The Role of Coix lacryma-jobi Linn. in Wastewater Treatment System of Constructed Wetland

The dynamic of growth and nutrient （N and P） absorption of Coix lacryma-jobi Linn.in constructed wetland （CW）,as well as the effect of constructed wetland harvest on N,P absorption in eutrophic water were studied.The results revealed that,in Summer and Autumn,especially in August,C.lacryma-jobi could obtain higher biomass and N,P accumulations,thereby achieving the most efficient purification; from the breeding value point of view,N,P contents could be improved by the appropriate increase of harvest times of C.lacryma-jobi,while too many harvest times was inappropriate to the wastewater purification by C.lacryma-jobi and the nutrients accumulation.So,C.lacryma-jobi should be harvested completely in August during its growth period,and twice-3 times of harvests was appropriate.

Anti-tumor effect of coix seed based on the theory of medicinal and food homology

Coix seed is a dry and mature seed of Coix lacryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen(Roman.)Stapf in the Gramineae family.Coix seed has a sweet,light taste,and a cool nature.Coix seed enters the spleen,stomach,and lung meridians.It has the effects of promoting diuresis and dampness,strengthening the spleen to prevent diarrhea,removing arthralgia,expelling pus,and detoxifying and dispersing nodules.It is used for the treatment of edema,athlete's foot,poor urination,spleen deficiency and diarrhea,dampness and obstruction,lung carbuncle,intestinal carbuncle,verruca,and cancer.The medicinal and health value is high,and it has been included in the list of medicinal and food sources in China,which has a large development and application space.This article reviews the current research achievements in the processing methods and anti-tumor activities of Coix seed and provides examples of its clinical application in ancient and modern times,aiming to provide reference for further research on Coix seed and contribute to its clinical application and development.Through the analysis of the traditional Chinese patent medicines,and simple preparations and related health food of Coix seed queried by Yaozhi.com,the source,function,and dosage form of Coix seed were comprehensively analyzed,with a view of providing a reference for the development of Coix seed medicine and food.

Screening and Analysis of Germplasm Resources of Wild Coix lacryma-jobi L. with High Content of Coixin

[Objectives] To screen and analyze germplasm resources of wild Coix lacryma-jobi L. with high content of coixin. [Methods] From the 150 kinds of collected wild C. lacryma-jobi L. germplasm resources, 24 kinds of excellent resources were screened and detected. Morphological statistics were carried out, and the content of coixin in the four organ of roots, stems, leaves and seeds were measured, and the approved cultivar white husk Liugu of C. lacryma-jobi L. was taking as the control. [Results] Among the organs of the plant of C. lacryma-jobi L., the roots had the highest content of coixin, so the roots of C. lacryma-jobi L. can be used as the medicinal parts of C. lacryma-jobi L. [Conclusions] The wild C. lacryma-jobi L.Y229, Y164, Y166, Y83, and Y84 stains had excellent yield, and their root coixin content was significantly higher than that of the control variety, so they can be used for cultivation as excellent germplasm, so as to obtain new variety(line) of C. lacryma-jobi L.with higher content of coixin.

Extraction of Flavonoids from Leaves of Coix lacryma-jobi L.

[Objectives] To extract the flavonoids from leaves of Coix lacryma-jobi L. [Methods] Ethanol extraction method was adopted,spectrophotometry was used,and single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were carried out to study the effects of ethanol percentage,extraction temperature,solid-to-liquid ratio and extraction time on the extraction of total flavonoids from leaves of C. lacryma-jobi L.[Results] The order of 4 factors influencing the extraction of flavonoids from leaves of C. lacryma-jobi L. was: solid-to-liquid ratio > extraction time > ethanol percentage > extraction temperature. When the extraction temperature was 70℃,the extraction time was 1. 5 h and the solid-liquid ratio was 1: 10,the ethanol percentage was 60%,the extraction effect was the best,extraction of flavonoids was 0. 107 5 mg/m L.[Conclusions] This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of C. lacryma-jobi L.

Effects of Different Herbicides on Weed Control,Agronomic Characters and Grain Quality of Coix lacryma-jobi L.

