of the LSSVM model. According to the simulation results based on power quality data measured in a certain distribution network, the model applies to several indexes with higher forecasting accuracy and strong practicability.

Quality indicators in respiratory therapy

Quality indicators in healthcare refer to measurable and quantifiable parameters used to assess and monitor the performance,effectiveness,and safety of healthcare services.These indicators provide a systematic way to evaluate the quality of care offered,and thereby to identify areas for improvement and to ensure that patient care meets established standards and best practices.Respiratory therapists play a vital role in areas of clinical administration such as infection control practices and quality improvement initiatives.Quality indicators serve as essential metrics for respiratory therapy departments to assess and enhance the overall quality of care.By systematically tracking and analyzing indicators related to infection control,treatment effectiveness,and adherence to protocols,respiratory care practitioners can identify areas to improve and implement evidence-based changes.This article reviewed how to identify,implement,and monitor quality indicators specific to the respiratory therapy departments to set benchmarks and enhance patient outcomes.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and quality control lie at the heart of subarachnoid hemorrhage

The dramatic increase in intracranial pressure after subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure and a reduction in cerebral blood flow.Mitochondria are directly affected by direct factors such as ischemia,hypoxia,excitotoxicity,and toxicity of free hemoglobin and its degradation products,which trigger mitochondrial dysfunction.Dysfunctional mitochondria release large amounts of reactive oxygen species,inflammatory mediators,and apoptotic proteins that activate apoptotic pathways,further damaging cells.In response to this array of damage,cells have adopted multiple mitochondrial quality control mechanisms through evolution,including mitochondrial protein quality control,mitochondrial dynamics,mitophagy,mitochondrial biogenesis,and intercellular mitochondrial transfer,to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis under pathological conditions.Specific interventions targeting mitochondrial quality control mechanisms have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for subarachnoid hemorrhage.This review provides an overview of recent research advances in mitochondrial pathophysiological processes after subarachnoid hemorrhage,particularly mitochondrial quality control mechanisms.It also presents potential therapeutic strategies to target mitochondrial quality control in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Quality indicators for colonoscopy: Current insights and caveats

Colonoscopy is the diagnostic modality of choice for investigation of symptoms suspected to be related to the colon and for the detection of polyps and colorectal cancer(CRC). Colonoscopy with removal of detected polyps has been shown to reduce the incidence and mortality of subsequent CRC. In many countries, population screening programs for CRC have been initiated, either by selection of patients for colonoscopy with fecal occult blood testing or by offering colonoscopy directly to average-risk individuals. Several endoscopy societies have formulated quality indicators for colonoscopy. These quality indicators are almost always incorporated as process indicators, rather than outcome measures. This review focuses on the quality indicators bowel preparation, cecal intubation rate, withdrawal time, adenoma detection rate, patient comfort, sedation and complication rate, and discusses the scientific evidence supporting them,as well as their potential shortcomings and issues that need to be addressed. For instance, there is still no clear and generally accepted definition of adequatebowel preparation, no robust scientific evidence is available supporting a cecal intubation rate ≥ 90% and the association between withdrawal time and occurrence of interval cancers has not been clarified. Adenoma detection rate is currently the only quality indicator that has been shown to be associated with interval colorectal cancer, but as an indicator it does not differentiate between subjects with one or more adenoma detected.

Contribution of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy to survival and quality of life in patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency

The objective of this study was to analyze the current evidence for the use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) in affecting survival and quality of life in patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI). Systematic searches of the literature were performed using the PubMed database. Articles were selected for inclusion if they reported findings from trials assessing the effects of PERT on quality of life, survival, malabsorption, growth parameters (such as height, body weight and body mass index), or gastrointestinal symptoms (such as abdominal pain, stool consistency and flatulence). PERT improved PEI-related malabsorption and weight maintenance in patients with cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and post-surgical states. In patients with chronic pancreatitis, PERT improved PEI-related symptoms and quality of life measures. Several small retrospective studies have also suggested that PERT may have a positive impact on survival, but long-term studies assessing this effect were not identified. PERT is effective for treating malnutrition and supporting weight maintenance, and it is associated with improved quality of life and possibly with enhanced survival in patients with PEI. However, there is evidence that not all patients with PEI receive adequate PERT. Future work should aim to assess the long-term effects of PERT on the survival of patients with PEI.

Optimization of Shanghai Marine Environmental Monitoring Sites in the Identification of Boundaries of Different Water Quality Grades

Water quality is critical to ensure that marine resources and the environment are utilized in a sustainable manner. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the optimum placement of marine environmental monitoring sites to monitor water quality in Shanghai, China. To improve the mapping or estimation accuracy of the areas with different water quality grades, the monitoring sites were fixed in transition bands between areas of different grades rather than in other positions. Following bidirectional optimization method, first, 18 candidate sites were selected by filtering out specific site categories. Second, three of these were, in turn, eliminated because of the rule defined by the changes in the areas of water quality grades and by the standard deviation of the interpolation errors of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and phosphate(PO_4-P). Furthermore, indicator kriging was employed to depict the transition bands between different water quality grades whenever new sampling sites were added. The four optimization projects of the newly added sites reveal that, all optimized sites were distributed in the transition bands of different water grades, and at the same time in the areas where the historical sites were sparsely distributed. New sites were also found in the overlap region of different transition bands. Additional sites were especially required in these regions to discriminate the boundaries of different water quality grades. Using the bidirectional optimization method of the monitoring sites, the boundaries of different water quality grades could be determined with a higher precision. As a result, the interpolation errors of DIN and PO_4-P could theoretically decrease.

