Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Tinnitus in Adults: A Review of Efficacy in Quality-of-Life Enhancement

Background: Tinnitus, characterized by the perception of sounds without an external source, significantly affects quality of life. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has emerged as a promising approach for managing tinnitus-related distress and enhancing psychological well-being. Objectives: This review aims to analyze the effectiveness of CBT in tinnitus management, focusing on alleviating distress, enhancing coping mechanisms, and improving overall well-being. Methods: PubMed and World of Science databases were systematically searched using keywords related to tinnitus, CBT, and quality of life. English, peer-reviewed studies focusing on adult populations were included. Studies involving pediatric populations or not meeting inclusion criteria were excluded. Data extraction was performed using PRISMA guidelines, with a narrative synthesis approach for analysis. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using appropriate tools. The search engine initially identified 155 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. However, upon further evaluation, 140 of these studies were excluded due to their non-randomized design. Of the remaining 15 studies, 11 were found to be partially accessible but ultimately excluded from the review as they did not meet the full accessibility criteria. Therefore, only four studies remained in the review, deemed suitable for inclusion based on their randomized design and full accessibility. Results: Studies by Beukes et al. [1]-[3] and Simoes et al. [4] evaluated CBT’s effectiveness. With internet-based CBT, Beukes et al. demonstrated reductions in tinnitus distress, negative cognitions, and comorbidities. Simoes et al. proposed combination treatments for tinnitus management. The review outcome suggests that CBT is an effective treatment for tinnitus, as it can help reduce tinnitus distress and improve quality of life. However, limitations in sample sizes and follow-up durations highlight the need for further research to establish CBT’s long-term efficacy and optimal parameters. Integrating internet-based CBT into comprehensive care strategies can enhance the well-being of individuals affected by tinnitus.

Analysis of the Role of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Self-Care in Thyroid Cancer Patients

Objective:To explore the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on self-care in thyroid cancer patients.Methods:A total of 144 thyroid cancer patients treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2022 to August 2023 were selected as research subjects.Using the random number table method,they were divided into a control group and an experimental group,each consisting of 72 cases.The control group received routine nursing intervention,while the experimental group received cognitive behavioral therapy based on standard nursing practices.The self-care ability(self-concept,self-efficacy,self-care skills,health knowledge level),coping style(confrontation,avoidance,and surrender),and quality of life(psychological function,social function,material life,physical function)of both groups before and after the intervention were compared.Results:In comparison to the pre-intervention period,the experimental group exhibited significantly higher self-care ability,quality of life,and confrontation scores after the intervention,as opposed to the control group.Additionally,the avoidance and surrender scores were lower in the experimental group than in the control group,with these differences proving to be statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion:The application of cognitive behavioral therapy can enhance the self-care ability of thyroid cancer patients,aid in better disease coping,and improve their overall quality of life.This approach is deserving of further promotion.

Effects of comprehensive nursing with cognitive behavioral therapy in orthodontic osteodilated arch treatment

BACKGROUND This work explored the effects of cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)-based comprehensive nursing intervention(CNI)mode in arch expansion to treat patients with orthodontic osteodilated arch(OOA).AIM To explore the application effect of CBT-based CNI model in orthodontic expansion arch treatment.METHODS Using convenient sampling method,81 patients with OOA were selected and rolled into a control group(Ctrl group,40 cases)and an observation group(Obs group,41 cases).During the treatment,patients in the Ctrl group received routine nursing intervention mode,and the those in the Obs group received CBT mode on the basis of this.Before and after intervention,the incidence of oral mucositis,the mastery rate of correct arch expansion method,self-rating anxiety scale score,soft scale index,and plaque index were compared for patients in different groups.In addition,satisfaction and complications were comparatively analyzed.RESULTS Incidence of oral mucositis in the Obs group was lower(14.6%vs 38.5%),and the mastery rate of correct arch expansion method was obviously higher(90.2%vs 55.0%)was obviously higher(all P<0.05).Meanwhile,the soft scale index and plaque index in the Obs group were much lower(P<0.05).The compliance(90.24%)and satisfaction(95.12%)in the Obs group were greatly higher(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The CBT-based CNI mode greatly improved the mastery rate of correct arch expansion method during arch expansion in treating patients with OOA and enhanced the therapeutic effect of arch expansion and the oral health of patients,improving the patient compliance.

