The standard approach to organ preservation in liver transplantation is by static cold storage and the time between the cross-clamping of a graft in a donor and its reperfusion in the recipient is defined as cold isch...The standard approach to organ preservation in liver transplantation is by static cold storage and the time between the cross-clamping of a graft in a donor and its reperfusion in the recipient is defined as cold ischemia time(CIT).This simple definition reveals a multifactorial time frame that depends on donor hepatectomy time,transit time,and recipient surgery time,and is one of the most important donor-related risk factors which may influence the graft and recipient’s survival.Recently,the growing demand for the use of marginal liver grafts has prompted scientific exploration to analyze ischemia time factors and develop different organ preservation strategies.This review details the CIT definition and analyzes its different factors.It also explores the most recent strategies developed to implement each timestamp of CIT and to protect the graft from ischemic injury.展开更多
Objective: To examine the effect of warm and cold ischemia on functions of the operated kidney in cases with a normal contralateral kidney undergoing nephron sparing surgery. Methods: This study enrolled 40 patients w...Objective: To examine the effect of warm and cold ischemia on functions of the operated kidney in cases with a normal contralateral kidney undergoing nephron sparing surgery. Methods: This study enrolled 40 patients with a normal contralateral kidney and without a renal function threatening risk factor, who were operated with NSS. The patients were randomized at admission. They were divided into 2 equal groups as warm and cold ischemia. An ice application for 10 minutes was done to cold ischemia group after clamping renal artery. Renal functions were evaluated with Technesium-99m-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (DMSA) and serum creatinine at the preoperative and postoperative (day 1, day 15, month 6, and month 12) period. Statistical analysis was done with Mann Whitney U test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, and Fredman test. A p value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, body mass index, ischemia time, tumor size, amount of hemorrhage, and procedure time. Both groups had a significantly higher DMSA uptake at the preoperative period compared with the postoperative period (postoperative day 1, day 15, month 6, and month 12) (p 0.001). However, both groups had similar DMSA uptake results at the postoperative period. Preoperative and postoperative creatinine levels were not significantly different from each other in both groups. Conclusion: Based on tumor localization, nephron sparing surgery without use of superficial cooling appears as a viable option for small renal masses.展开更多
Objectives To investigate the effect of co-exposure of myocardial ischemia and cold stress on myocardial injury in rats and the relative mechanism.Methods Myocardial ischemia model was established by ligation of left ...Objectives To investigate the effect of co-exposure of myocardial ischemia and cold stress on myocardial injury in rats and the relative mechanism.Methods Myocardial ischemia model was established by ligation of left coronary artery.SD rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups; sham+normal temperature(S group),sham+cold stress(SC group),myocardial ischemia+ normal temperature(Ⅰgroup), myocardial ischemia+cold stress(IC group).On the condition of 26℃,SC and IC groups were keeped in a 4℃artificial chamber for 8h(8;00-16:00) for 4 consecu- tive days.Car diac function was assessed by echocardiography;pathological change was analyzed by HE staining;myocardial infarct size was determined by TTC staining;Bim,Caspase-3 expression in myocardium was determined by western blotting.Results It was demonstrated that co-exposure of myocardial ischemia and cold stress could significantly make the cardiac muscle in abnormal shape,increase the infarct size and the expression of Bim and Caspase-3.Conclusions Co-exposure of myocardial ischemia and cold stress may aggravate the cardiac injury,pro- apoptosis protein Bim is involved.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Organ shortage has led to an increased number of transplantations from extended criteria donors. These organs are more vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, improvement of organ preservation is...BACKGROUND： Organ shortage has led to an increased number of transplantations from extended criteria donors. These organs are more vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, improvement of organ preservation is needed. HTK is a widely used preservation solution for static cold storage in liver transplantation. The present study was to investigate the beneficial effect of warm HTK donor pretreatment on liver preservation.展开更多