Coats病光学相干断层扫描成像特征及其与黄斑纤维化的相关性

目的分析Coats病患者光学相干断层扫描(OCT)成像特征及其在黄斑纤维化预测中的价值。方法采用巢式病例对照研究方法,收集2008年1月至2021年10月于空军军医大学西京医院经彩色眼底照相、眼部B型超声、荧光素眼底血管造影及频域OCT检查确诊的Coats病患者43例43眼。其中,男40例,女3例;年龄2~60岁,中位年龄13岁。以黄斑纤维化为不良预后指标,根据随访结束时是否出现黄斑纤维化将患者分为2个组,比较各组间OCT特征的差异,并采用Logistic回归分析这一不良预后指标发生的危险因素。结果43例Coats病患者的OCT临床特征包括视网膜内硬性渗出43眼(占100%)、视网膜下液21眼(占48.8%)、黄斑囊肿17眼(占27.9%)、视网膜下渗出9眼(占20.9%)、视网膜前高反射点7眼(占16.3%)、视网膜前膜21眼(占48.8%)以及视网膜内液22眼(占51.2%)。彩色眼底照相可见硬性渗出分布于后极部38眼(占93.0%)以及中周部27眼(占65.9%);OCT检查可见硬性渗出分布于内核层35眼(占81.4%)以及外核层33眼(占76.7%)。OCT检出渗出性视网膜脱离的21眼中,彩色眼底照相检出9眼(占42.9%),眼部B型超声检出18眼(占85.7%)。黄斑纤维化组视网膜下液以及视网膜下渗出眼数比例均高于无黄斑纤维化组,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.755,P<0.001;χ^(2)=6.133,P=0.013)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,出现视网膜下液是发生黄斑纤维化的危险因素(比值比=48.345,95%置信区间:4.272~547.066,P=0.002)。结论OCT检查能够直观检测到Coats病患者的视网膜下液、视网膜下渗出、黄斑囊肿、黄斑渗出及视网膜高反射点等特征,其中视网膜下液是发生黄斑纤维化的危险因素。

Fifteen-year follow-up of quality of life in type 1 diabetes mellitus

AIM:To evaluate metabolic control and health-related quality of life(HRQOL)in a type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)population.METHODS:As part of a prospective cohort study,283T1DM patients treated with various insulin treatment modalities including multiple daily injections(MDI)and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII)were examined annually.HRQOL was measured using the SF-36 and EuroQol questionnaires.Data regarding HRQOL,glycaemic and metabolic control from baseline and follow-up measures in 2002 and 2010 were analysed.Linear mixed models were used to calculate estimated values and differences between the three moments in time and the three treatment modalities.RESULTS:Significant changes[meanΔ(95%CI)]in body mass index[2.4 kg/m2(1.0,3.8)],systolic blood pressure[-6.4 mmHg(-11.4,-1.3)]and EuroQol-VAS[-7.3(-11.4,-3.3)]were observed over time.In 2010,168 patients were lost to follow-up.Regarding mode of therapy,52 patients remained on MDI,28 remained on CSII,and 33 patients switched from MDI to CSII during follow-up.Among patients on MDI,HRQOL decreased significantly over time:mental component summary[-9.8(-16.3,-3.2)],physical component summary[-8.6(-15.3,-1.8)]and EuroQol-VAS[-8.1(-14.0,-2.3)],P<0.05 for all.For patients using CSII,the EuroQol-VAS decreased[-9.6(-17.5,-1.7)].None of the changes over time in HRQOL differed significantly with the changes over time within the other treatment groups.CONCLUSION:No differences with respect to metabolic and HRQOL parameters between the various insulin treatment modalities were observed after 15 years of follow-up in T1DM patients.