Effect of cognitive behavioral group therapy on rehabilitation of community patients with schizophrenia:A short-term randomized control trial

BACKGROUND The efficacy of cognitive behavioral group therapy(CBGT)for cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms of schizophrenia is established,but more evidence is required.AIM To assess the effectiveness of CBGT combined with mental health education as a treatment for schizophrenia compared with mental health education alone.METHODS In all,120 schizophrenia out-patients were randomized into CBGT combined with mental health education or single mental health education.The primary outcomes were positive and negative symptoms,cognitive function,excitatory factor,anxiety and depression symptom improvements on the positive and negative syndrome scale score.Secondary outcome measures included social function and drug compliance.RESULTS There were significant differences between CBGT combined with mental health education and single mental health education on measures of positive and negative symptoms,cognitive functions,excitatory factor,anxiety and depression symptoms,and social functions.No other significant difference in outcomes was observed.CONCLUSION CBGT combined with mental health education may be relevant beneficial treatment method in reducing symptoms,cognitive and social functions of patients with schizophrenia.

Research status of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy in cancer patients

The latest global cancer burden data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization in 2020 shows that there were 19.29 million new cancer cases worldwide,with 4.57 million in China,ranking first.The number of cancer survivors is increasing,with a 5-year survival rate exceeding 85%,but there are emotional disorders.Cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)can improve negative emotions and has significant effects on patients.However,there is a limited number of physicians and high costs,so internet interventions have become a solution.The feasibility of web-based interventions for breast cancer patients has been proven.Research on internet-delivered CBT is also increasing.The purpose of this study was to review the concept of web-based CBT and its application status in cancer survivors,in order to provide relevant intervention for scholars and provide reference and supplement for patients to provide psychological therapy.

Evaluation of a culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy-based,third-wave therapy manual

BACKGROUND Recommendations for psychotherapy have evolved over the years,with cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)taking precedence since its inception within clinical guidelines in the United Kingdom and United States.The use of CBT for severe mental illness is now more common globally.AIM To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally adapted,CBT-based,third-wave therapy manual using the Comprehend,Cope,and Connect approach with individuals from a diverse population presenting to primary and secondary healthcare services.METHODS A pilot study was used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the manualised intervention.Outcome measures were evaluated at baseline,post-intervention and 12 wk-follow up.32 participants with mental health conditions aged 20-53 years were recruited.Assessments were completed at three time points,using Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation(CORE),Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),Bradford Somatic Inventory and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(WHODAS).The Patient Experience Questionnaire was completed post-treatment.RESULTS Repeated measures of analysis of variance associated with HADS depression,F(2,36)=12.81,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.42 and HADS anxiety scores,F(2,26)=9.93,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.36;CORE total score and WHODAS both showed significant effect F(1.25,18.72)=14.98,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.5.and F(1.29,14.18)=6.73,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.38 respectively.CONCLUSION These results indicate the effectiveness and acceptability of the culturally adapted,CBT-based,third-wave therapy manual intervention among minoritized groups with moderate effect sizes.Satisfaction levels and acceptability were highly rated.The viability and cost-effectiveness of this approach should be explored further to support universal implementation across healthcare systems.

P300 change and cognitive behavioral therapy in subjects with Internet addiction disorder A 3-month follow-up study

Event-related potential studies of cognitive function in addiction behaviors have focused on the P300 event-related potential component. The current study investigated the association between P300 component and Internet addiction disorder. We found that individuals with Internet addiction disorder exhibited significantly longer P300 latencies than controls （N2： P = 0.035; P3a： P = 0.031 P3b： P = 0.043） and similar P300 amplitudes compared to control participants. After 3 months of cognitive behavioral therapy, P300 latencies decreased significantly in the P3a and P3b （P3a： P = 0.045; P3b： P = 0.062）. These results suggest that deficits in cognitive function may be involved in Internet addiction disorder, and that clinical psychological treatment may be effective.

Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions on health outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease:A metaanalysis

BACKGROUND Recently,the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)-based intervention on health outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)has been recognized in randomized controlled trials(RCTs),but no comprehensive systematic review has been conducted.To address this research gap,our study aimed to evaluate whether comprehensive CBT-based interventions positively affect health outcomes in CHD patients.It was hypothesized that CBT-based interventions are effective in:(1)Reducing depression,anxiety,and stress symptoms;(2)Reducing body mass index,blood pressure,and lipid levels;and(3)Improving quality of life,and exercise endurance.AIM To verify the effectiveness of CBT-based interventions on CHD patients through a meta-analysis of previous publications.METHODS Relevant RCTs published in English were obtained by searching electronic databases,including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Scopus,and Proquest,with the retrieval time from inception to August 2020.The primary outcomes were psychological factors(depression,anxiety,and stress symptoms),physiological factors(body mass index,blood pressure,blood lipids).The secondary outcomes included quality of life and exercise endurance.We used Review Manager 5.3 to conduct the meta-analysis and used the Physiotherapy Evidence Database tool to evaluate the quality of studies.RESULTS A total of 22 RCTs comprising 4991 patients with CHD were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.The main analysis revealed that CBT-based intervention can reduce depression symptoms:-2.00[95%confidence interval(CI):-2.83 to-1.16,P<0.001];anxiety symptoms:-2.07(95%CI:-3.39 to-0.75,P=0.002);stress symptoms:-3.33(95%CI:-4.23 to-2.44,P<0.001);body mass index:-0.47(95%CI:-0.81 to-0.13,P=0.006);and improve physical functioning:3.36(95%CI:1.63 to 5.10,P=0.000)and mental functioning:6.91(95%CI:4.10 to 9.73,P<0.001).Moreover,subgroup analysis results showed that CBT-based interventions were more effective for symptoms of depression and anxiety in CHD patients when individual,as opposed to group treatment,and psycho-education,behavioral and cognitive strategies were applied as the core treatment approaches.CONCLUSION CBT-based interventions are effective treatment strategies for CHD patients,significantly improving their symptoms of depression,anxiety and stress,body mass index,and health-related quality of life.

Effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression of infertile women: A meta-analysis

Objective:To investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in infertile women.Methods:This study was performed in 2019 by searching Google Scholar,Scopus,PubMed/MEDLINE,Cochrane library,EMBASE,Proquest,ISI Web of Science,MagIran,SID and IranMedex.Eligible studies were selected by two reviewers and outcomes of interest were extracted.The meta-analysis was performed using the random effect models.Ⅰ-square statistic test was used for heterogeneity analysis.Presence of publication bias was also checked.Results:Eleven studies were included in this review.Between-group differences(cognitive behavioral therapy and control groups)in risk ratio for infertile women's depression was d=-1.36;95%CI=-1.81,-0.90;P<0.001.For infertile women's anxiety,between-group differences in risk ratio wasd=-0.83;95%CI=-1.18,-0.47;P<0.001.Conclusions:Cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in the reduction of depression and anxiety in patients with or withoutin vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment.However,the lack of high-quality studies makes it challenging to make a solid and precise conclusion.Well-designed studies should be undertaken in the future to confirm these results.

Nurse-led group cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder among adults in Japan: A preliminary single-group study

Objectives:The prevalence and burden of disease of depression necessitates effective and accessible treatment options worldwide.Since April 2016,Japanese national health insurance has covered nurseadministered cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)for mood disorders.However,empirical support for nurse-led CBT for depression in Asian countries,especially in Japan,is still lacking.This preliminary study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of nurse-led group CBT for Japanese patients with depression.Methods:In this single-arm study,we evaluated the effects of a 6-week group CBT,led by trained nurses,on patients with major depression.The primary outcome was the Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ(BDI-Ⅱ).Assessments were conducted at the beginning and end of the intervention.Results:Of 25 participants screened,23 were eligible for the study(of these,three dropped out during the trial but were included in the analysis).Nurse-led group CBT led to significant improvements in the severity of depression(BDI-Ⅱ,P<0.001).The mean total BDI-Ⅱscore improved from 23.1(SD=7.56)to 12.4(SD=8.57),and the pre-to post-effect size was large(Cohen's d=1.33).After CBT,45%of the participants were judged to be treatment responders,and 34%met the remission criteria.Conclusions:Our preliminary findings indicate that 6 weeks of nurse-led group CBT produced a favorable treatment outcome for individuals with major depression in a Japanese clinical setting.The results of this study might encourage more Asian nurses to provide CBT as a part of their nursing practice.Further controlled trials that address the limitations of this study are required.