The probability of developing primary dysfunction(PD)is a function of the probability of ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury.The probability of I/R injury in turn,is a function of several donor and transplantation process...The probability of developing primary dysfunction(PD)is a function of the probability of ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury.The probability of I/R injury in turn,is a function of several donor and transplantation process variables,among which is ischemia time.Custodio et al studied the duration of a special type of warm ischemia and showed,contrary to what is known,that a longer duration is not statistically different from a shorter one in PD development.This finding opens the door to the unforeseen opportunity of training fellows in performing hepatectomies,since the duration will not jeopardize liver transplant outcomes,albeit with some precautions.展开更多
目的:研究肝再生相关细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)在大鼠移植肝内的表达及其与肝脏再生的关系。方法:建立稳定的冷缺血45 min和10 h 50%大鼠部分肝移植模型,50%肝切除为对照组。术后免疫组织化学检测各组增殖细胞核抗...目的:研究肝再生相关细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)在大鼠移植肝内的表达及其与肝脏再生的关系。方法:建立稳定的冷缺血45 min和10 h 50%大鼠部分肝移植模型,50%肝切除为对照组。术后免疫组织化学检测各组增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、TNF-α、IL-6的表达,RT-PCR检测术后2 h TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA的表达,并探讨TNF-α和IL-6的变化规律及其对大鼠部分肝移植术后肝再生的影响。结果:冷缺血10 h肝移植组PCNA表达明显下降。与对照组相比,冷缺血45 min组大鼠移植肝内细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6表达明显增加,高于对照组和冷缺血10 h组(P<0.05),持续的时间也延长到移植后24h以上。结论:与大鼠肝切除后诱导肝再生的机制相似,TNF-α、IL-6等细胞因子在移植后肝脏再生的早期启动过程中非常重要。短暂冷缺血促进大鼠肝移植后的肝脏再生,较长时间冷缺血降低部分肝移植术后肝再生。展开更多
Organ preservation and ischemia reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation play an important role in the induction of graft injury. One of the earliest events associated with the reperfusion injury is en...Organ preservation and ischemia reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation play an important role in the induction of graft injury. One of the earliest events associated with the reperfusion injury is endothelial cell dysfunction. It is generally accepted that endothelial nitric oxide synthase （e-NOS） is cell-pro- tective by mediating vasodilatation, whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase mediates liver graft injury after transplantation. We conducted a critical review of the literature evaluating the potential applications of regulating and promoting e-NOS activity in liver preservation and transplantation, showing the most current evidence to support the concept that enhanced bioavailability of NO derived from e-NOS is detrimental to ameliorate graft liver preservation, as well as preventing subse- quent graft reperfusion injury. This review deals mainly with the beneficial effects of promoting ＂endogenous＂ pathways for NO generation, via e-NOS inducer drugs in cold preservation solution, surgical strategies such as ischemic preconditioning, and alternative ＂exogenous＂ pathways that focus on the enrichment of cold storage liquid with NO donors. Finally, we also provide a basic bench-to-bed side summary of the liver physiology and cell signalling mechanisms that account for explaining the e-NOS protective effects in liver preservation and transplantation.展开更多
文摘The standard approach to organ preservation in liver transplantation is by static cold storage and the time between the cross-clamping of a graft in a donor and its reperfusion in the recipient is defined as cold ischemia time(CIT).This simple definition reveals a multifactorial time frame that depends on donor hepatectomy time,transit time,and recipient surgery time,and is one of the most important donor-related risk factors which may influence the graft and recipient’s survival.Recently,the growing demand for the use of marginal liver grafts has prompted scientific exploration to analyze ischemia time factors and develop different organ preservation strategies.This review details the CIT definition and analyzes its different factors.It also explores the most recent strategies developed to implement each timestamp of CIT and to protect the graft from ischemic injury.