[Objectives]The paper was to study the effects of different herbicides on weed control,agronomic characters and grain quality of Coix lacryma-jobi L.[Methods]Six commonly used herbicides were selected for the trial,including atrazine SC,butachlor SC,monosulfuron WP,MCPA-starane EC,clopyralid AS and tribenuron-methyl WP.[Results](i)Atrazine,butachlor and monosulfuron had no chemical injury to C.lacryma-jobi L.,while clopyralid caused slight chemical injury.(ii)The fresh weight control effects of atrazine,butachlor and monosulfuron on weeds increased first and then decreased.The initial control effect of MCPA-starane and clopyralid reached more than 90%;the control effect of monosulfuron increased gradually in the late stage,reaching 97%at 60 d post spraying,and the overall control effect was optimal.(iii)Compared with manual weeding,herbicides had no significant effect on plant height of C.lacryma-jobi L.However,compared with no weeding,other herbicides except tribenuron-methyl inhibited plant growth to a certain extent.Herbicides had different effects on main stem diameter,tiller number per plant and grain number per plant of C.lacryma-jobi L.(iv)Different herbicides had no significant effect on 100-grain weight,but had significant effect on yield.(v)Compared with manual weeding,atrazine,butachlor and clopyralid decreased the protein content of C.lacryma-jobi L.,and the use of atrazine,butachlor,monosulfuron,MCPA-starane and tribenuron-methyl decreased the fat content of C.lacryma-jobi L.;butachlor and MCPA-starane decreased the glycerol trioleate content of C.lacryma-jobi L.Compared with no weeding,chemical herbicides had no significant effect on the protein content,while atrazine decreased the fat content,and butachlor and MCPA-starane decreased the glycerol trioleate content of C.lacryma-jobi L.[Conclusions]The use of herbicides significantly increases crop yield compared with no weeding,but has an impact on agronomic characters and grain quality.

Effects of Thallium Stress on Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities of Coix Lacryma-jobi

Levels of T1 （Thallium） in soil from 0 （control） to 50 μg/L through 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2.5μg/L were directly and positively correlated to levels of T1 in plant tissue, the accumulation being maximum in roots, intermediate in leaves and minimum in stems. Thallium, especially at higher concentrations, adversely affected photosynthesis （as judged based on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters）, suggesting inhibition of photo-activation of PSII （Photosystems II）, and also decreased the rate of photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration and stomatal conductivity drastically. Exposure to TI also increased the activity of CAT （Catalase） （except at 1 μg/L） and POD （Peroxidase） （except at 0.2 μg/L）, suggesting that the antioxidant systems in Coix lacryma-jobi were the main contributors of CAT and SOD （Superoxide Dismutase） and that the tolerance of C. lacryma-jobi to T1 is mainly due to this induced antioxidant machinery.

Network pharmacology-based elucidation of molecular biological mechanisms of Kanglaite injection for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

Objective: To investigate the effective compounds, potential targets and molecular mechanism of Kanglaite injection (KLTi) in the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) based on network pharmacology. Methods: The active compounds and targets of KLTi which extracted and isolated from Coix Seed were screened by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The related genes of NSCLC were obtained by searching the Human Gene Database (GeneCards) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). The candidate targets of KLTi in the treatment of NSCLC were obtained after extracting the intersection network. The "drug-component-target-disease" network was constructed with the help of Cytoscape 3.7.2. The Protein- Protein Interaction networks were constructed on the STRING platform and core network modules were screened. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of candidate genes were performed using Metascape platform, and a "pathway-target- compounds" network was constructed to further screen key genes and active compounds. Results: A total of 11 compounds, 22 candidate targets, 206 GO functions and 12 KEGG pathways were obtained. Conclusion: The active compounds of KLTi in the treatment of NSCLC are stigmasterol, stigmasterol α1 and ergosterol. The key targets are PGR, NCOA2, PTGS2, NR3C2, and PTGS1. The core GO functions included receptor activity and binding, neuronal signal transmission and hormone stimulation;KEGG mainly involves cancer pathways, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions and calcium signaling pathways. This study reveals the molecular biological mechanism of KLTi in the treatment of NSCLC, which is speculated to be related to neuroendocrine, providing a new basis and therapeutic direction for subsequent clinical application and experimental research.

A Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Kanglaite injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of Kanglaite injection(KLT)combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.Methods:PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,VIP Data,and Chinese Biomedical Database(CBM)were searched to get the studies about KLT plus chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer(from established to May 2019).Data extraction and bias risk assessment were carried out by two authors independently according to the retrieval method.RevMan(version 5.3)were employed for data analysis.Results:A total of 151 literatures were retrieved and 11 literatures were finally included.A total of 614 patients were included,including 308 in the treatment group and 306 in the control group.The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with chemotherapy alone,KLT combined with chemotherapy could improve the effective rate[Porr=0.0009,OR=1.96,95%CI(1.32,2.92)]and disease control rate[Pdcr<0.00001,OR=2.53,95%CI(1.76,3.62)],improve KPS score[P<0.00001,OR=3.59,95%CI(2.00,6.44)]and body mass indexes[P=0.0003,OR=3.45,95%CI(1.78,6.69)],prolong progression free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS),reduce the rate of myelosuppression[P=0.03,OR=0.54,95%CI(0.30,0.95)],but could not reduce the occurrence of neurotoxicity[P=0.49,OR=0.80,95%CI(0.42,1.51)]and digestive tract reaction[P=0.51,OR=0.83,95%CI(0.48,1.44)].Conclusion:KLT combined with chemotherapy can improve the curative effect of pancreatic cancer,improve the quality of life of patients,prolong the survival of patients,and reduce the incidence of bone marrow suppression.However,due to the limitation of the quality and quantity of included literatures,this conclusion needs to be verified by high-quality study.

薏苡仁注射液对肺腺癌细胞多药耐药性逆转作用的机制研究

目的观察薏苡仁注射液(康莱特)对人肺腺癌细胞A549多药耐药性(MDR)逆转作用,并对其机制进行探讨。方法体外培养人肺腺癌细胞系A549并以不同剂量康莱特进行处理,磺酰罗丹明(sulphorhodamine B,SRB)染色法检测药物对各组细胞的抑制率;反转录-聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)检测多药耐药因子多药耐药基因1(MDR1)、生存素(Survivin)、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2基因(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)mRNA在各组中表达情况;蛋白质印迹(Western blot)法检测P-糖蛋白(P-gp)、Survivin、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白水平表达,将各组结果进行比较。结果 4组肺腺癌细胞A549的抑制率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,与空白对照组比较,康莱特低、中、高剂组抑制率降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。康莱特中、高剂组抑制率比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。康莱特低、中、高剂组MDR1、P-gp、Survivin、Bcl-2表达降低,Bax表达升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论康莱特可抑制肺腺癌细胞生长,该药具有明显的逆转肺腺癌多药耐药性的作用,该作用是通过调节多药耐药因子的表达而实现的。

薏苡仁注射液联合X线照射对人肺腺癌细胞A549抑制作用的机制研究

目的探讨薏苡仁注射液(康莱特)联合X线照射对人肺腺癌细胞A549抑制作用的机制。方法体外培养人肺腺癌细胞A549,分成4组:A549对照组(给予1640培养液);A549康莱特组(给予20μl康莱特);A549照射组(照射4Gy剂量的X线);A549联合组(给予20μl康莱特,同时4Gy的X线照射)。正常细胞系人脑微血管内皮细胞(HBMEC),分成2组:HBMEC对照组(给予0.9%氯化钠溶液);HBMEC康莱特组(给予20μl康莱特)。磺酰罗丹明(SRB)染色法检测康莱特及X线照射对各组细胞的抑制率;逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测增殖、凋亡相关蛋白增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、p53、Bcl-2、BaxmRNA在各组细胞中表达情况;蛋白质印迹(West-ernblot)法检测蛋白表达水平。将各组结果进行比较。结果康莱特联合放疗对6组细胞体外抑制率、PCNA、p53、Bcl-2、BaxmRNA及4种因子的蛋白表达比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中与A549对照组比较,A549康莱特组、A549照射组、A549联合组的抑制率、PCNA和Bcl-2mRNA及4种因子的蛋白表达降低,p53、BaxmRNA及其蛋白表达升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);HBMEC康莱特组与HBMEC对照组比较,抑制率、4种因子表达比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论康莱特可通过调控肿瘤细胞的增殖凋亡来抑制肺腺癌细胞生长,该药与放射联合治疗可进一步增强对肿瘤的抑制作用,探讨康莱特作用机制对指导临床肺腺癌治疗有一定的价值。