Effects of Religious vs. Conventional Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Inflammatory Markers and Stress Hormones in Major Depression and Chronic Medical Illness: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Depressive disorder is often accompanied by physiological changes that may adversely affect the course of medical illness, including an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Methods: We examine the effects of religious cognitive behavioral therapy (RCBT) vs. conventional CBT (CCBT) on pro-/anti-inflammatory indicators and stress hormones in 132 individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and chronic medical illness who were recruited into a multi-site randomized clinical trial. Biomarkers (C-reactive protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12-p70), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL1ra, IL-4, IL-10), and stress hormones (urinary cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine) were assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Differential effects of baseline religiosity on treatment response were also examined, along with effects of religiosity on changes in biomarkers over time independent of treatment group. Biomarker levels were log transformed where possible to normalize distributions. Mixed models were used to examine trajectories of change. Results: CRP increased and IL-4, IL-10, and epinephrine decreased over time, mostly in the opposite direction expected (except epinephrine). No significant difference between RCBT and CCBT was found on average trajectory of change in any biomarkers. Religiosity interacted with treatment group in effects on IL-6, such that CCBT was more effective than RCBT in lowering lL-6 in those with low religiosity whereas RCBT appeared to be more effective than CCBT in those with high religiosity. Higher baseline religiosity also tended to predict an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines INF-γ and IL-12 (p70) and urinary cortisol over time. Conclusions: RCBT and CCBT had similar effects on stress biomarkers. CCBT was more effective in reducing IL-6 levels in those with low religiosity, whereas RCBT tended to be more effective in those with high religiosity. Unexpectedly, higher baseline religiosity was associated with an increase in several stress biomarkers.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for the management of irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common disorder,reported to be found in 5%-20%of the general population.Its management accounts for up to 25%of a gastroenterologist’s workload in the outpatient department,and the main symptoms are abdominal pain,bloating,and altered bowel habits.Despite a great amount of available pharmacological treatments aimed at a wide variety of gastrointestinal and brain targets,many patients have not shown adequate symptom relief.In recent years,there has been increasing evidence to suggest that psychological treatments,in particular cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT),are effective for the management of IBS.This review discusses CBT for the management of IBS.CBT has proved to be effective in alleviating the physical and psychological symptoms of IBS and has thus been recommended as a treatment option for the syndrome.

Effect of cognitive behavior therapy training and psychological nursing on the midwifery process in the delivery room

BACKGROUND The severe physical and psychological impact of pain on the physical and mental health of women during labor leads to increased risks and complications during childbirth,presenting a major public health concern.Some studies have shown that cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)has a positive effect on maternal psychology during delivery,reducing stress and shortening labor time.Thus,CBT training for mothers and delivery room staff may be beneficial in minimizing complications and adverse effects during natural birth.AIM To investigate the clinical effects of CBT training and psychological care during delivery,and their therapeutic effects on women in labor.METHODS This study used a retrospective analysis and included 140 mothers admitted to the maternity ward between January 2021 and January 2023.The study subjects were randomized into two groups:control(n=70)and observation(n=70).Routine care,CBT training,and psychological care were provided to mothers in both groups.Psychological status scores,delivery time,and satisfaction with care pre-and post-delivery were compared,and the incidence of complications after receiving care was analyzed between the two groups.RESULTS Although the psychological state of both groups improved significantly in the late stages of labor,the psychological state scores of the mothers in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the mothers in the control group(P<0.05).The duration of labor and incidence of complications in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The mothers in the observation group were significantly more satisfied with nursing care during the course of labor than those in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION CBT training and psychological care for mothers in the midwifery process can effectively improve anxiety and depression,shorten labor duration,reduce postnatal complications,and improve nursing satisfaction and nurse-patient relationships.Its clinical application is effective and has popularization value,providing a new way to protect maternal mental health.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as the Basis for Preventive Intervention in a Sleep Health Program: A Quasi-Experimental Study of E-Mail Newsletters to College Students

Several reports suggest that college students often have atypical sleep patterns and experience poor sleep quality. We examined the effect of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based intervention program to improve sleep quality and overall mental health among college students. The intervention was delivered in the form of e-mail newsletters. Fifty-three students participated in the intervention group, and another 50 students participated in the control group. The intervention group received a lecture on sleep hygiene;once-weekly e-mail newsletters on sleep health topics (sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction, sleep titration, and relapse prevention) and were asked to maintain a four-week sleep diary. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a measure of sleep quality, and the Kessler 6, a measure of psychological distress, were administered before the lecture (as the baseline measurement) and again 16 weeks later (follow-up measurement). PSQI and K6 scores were reduced in the intervention group compared with the control group. A CBT-based sleep health program utilizing e-mail newsletters may work to improve sleep quality and mental health. This program may represent a cost effective way for Japanese students to receive treatment for poor sleep and may also serve to prevent psychiatric problems.