The Use of Secondary Grape Biomass in Beef Cattle Nutrition on Carcass Characteristics, Quality and Shelf Life of Meat

We determined whether the inclusion of 100 g/kg dry matter of grape pomace silage (GPS) and grape pomace bran (GPB) as substitutes for other traditional fiber sources in the diet of steers (Charolais x Nellore) would improve carcass characteristics, meat quality and composition, and shelf life. Twenty-four animals (248 ± 19.32 kg of initial body weight) were fed a high concentrate diet for 121 days. Carcass characteristics were measured, and the longissimus dorsi muscle was analyzed for fatty acid (FA) profile and composition. The meat was sliced and stored in air-permeable packages for 10 days. On each sampling day (d 1, 3, 7, and 10), oxidative stability, bacterial load, lipid and protein oxidation, and staining were analyzed. The experimental diets influenced the pH of cold carcasses only. The GPS group had a higher pH than the control. The GPS and GPB groups showed improved oxidant status (i.e., lower lipid peroxidation and concentrations of reactive oxygen species were in the meat of both groups than in control). On the first day of storage, the antioxidant enzyme glutathione S-transferase activity was more significant in the meat of the GPS and GPB groups than in the control. The bacterial loads in the meat were attenuated by GPS inclusion;there were lower total coliform counts and a trend toward lower counts for enterobacteria in the control group. The diets altered the FA profile of the meat;i.e., the GPB diet allowed for a more significant amount of the n-6 omegas in the meat, while the GPS diet showed a tendency for a more significant amount of n-6 and 9 omegas. Both diets (GPS and GPB) increased the amounts of long-chain FAs. The GPS diet decreased saturated FA levels. We conclude that the dietary treatments GPS and GPB are a promising alternative to maintain meat quality standards throughout in real-world retail conditions. These treatments gave rise to an improvement in the nutritional value of the meat due to the more significant amounts of FAs that improve human health.

Optimized Complex Power Quality Classifier Using One vs. Rest Support Vector Machines

Nowadays, power quality issues are becoming a significant research topic because of the increasing inclusion of very sensitive devices and considerable renewable energy sources. In general, most of the previous power quality classification techniques focused on single power quality events and did not include an optimal feature selection process. This paper presents a classification system that employs Wavelet Transform and the RMS profile to extract the main features of the measured waveforms containing either single or complex disturbances. A data mining process is designed to select the optimal set of features that better describes each disturbance present in the waveform. Support Vector Machine binary classifiers organized in a “One Vs Rest” architecture are individually optimized to classify single and complex disturbances. The parameters that rule the performance of each binary classifier are also individually adjusted using a grid search algorithm that helps them achieve optimal performance. This specialized process significantly improves the total classification accuracy. Several single and complex disturbances were simulated in order to train and test the algorithm. The results show that the classifier is capable of identifying >99% of single disturbances and >97% of complex disturbances.

现代集约化肉羊业主要关键技术研究与应用

专门化肉用种羊选定、引进后,通过适应性研究,在较大规模养羊业生产实践中,对现代集约化肉羊业的主要关键技术进行研究、完善和创新,组装集成并应用于生产。技术研究应用结果既为市场提供了大批专门化肉用种羊和优质安全的杂种肉羊,取得了高水平的研究成果及显著的经济效益和社会效益,又为我国目前正在迅速发展的集约化肉羊业提供了可靠的技术支持和理想的生产模式:从适宜的专门化肉羊品种到运用高效母羊快速扩繁技术,建立和完善有效的肉羊杂交利用体系,普遍应用种羊鲜、冻精生产大批肉用杂种羔羊,种植高产优质饲草及其科学加工调制和利用,建立严格兽医防疫制度,实行放牧+补饲或全舍饲的精细管理和集约化育肥,至生产优质、安全、标准肉羊,获得显著的经济效益和社会效益。

Bio-Based Waterborne Poly(Vanillin-Butyl Acrylate)/MXene Coatings for Leather with Desired Warmth Retention and Antibacterial Properties

This study presents a solvent-free,facile synthesis of a bio-based green antibacterial agent and aromatic monomer methacrylated vanillin(MV)using vanillin.The resulting MV not only imparted antibacterial properties to coatings layered on leather,but could also be employed as a green alternative to petroleum-based carcinogen styrene(St).Herein,MV was copolymerized with butyl acrylate(BA)to obtain waterborne bio-based P(MV-BA)miniemulsion via miniemulsion polymerization.Subsequently,MXene nanosheets with excellent photothermal conversion performance and antibacterial properties,were introduced into the P(MV-BA)miniemulsion by ultrasonic dispersion.During the gradual solidification of P(MV-BA)/MXene nanocomposite miniemulsion on the leather surface,MXene gradually migrated to the surface of leather coatings due to the cavitation effect of ultrasonication and amphiphilicity of MXene,which prompted its full exposure to light and bacteria,exerting the maximum photothermal conversion efficiency and significant antibacterial efficacy.In particular,when the dosage of MXene nanosheets was 1.4 wt%,the surface temperature of P(MV-BA)/MXene nanocomposite miniemulsioncoated leather(PML)increased by about 15℃ in an outdoor environment during winter,and the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was nearly 100%under the simulated sunlight treatment for 30 min.Moreover,the introduction of MXene nanosheets increased the air permeability,water vapor permeability,and thermal stability of these coatings.This study provides a new insight into the preparation of novel,green,and waterborne bio-based nanocomposite coatings for leather,with desired warmth retention and antibacterial properties.It can not only realize zerocarbon heating based on sunlight in winter,reducing the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions,but also improve ability to fight off invasion by harmful bacteria,viruses,and other microorganisms.