薏苡仁甘油三酯(康莱特)治疗晚期恶性肿瘤患者机制研究进展

薏苡仁甘油三酯是薏苡仁中主要的抗肿瘤活性成份,其制剂康莱特注射液为双相广谱抗肿瘤、可供静脉直接输注的新型脂肪乳剂。研究表明,康莱特注射液在肺、肝、脑、乳腺等多种癌症治疗中均有较好疗效,特别在原发性肝癌和晚期非小细胞癌的治疗中有显著疗效,且副作用较少。在控制癌变的同时还能增加患者的机体免疫力,延长疾病的进展时间,很大程度上提高了临床疗效。本文主要阐述近些年薏苡仁甘油三酯在晚期恶性肿瘤中的疗效和作用机制的研究进展。

薏苡仁甘油三酯对三维适形放疗同步吉西他滨化疗治疗局部晚期胰腺癌患者耐受性的影响

目的:探讨薏苡仁甘油三酯注射液对三维适形放疗同步吉西他滨化疗治疗局部晚期胰腺癌患者耐受性的影响。方法:将局部不可手术的晚期胰腺癌患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,两组均采用三维适形放疗同步吉西他滨化疗。放疗靶区剂量为45-50Gy/(25次.5周)。吉西他滨800mg/m2,静滴,第1、8、15天,28天为1周期,共2周期。治疗组同时加用薏苡仁甘油三酯注射液(100ml/d),静滴,连用21天,28天为1疗程,共2疗程。结果:治疗组和对照组的放疗中断时间分别为(1.52±0.48)天和(3.42±1.02)天(P=0.000)。化疗完成率分别为56.5%和25.0%(P=0.028)。治疗组患者的临床症状改善率为82.6%,显著优于对照组的54.1%(P=0.037)。两组1、2年生存率的差异均无统计学意义。治疗组中位生存期为17.2个月,中位无进展生存期为8.6个月,较对照组的12.4个月和5.2个月长,差异有统计学意义(P值分别为0.047和0.040)。结论:在三维适形放疗同步吉西他滨化疗的基础上加用薏苡仁甘油三酯注射液可提高局部晚期胰腺癌患者的耐受性,疗效更好。

康莱特对Patu-8988细胞周期及其调节基因表达的影响

目的 研究康莱特注射液对人胰腺癌细胞周期及其调节基因表达的影响 ,探讨康莱特的药理机制。方法 通过流式细胞仪 DNA含量分析法检测康莱特对人胰腺癌细胞系 Patu- 8988细胞周期的影响 ,应用基因芯片技术分析加药前后细胞周期调节基因的表达差异 ,并以 Western blot对部分基因蛋白产物的表达进行验证。结果 2 0 μl/ ml康莱特作用 Patu- 8988细胞 2 4 h后 ,G2 / M期细胞比率从(17.79± 0 .16 ) %上升至 (2 3.96 ± 2 .33) % ,而 S期细胞比率则由 (36 .6 1± 2 .97) %降至 (2 4 .76 ±4 .92 ) %。基因芯片结果显示 ,在 96条有关细胞周期的目的基因中共有 2 7条基因表达发生大于 3倍的显著变化 ,其中表达上调的基因 17条 ,下调的 10条。Western blot表明 cyclin A、cyclin B1、cyclin E、p2 1等蛋白表达改变与基因芯片结果一致。结论 康莱特的药理作用之一是使细胞周期相关基因的表达发生改变 ,从而影响细胞增殖。