Validation of Symptom Dimensions and Sub-Type Responses in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous condition without a conclusivesubtype dimension. This study will focus on the meta-analysis of the clinical responses of OCD subtypes to cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT), which might clarify this issue. Methods: We performed a systematic search and ameta-analysis for the studies of OCD subtypes and the response to CBT in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Webof Science, and Scopus databases. The selective criteria were the OCD without significant medical or psychiatricco-morbidities and pre-and post-treatment changes in scores of OCD dimension. In addition, different subtypesof OCD in symptom dimensions, such as symmetry, contamination, unacceptable thoughts, and hoarding, werecompared to find the most significant subtype using the treatment response parameters by CBT. After limitedselection, four studies and 479 OCD subjects were enrolled. The meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager5.4, and only significant results were reported. Results: Among the OCD subtypes, the meta-analysis favors thehoarding subtype with poorer responses to CBT than symmetry, contamination, and unacceptable thoughts.The meta-analysis results were negative mean differences, significant tests for overall effect, and limited heterogeneitiesin the random effects model. In addition, the results were more significant when the hoarding subtypewas compared with non-hoarding subtypes. Conclusion: The hoarding subtype might be the most significantrepresentative subtype of OCD symptom dimension under the impression of unfavorable clinical response toCBT. However, future studies with more treatment parameters will be warranted to confirm this finding.

The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Changes of Depressive Symptoms Among Thai Adult HIV-Infected Patients

Background: In Thailand, the therapeutic effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression among adult HIV-infected patients has been limitedly studied. Objectives: To determine the association of CBT and changes of de-pression both immediately post treatment and at 3-month post-treatment.Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at the University Hospital in Thailand. Forty and eighty HIV-infected adults who voluntarily received and did not receive CBT were recruited from the immunology clinic and sexually transmitted diseases clinic between September 2010 and February 2011. Sociodemographic characteristics and medical histories of the participants were collected. A standard Thai Depression Inventory (TDI) was used for evaluation of depressive symptoms. TDI score of 21 or above was interpreted as depression. Other questionnaires included a Montreal Cognitive Assessment questionnaire, standard questionnaire for evaluating life stress event and questionnaire for HIV social support. Results: The mean ages of participants were 44.8 and 43.4 years in the CBT and non-CBT groups respectively. In both group, about half of the subjects were females. Life stress event score in CBT group was significantly higher than the non-CBT group (p <0.01). At baseline, the mean TDI scores of the CBT group and non-CBT group were 26.7 and 25.3 respectively. After adjustment for age, gender, social support, life stress event and current opportunistic infection;the mean changes of TDI scores in the CBT group were significantly higher than the non-CBT group both immediately [12.13 (95%CI ,10.00 -14.26)] (p <0.001) and at 3-month post-treatment [15.94 (95%CI, 13.69-18.18)] (p < 0.001). Conclusion: CBT is beneficial for treatment of depression among adult HIV-infected patients in Thailand. The beneficial effect of CBT was not only immediate but also sustained at 3-month post-treatment.

Pediatrician-friendly perspectives on cognitive behavioral therapy for anxious youth:Current status and clinical implications for the next normal

Pediatric anxiety disorders are common and often debilitating conditions.Cognitive is a psychosocial intervention that represents a potentially powerful antidote to these disorders.This article reviews data from treatment outcome studies,meta-analyses,and systematic reviews as well as from moderation/mediational investigations.The literature supports the efficacy,effectiveness,and durability of positive treatment outcomes for pediatric anxiety disorders.Recommendations for clinical applications are suggested.

