Integrated importance measure for multi-state coherent systems of k level

To verify the effectiveness of the integrated importance measure （IIM） for multi-state coherent systems of k level, the definition and physical meaning of IIM are demonstrated. Then, the improvement potential and Δ-importance measures are generalized to multi-state coherent systems based on the system performance level, and the relationships between IIM and traditional importance measures are discussed. The characteristics of IIM are demonstrated in both series and parallel systems. Also, an application to an oil transportation system is given. The comparison results show that： （i） IIM has some useful properties that are not possessed by traditional importance measures; （ii） IIM is effective in evaluating the component role in multi-state systems when the component reliability and the failure rate are simultaneously considered.

Standby Redundancy Allocation for a Coherent System under Its Signature Point Process Representation

Willing to work in reliability theory in a general set up, under stochastically dependence conditions, we intend to characterize a not identically spare standby redundancy operation through compensator transform under a complete information level, the physic approach, that is, observing its component lifetime. We intend to optimize system reliability under standby redundancy allocation of its components, particularly, under minimal standby redundancy. To get results, we will use a coherent system representation through a signature point process.

A Coherent System Component Importance under Its Signatures Representation

In this paper we discuss how to measure the component importance for a system in its signature representation. The definition is given in terms of compensator transform and it can be considered as a new formalization of the ideas presented by Bergman [1] in the context of system signature.

Minimal Repair Redundancy for Coherent Systemin its Signatures Representation

In this paper we discuss how to maintain the signature representation of a coherent system through a minimal repair redundancy. In a martingale framework we use compensator transforms to identify how the components minimal repairs affect the order statistics in the signature representation.

Intravascular photoacoustic and optical coherence tomography imaging dual-mode system for detecting spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A feasibility study

In this work,we present an intravascular dual-mode endoscopic system capable of both intravascular photoacoustic imaging(IVPAI)and intravascular optical coherence tomography(IVOCT)for recognizing spontaneous coronary artery dissection(SCAD)phantoms.IVPAI provides high-resolution and high-penetration images of intramural hematoma(IMH)at different depths,so it is especially useful for imaging deep blood clots associated with imaging phantoms.IVOCT can readily visualize the double-lumen morphology of blood vessel walls to identify intimal tears.We also demonstrate the capability of this dual-mode endoscopic system using mimicking phantoms and biological samples of blood clots in ex vivo porcine arteries.The results of the experiments indicate that the combined IVPAI and IVOCT technique has the potential to provide a more accurate SCAD assessment method for clinical applications.

Coherent Perfect Absorption in Higher Order Systems

We investigate the phenomenon of coherent perfect absorption in a high-order system with three passive resonators coupled to a super-surface to form this three-state coherent perfect absorber. The effective parity time (PT) symmetry in the passive system has received much attention, and in this open three-state PT symmetric system, the incident wave is used as the effective gain instead of balancing the material gain and loss. We analyze the variation of coherent perfect absorption of this system with the coupling coefficient of the system by simulation.

Remote sensing of air pollution incorporating integrated-path differential-absorption and coherent-Doppler lidar

An innovative complex lidar system deployed on an airborne rotorcraft platform for remote sensing of atmospheric pollution is proposed and demonstrated.The system incorporates integrated-path differential absorption lidar(DIAL) and coherent-doppler lidar(CDL) techniques using a dual tunable TEA CO_(2)laser in the 9—11 μm band and a 1.55 μm fiber laser.By combining the principles of differential absorption detection and pulsed coherent detection,the system enables agile and remote sensing of atmospheric pollution.Extensive static tests validate the system’s real-time detection capabilities,including the measurement of concentration-path-length product(CL),front distance,and path wind speed of air pollution plumes over long distances exceeding 4 km.Flight experiments is conducted with the helicopter.Scanning of the pollutant concentration and the wind field is carried out in an approximately 1 km slant range over scanning angle ranges from 45°to 65°,with a radial resolution of 30 m and10 s.The test results demonstrate the system’s ability to spatially map atmospheric pollution plumes and predict their motion and dispersion patterns,thereby ensuring the protection of public safety.