聚肌胞皮损内注射联合加大剂量薏苡仁水煎液内服治疗扁平疣的临床疗效观察

目的探索聚肌胞皮损内注射联合加大剂量薏苡仁水煎液内服治疗扁平疣的临床疗效。方法将符合扁平疣患者135例随机分成三组,试验组A组、对照组B组和对照组C组各45例。试验组A组(n=45)给予皮损内注射聚肌胞注射液,每周1次;同时每日给予加大剂量薏苡仁90 g水煎600 ml分3次内服。对照组B组(n=45)给予皮损内注射聚肌胞注射液,每周1次。对照组C组(n=45)给予皮损内注射聚肌胞注射液,每周1次;同时每日给予常规剂量薏苡仁30 g水煎600 ml分3次内服。三组治疗疗程均为8周。治疗结束后,对三组的临床疗效进行比较。治疗结束3个月后,对三组基本治愈患者进行随访,记录三组的复发病例数,比较三组的复发率。结果试验组A组的临床疗效率明显高于对照组B组和对照组C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而对照组B组和C组临床疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组A组和对照组C组两组的复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而试验组A组和对照组C组的复发率均明显低于对照组B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论聚肌胞皮损内注射联合常规剂量薏苡仁水煎液内服比聚肌胞皮损内注射治疗扁平疣复发率更低,但临床疗效无明显差异。而聚肌胞皮损内注射联合加大剂量薏苡仁水煎液内服比聚肌胞皮损内注射治疗扁平疣复发率更低,且临床疗效更加明显。

薏苡仁注射液联合羟喜树碱治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌恶性胸腔积液的疗效及机制

目的观察薏苡仁注射液(康莱特)联合羟喜树碱对老年(≥60岁)晚期非小细胞肺癌恶性胸腔积液的治疗效果,并对其机制进行分析。方法接受胸腔药物注射的确诊为晚期非小细胞肺癌恶性胸腔积液老年患者共68例,其中联合用药组38例、羟喜树碱组30例,观察治疗效果,并检测胸水生化指标(乳酸脱氢酶、总胆固醇、腺苷脱氨酶)、外周血免疫细胞亚群及胸腔脱落细胞凋亡相关因子(Survivin、Bcl-2、Bax)mRNA的变化情况。结果联合用药组近期有效率为86.84%(33/38),高于对照组的76.67%(23/30)(P<0.05);联合用药组在生化指标及免疫指标方面优于对照组(均P<0.05);治疗后联合用药组病人凋亡抑制因子Survivin、Bcl-2的mRNA表达下降,而促凋亡因子Bax的mRNA表达升高(均P<0.05);与对照组比较,联合用药组各因子的变化更为明显。结论康莱特联合羟喜树碱治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌恶性胸腔积液效果良好并可有效改善免疫功能,其机制可能与康莱特调控凋亡相关蛋白的表达有关。

基于网络药理学的康莱特注射液治疗非小细胞肺癌的分子生物学机制研究

目的:基于网络药理学探索康莱特注射液治疗非小细胞肺癌的活性成分、潜在靶点及分子机制研究。方法:在TCMSP数据库筛选康莱特注射液即薏苡仁的有效成分及靶点,同时检索GeneCards、OMIM、TTD获得非小细胞肺癌的相关基因,经抽取交集网络后可获得康莱特注射液治疗非小细胞肺癌的候选基因靶点。借助Cytoscape 3.7.2构建“药物-化合物-靶点-疾病”网络,在STRING平台构建PPI网络并筛选核心网络模块。利用Metascape平台对候选基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析,并构建“通路-靶点-化合物”网络,以进一步筛选关键基因与有效成分。结果:共得到活性成分11个,候选靶点22个,GO功能206个和KEGG通路12条。结论:康莱特注射液治疗非小细胞肺癌的有效成分为豆甾醇、豆甾醇α1、麦角甾醇等;关键靶点为PGR、NCOA2、PTGS2、NR3C2、PTGS1等。GO功能包括受体的活性与结合、神经元信号的传递及激素刺激;KEGG则主要涉及癌症途径、神经活性配体-受体相互作用及钙离子信号通路。本研究揭示了康莱特注射液治疗非小细胞肺癌的分子生物学机制,推测与神经内分泌相关,为后续临床应用与实验研究提供了新的依据与治疗方向。

Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and anthelmintic activities of leaf and seed extracts of Coix lacryma-jobi L.