A Clinical Study:Therapeutic Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Cognitive Impairment in Alcohol-Dependent Patients

Objective To observe the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)and cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)on cognitive function in alcohol-dependent patients.Methods Data from 285 alcohol-dependent patients were collected from Mudanjiang Medical University and Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University between 2019 and 2021.The patients were divided into groups depending on alcohol abstinence and non-abstinence.There were 43 patients in the alcohol consumption(AC)group.The patients in the abstinence group were randomly assigned to treatment regimens with different combinations of rTMS and CBT using the Elton system.There were 49 patients in the TB+C0 group,36 in the TB+C1 group,44 in the TL+C0 group,36 in the TL+C1 group,37 in the TR+C0 group,and 40 in the TR+C1 group.Cognitive function was assessed by using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA).Results The proportion of patients with cognitive impairment in the AC group at 24 weeks was higher than that at baseline(P<0.05),whereas the proportion of cognitive impairment in the other groups did not differ significantly over time.The percentage of patients with cognitive impairment at 24 weeks was 52.3%in the TL+C0 group and 47.2%in the TL+C1 group,which was significantly lower than that in the AC group(P<0.05).MoCA scores at different time points in the AC group were significantly higher than those in the TB+C0,TL+C0,TL+C1,TR+C0,and TR+C1 groups,respectively.MoCA scores were significantly higher at 12 weeks compared with the baseline in the TB+C0,TL+C0,TL+C1,TR+C0,and TR+C1 groups(P<0.05),and similar changes were observed at 24 weeks.The MoCA scores in the TL+C1 and TL+C0 groups were higher than those in the TR+C0 group at 12 weeks after the intervention(P<0.05).Furthermore,MoCA scores in each of the TB+C1,TL+C1,TL+C0,TR+C1,and TR+C0 groups were higher than those in the AC group at 24 weeks(P<0.05).Conclusion Alcohol consumption impairs cognitive function,as evidenced by a significantly higher proportion of cognitive impairment after 24 weeks of non-abstinence.Most of the tested treatment regimens improved cognitive function.High frequency rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)was associated with a greater improvement in cognitive function than that of the right DLPFC in alcohol-dependent patients at 12 weeks of abstinence.There does not appear to be a therapeutic advantage of CBT for cognitive impairment in alcohol-dependent patients.Screening for impaired cognitive function should be seriously considered for patients who engage in heavy drinking,and measures should be taken to reduce the risk of dementia induced by alcohol dependence.

Interventional effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients: A systematic review

Objective:To evaluate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients.Methods:Computer search for CNKI,VIP,Wanfang database,CBM,PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,The Cochrane library as of 2019 randomized controlled trials on October 20 for cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for breast cancer due to fatigue.Results:A total of 6 RCTs were included,472 patients.Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has a strong effect on cancer related fatigue compared with the usual care[SMD=-1.19,95%CI(-1.86,-0.53),P=0.0004].Results:Available evidence suggests that CBT can alleviate cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients,and the above studies still need to continue to conduct relevant studies for validation.

The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on negative emotions in nursing students:a meta-analysis

Background:Recently,cognitive behavioral therapy interventions have been extensively applied in the field of nursing education.However,no consensus has been reached on whether these interventions can reduce negative emotions in nursing students.Objective:This meta-analysis was designed to systematically discuss the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy interventions on levels of anxiety,fear of denial,social avoidance and social distress for nursing students.Methods:The following Chinese and English databases were searched for relevant articles:PubMed,Embase,Cochrane library,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wangfang Database,VIP Database and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database.The search encompassed the establishment of these databases up until May 2021.Two reviewers separately entered the data into Review Manager Software 5.3.Results:A total of 6 studies were reviewed.It was found that cognitive behavioral therapy interventions significantly lowered levels of anxiety(SMD=−0.98,95%CI:−1.46 to−0.50,P<0.001),fear of denial(MD=−3.22,95%CI:−5.60 to−0.84,P<0.01),social avoidance(MD=−1.74,95%CI:−2.32 to−1.16,P<0.001),and social distress(MD=−2.15,95%CI:−2.81 to−1.49,P<0.001)in nursing students.Conclusion:Cognitive behavioral therapy could effectively decrease anxiety,fear of negation,and social negative emotions of nursing students as well as enhance their mental health level.However,more studies are needed to verify whether internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy has an impact on nursing students’negative emotions.