Quantitative determination of the critical points of Mott metal–insulator transition in strongly correlated systems

Mottness is at the heart of the essential physics in a strongly correlated system as many novel quantum phenomena occur in the metallic phase near the Mott metal–insulator transition. We investigate the Mott transition in a Hubbard model by using the dynamical mean-field theory and introduce the local quantum state fidelity to depict the Mott metal–insulator transition. The local quantum state fidelity provides a convenient approach to determining the critical point of the Mott transition. Additionally, it presents a consistent description of the two distinct forms of the Mott transition points.

Experimental investigation of closed-loop active control to modulate coherent structures by mu-level method

The experimental research on zero-net-mass-flux jet closed-loop active control was conducted in the wind tunnel.The mu-level method successfully detected burst events of the coherent structures. The streamwise velocity signals in the turbulent boundary layer were measured by HWA. The drag reduction rate of 16.7% is obtained comparable to that of the open-loop control and saves 75% of the input energy at the asynchronous 100 V/160 Hz control case, which reflects the advantages of the closed-loop control. The experimental findings indicate that the intensity increases in the near-wall region.The perturbation of the PZT vibrators on the skewness factor is concentrated in the region y+< 60. The generation of highspeed fluids is depressed and the downward effect of high-speed fluids weakens. The alteration of energy distribution and the discernible impact of modulation between structures of varying scales are observed. The correlation coefficient exhibits a strong positive correlation, which indicates that the large-scale structures produce modulation effect on small-scale ones.The occurrence of burst events is effectively suppressed. The disturbance has the characteristics of stable periodicity,positive and negative symmetry, low intermittency, and high pulsation strength. The conditional phase waveform shows that the fluctuation amplitude increases, indicating amplitude modulation effects on coherent structures.

2D DOA Estimation of Coherent Signals with a Separated Linear Acoustic Vector-Sensor Array

In this paper, a two-dimensional(2D) DOA estimation algorithm of coherent signals with a separated linear acoustic vector-sensor(AVS) array consisting of two sparse AVS arrays is proposed. Firstly,the partitioned spatial smoothing(PSS) technique is used to construct a block covariance matrix, so as to decorrelate the coherency of signals. Then a signal subspace can be obtained by singular value decomposition(SVD) of the covariance matrix. Using the signal subspace, two extended signal subspaces are constructed to compensate aperture loss caused by PSS.The elevation angles can be estimated by estimation of signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques(ESPRIT) algorithm. At last, the estimated elevation angles can be used to estimate automatically paired azimuth angles. Compared with some other ESPRIT algorithms, the proposed algorithm shows higher estimation accuracy, which can be proved through the simulation results.

Effectively modulating spatial vortex four-wave mixing in a diamond atomic system

Due to the spatial characteristics of orbital angular momentum,vortex fields can be applied in the fields of quantum storage and quantum information.We study the realization of spatially modulated vortex fields based on four-wave mixing in a four-level atomic system with a diamond structure.The intensity and spiral phase of the vortex field are effectively transferred to the generated four-wave mixing field.By changing the detuning of the probe field,the phase and intensity of the generated vertex four-wave mixing field can be changed.When the probe field takes a large detuning value,the spatial distribution of the intensity and phase of the vertex four-wave mixing field can be effectively tuned by adjusting the Rabi frequency or detuning value of the coupled field.At the same time,we also provide a detailed explanation based on the dispersion relationship,and the results agree well with our simulation results.

Collective coherent emission of electrons in strong laser fields and perspective for hard x-ray lasers

Coherent motion of particles in a plasma can imprint itself on radiation.The recent advent of high-power lasers—allowing the nonlinear inverse Compton-scattering regime to be reached—has opened the possibility of looking at collective effects in laser–plasma interactions.Under certain conditions,the collective interaction of many electrons with a laser pulse can generate coherent radiation in the hard x-ray regime.This perspective paper explains the limitations under which such a regime might be attained.

Scale effect removal and range migration correction for hypersonic target coherent detection

The detection of hypersonic targets usually confronts range migration(RM)issue before coherent integration(CI).The traditional methods aiming at correcting RM to obtain CI mainly considers the narrow-band radar condition.However,with the increasing requirement of far-range detection,the time bandwidth product,which is corresponding to radar’s mean power,should be promoted in actual application.Thus,the echo signal generates the scale effect(SE)at large time bandwidth product situation,influencing the intra and inter pulse integration performance.To eliminate SE and correct RM,this paper proposes an effective algorithm,i.e.,scaled location rotation transform(ScLRT).The ScLRT can remove SE to obtain the matching pulse compression(PC)as well as correct RM to complete CI via the location rotation transform,being implemented by seeking the actual rotation angle.Compared to the traditional coherent detection algorithms,Sc LRT can address the SE problem to achieve better detection/estimation capabilities.At last,this paper gives several simulations to assess the viability of ScLRT.