Objective: To evaluate the possible phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and anthelmintic activity of Coix lacryma-jobi L. (Job's tears) using the chloroform leaves and seed extracts. Methods: The test for antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration was conducted by the disc diffusion and two-fold dilution method, respectively. In anthelmintic activity test, using Pheretima posthuma model, vermifuge and vermicidal activity were determined by using the chloroform extract at various concentrations. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of chloroform extracts of Job's tears leaves indicated the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, saponin, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and steroids whereas the seeds extract contained glycosides, flavonoids, phenols and steroids, which revealed highest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (12.5–50 mg/mL) was observed against all selected bacteria. On the other hand, it has been observed that chloroform leaves extracts showed shortest time of paralysis (P = 8.17 min) and death (D = 18.23 min) at 100 mg/mL concentration, in comparison with seed extracts (P = 36.83 min and D = 62.33 min) at 100 mg/mL concentration and albendazole (10 mg/mL) used as reference drug (P = 20.17 min and D = 43.67 min), which indicated the plant possessed mild anthelmintic activity. Conclusions: The chloroform extracts (leaves and seeds) showed efficacy for both bacterial infections and parasitic diseases, which ensure the traditional uses of Coix lacryma-jobi L.

Shelf life evaluation of formulated cookies from Hanjeli (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) and Moringa leaf flour (Moringa oleifera)

Hanjeli(Coix lacryma-jobi L.)and moringa leaf(Moringa oleifera)remain underutilised despite their high nutritional value for food.In the present research,cookies made from hanjeli(Coix lacryma-jobi L.)with moringa leaf flour(Moringa oleifera)have been developed.Hanjeli cookies were measured for nutritional composition and shelf life assessment.The shelf life evaluation of hanjeli-moringa cookies was calculated using two approaches,which were accelerated shelf life testing(ASLT)methods with critical moisture content and the Arrhenius method.The results of the nutritional composition analysis showed that hanjeli-moringa cookies contain protein(9.14%),fat(24.67%),carbohydrates(61.62%),crude fibre(4.85%),and energy(505.01 Kcal).Using the Arrhenius method,the shelf life of hanjeli-moringa cookies was 95.46 days at room temperature and 97.63 days at 20℃.Meanwhile,the shelf life of cookies using the critical moisture content approach was 170.57 days.Shelf life is influenced by initial moisture content,critical water content of the product,packaging surface area and permeability,saturated vapour pressure,and slope sorption isotherm curve.The formulated cookies have significant amounts of nutrients that are acceptable and safe for consumption,with guaranteed desirable sensory properties.The result of this study shows that hanjeli-moringa cookies can be used as an alternative food for people who need high energy in a practical way of serving or ready to eat.

发芽前后薏苡仁中多糖含量变化分析

对4个品种薏苡（Coix lacrytruz-jobiL．var．ma—yuenStapf）仁芽前后的多糖含量进行测定，结果表明，不同品种薏苡仁中的多糖含量不同，发芽后各品种薏苡仁中多糖含量均有所上升，不同品种薏苡仁多糖含量的上升幅度也有较大差异。台安农种薏苡仁发芽前多糖含量最高．发芽后其多糖含量的上升幅度也最大，上升率高达24．86％；安国五谷的多糖含量在发芽前后都最低，但其上升幅度也较大，上升率为17．92％；临沂薏苡仁多糖含量在发芽前后变化幅度最小，上升率仅为2．72％。

Evolution and Domestication Footprints Uncovered from the Genomes of Coix

Coix lacryma-jobi,a plant species closely related to Zea and Sorghum,is an important food and medicinal crop in Asia.However,no reference genome of this species has been reported,and its exact phylogeny within the Andropogoneae remains unresolved.Here,we generated a high-quality genome assembly of coix comprising～1.73 Gb with 44485 predicted protein-coding genes.We found coix to be a typical diploid plant with an overall 1-to-1 syntenic relationship with the Sorghum genome,despite its drastic genome expansion(～2.3-fold)due mainly to the activity of transposable elements.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that coix diverged with sorghum～10.41 million years ago,which was～1.49 million years later than the divergence between sorghum and maize.Resequencing of 27 additional coix accessions revealed that they could be unambiguously separated into wild relatives and cultivars,and suggested that coix experienced a strong genetic bottleneck,resulting in the loss of about half of the genetic diversity during domestication,even though many traits have remained undomesticated.Our data not only provide novel comparative genomic and evolutionary insights into the Andropogoneae lineage,but also an important resource that will greatly benefit molecular breeding of this important crop.