Spatial quantum coherent modulation with perfect hybrid vector vortex beam based on atomic medium

The perfect hybrid vector vortex beam(PHVVB)with helical phase wavefront structure has aroused significant concern in recent years,as its beam waist does not expand with the topological charge(TC).In this work,we investigate the spatial quantum coherent modulation effect with PHVVB based on the atomic medium,and we observe the absorption characteristic of the PHVVB with different TCs under variant magnetic fields.We find that the transmission spectrum linewidth of PHVVB can be effectively maintained regardless of the TC.Still,the width of transmission peaks increases slightly as the beam size expands in hot atomic vapor.This distinctive quantum coherence phenomenon,demonstrated by the interaction of an atomic medium with a hybrid vector-structured beam,might be anticipated to open up new opportunities for quantum coherence modulation and accurate magnetic field measurement.

Artificial intelligence for the detection of glaucoma with SD-OCT images:a systematic review and Meta-analysis

●AIM:To quantify the performance of artificial intelligence(AI)in detecting glaucoma with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)images.●METHODS:Electronic databases including PubMed,Embase,Scopus,ScienceDirect,ProQuest and Cochrane Library were searched before May 31,2023 which adopted AI for glaucoma detection with SD-OCT images.All pieces of the literature were screened and extracted by two investigators.Meta-analysis,Meta-regression,subgroup,and publication of bias were conducted by Stata16.0.The risk of bias assessment was performed in Revman5.4 using the QUADAS-2 tool.●RESULTS:Twenty studies and 51 models were selected for systematic review and Meta-analysis.The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.91(95%CI:0.86–0.94,I2=94.67%),0.90(95%CI:0.87–0.92,I2=89.24%).The pooled positive likelihood ratio(PLR)and negative likelihood ratio(NLR)were 8.79(95%CI:6.93–11.15,I2=89.31%)and 0.11(95%CI:0.07–0.16,I2=95.25%).The pooled diagnostic odds ratio(DOR)and area under curve(AUC)were 83.58(95%CI:47.15–148.15,I2=100%)and 0.95(95%CI:0.93–0.97).There was no threshold effect(Spearman correlation coefficient=0.22,P>0.05).●CONCLUSION:There is a high accuracy for the detection of glaucoma with AI with SD-OCT images.The application of AI-based algorithms allows together with“doctor+artificial intelligence”to improve the diagnosis of glaucoma.

Robust measurement of orbital angular momentum of a partially coherent vortex beam under amplitude and phase perturbations

The ability to overcome the negative effects,induced by obstacles and turbulent atmosphere,is a core challenge of long-distance information transmission,and it is of great significance in free-space optical communication.The spatial-coherence structure,that characterizes partially coherent fields,provides a new degree of freedom for carrying information.However,due to the influence of the complex transmission environment,the spatial-coherence structure is severely damaged during the propagation path,which undoubtedly limits its ability to transmit information.Here,we realize the robust far-field orbital angular momentum(OAM)transmission and detection by modulating the spatial-coherence structure of a partially coherent vortex beam with the help of the cross-phase.The cross-phase enables the OAM information,quantified by the topological charge,hidden in the spatial-coherence structure can be stably transmitted to the far field and can resist the influence of obstructions and turbulence within the communication link.This is due to the self-reconstruction property of the spatial-coherence structure embedded with the cross-phase.We demonstrate experimentally that the topological charge information can be recognized well by measuring the spatial-coherence structure in the far field,exhibiting a set of distinct and separated dark rings even under amplitude and phase perturbations.Our findings open a door for robust optical signal transmission through the complex environment and may find application in optical communication through a turbulent atmosphere.

Impact of atmospheric turbulence on coherent beam combining for laser weapon systems

The performance of a laser weapon system based on coherent beam combining(CBC)depends on its propagation properties in the atmosphere.In this study,an analytical model based on partial coherent beam combining(PCBC)for assumed coherence coefficients between beams in a CBC lattice was developed.The Kolmogorov model of atmospheric turbulence and the Hufnagel-Valley model of C^(2)_(n) dependence on atmospheric parameters were implemented.Novel simplified metrics were proposed to assess the CBC performance.Several beam profiles(super-Gaussian,truncated Gaussian,etc.)and geometries were analyzed in terms of maximal intensity in the far field.An approximate formula for PCBC efficiency dependent on the Fried radius was proposed.The results of CBC modeling were compared to those of the Gaussian beam propagation model in a turbulent atmosphere.The dependence of CBC performance on the C^(2)_(n) parameter,range,and elevation angle was analyzed.It could be concluded that the application of CBC for medium and long range propagation is impractical without an effective adaptive optics system.

Preliminary observation results of the Coherent Beacon Systemonboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite-1

This paper reports, for the first time, observation results of the Coherent Beacon System(CBS) onboard the China SeismoElectromagnetic Satellite-1(CSES-1). We describe the CBS, and the Computerized Ionospheric Tomography(CIT) algorithm program is validated by numerical experiment. Two examples are shown, for daytime and nighttime respectively. The Equatorial Ionization Anomaly(EIA) can be seen, and the northern crest core is located at ～20°N in the reconstruction image at 07:28 UTC on 20 July 2018(daytime).Disturbances are shown in the reconstruction image at 18:40 UTC on 13 July 2018(nighttime). We find that beacon measurements are more consistent with ionosonde measurements than model results, by comparing Nm F2 at three sites at Lanzhou, Chongqing, and Kunming; consistency with ionosonde measurements validates beacon measurements. Finally, we have studied Vertical Total Electron Content(VTEC) variations from ground to ～500 km(the height of CSES-1 orbit) and ratios of VTEC between beacon measurements and CODE(Center for Orbit Determination in Europe) data. VTEC variation from ground to ～500 km has a range of 7.2–16.5 TECU for the daytime case and a range of 1.1–1.7 TECU for the nighttime case. The Beacon/CODE ratio of VTEC varies with latitude and time. The mean Beacon/CODE ratio is 0.69 for the daytime case and 0.26 for the nighttime case. The fact that the nighttime case yields lower ratios indicates the higher altitude of the ionosphere during nighttime when the ionosphere is assumed to be a thin layer.

Managing Quantum Heat Transfer in a Nonequilibrium Qubit-Phonon Hybrid System with Coherent Phonon States

We investigate quantum heat transfer in a nonequilibrium qubit-phonon hybrid open system,dissipated by external bosonic thermal reservoirs.By applying coherent phonon states embedded in the dressed quantum master equation,we are capable of dealing with arbitrary qubit-phonon coupling strength.It is counterintuitively found that the effect of negative differential thermal conductance is absent at strong qubit-phonon hybridization,but becomes profound at weak qubit-phonon coupling regime.The underlying mechanism of decreasing heat flux by increasing the temperature bias relies on the unidirectional transitions from the up-spin displaced coherent phonon states to the down-spin counterparts,which seriously freezes the qubit and prevents the system from completing a thermodynamic cycle.Finally,the effects of perfect thermal rectification and giant heat amplification are unraveled,thanks to the effect of negative differential thermal conductance.These results of the nonequilibrium qubit-phonon open system would have potential implications in smart energy control and functional design of phononic hybrid quantum devices.

Influence of optical nonlinearity on combining efficiency in ultrashort pulse fiber laser coherent combining system

The influence of optical nonlinearity on combining efficiency in ultrashort pulse fiber laser coherent combining system is investigated theoretically and experimentally.In the theoretical work,a new theoretical algorithm is presented for the coherent combining efficiency,which can be used to quantify the spectral coherence decay induced by optical nonlinearity imbalance between the sub-beams.The spectral information of the sub-beam is obtained by numerically solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation(NLSE)in this algorithm to ensure an accurate prediction.In the experimental work,the coherent combining of two all-fiber picosecond lasers is achieved,and the influence of imbalanced optical nonlinearity on the combining efficiency is studied,which agrees with the theoretical prediction.This paper reveals the physical mechanism for the influence of optical nonlinearity on the combining efficiency,which is valuable for the coherent combining of ultrashort pulse fiber laser beams.