文摘Objective: To examine the effect of warm and cold ischemia on functions of the operated kidney in cases with a normal contralateral kidney undergoing nephron sparing surgery. Methods: This study enrolled 40 patients with a normal contralateral kidney and without a renal function threatening risk factor, who were operated with NSS. The patients were randomized at admission. They were divided into 2 equal groups as warm and cold ischemia. An ice application for 10 minutes was done to cold ischemia group after clamping renal artery. Renal functions were evaluated with Technesium-99m-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (DMSA) and serum creatinine at the preoperative and postoperative (day 1, day 15, month 6, and month 12) period. Statistical analysis was done with Mann Whitney U test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, and Fredman test. A p value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, body mass index, ischemia time, tumor size, amount of hemorrhage, and procedure time. Both groups had a significantly higher DMSA uptake at the preoperative period compared with the postoperative period (postoperative day 1, day 15, month 6, and month 12) (p 0.001). However, both groups had similar DMSA uptake results at the postoperative period. Preoperative and postoperative creatinine levels were not significantly different from each other in both groups. Conclusion: Based on tumor localization, nephron sparing surgery without use of superficial cooling appears as a viable option for small renal masses.
文摘Objectives To investigate the effect of co-exposure of myocardial ischemia and cold stress on myocardial injury in rats and the relative mechanism.Methods Myocardial ischemia model was established by ligation of left coronary artery.SD rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups; sham+normal temperature(S group),sham+cold stress(SC group),myocardial ischemia+ normal temperature(Ⅰgroup), myocardial ischemia+cold stress(IC group).On the condition of 26℃,SC and IC groups were keeped in a 4℃artificial chamber for 8h(8;00-16:00) for 4 consecu- tive days.Car diac function was assessed by echocardiography;pathological change was analyzed by HE staining;myocardial infarct size was determined by TTC staining;Bim,Caspase-3 expression in myocardium was determined by western blotting.Results It was demonstrated that co-exposure of myocardial ischemia and cold stress could significantly make the cardiac muscle in abnormal shape,increase the infarct size and the expression of Bim and Caspase-3.Conclusions Co-exposure of myocardial ischemia and cold stress may aggravate the cardiac injury,pro- apoptosis protein Bim is involved.
基金supported by a grant of"Else-Kroner Fresenius Stiftung"(p49/07//A68/07)
文摘BACKGROUND： Organ shortage has led to an increased number of transplantations from extended criteria donors. These organs are more vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, improvement of organ preservation is needed. HTK is a widely used preservation solution for static cold storage in liver transplantation. The present study was to investigate the beneficial effect of warm HTK donor pretreatment on liver preservation.
文摘The probability of developing primary dysfunction(PD)is a function of the probability of ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury.The probability of I/R injury in turn,is a function of several donor and transplantation process variables,among which is ischemia time.Custodio et al studied the duration of a special type of warm ischemia and showed,contrary to what is known,that a longer duration is not statistically different from a shorter one in PD development.This finding opens the door to the unforeseen opportunity of training fellows in performing hepatectomies,since the duration will not jeopardize liver transplant outcomes,albeit with some precautions.
文摘目的:研究肝再生相关细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)在大鼠移植肝内的表达及其与肝脏再生的关系。方法:建立稳定的冷缺血45 min和10 h 50%大鼠部分肝移植模型,50%肝切除为对照组。术后免疫组织化学检测各组增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、TNF-α、IL-6的表达,RT-PCR检测术后2 h TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA的表达,并探讨TNF-α和IL-6的变化规律及其对大鼠部分肝移植术后肝再生的影响。结果:冷缺血10 h肝移植组PCNA表达明显下降。与对照组相比,冷缺血45 min组大鼠移植肝内细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6表达明显增加,高于对照组和冷缺血10 h组(P<0.05),持续的时间也延长到移植后24h以上。结论:与大鼠肝切除后诱导肝再生的机制相似,TNF-α、IL-6等细胞因子在移植后肝脏再生的早期启动过程中非常重要。短暂冷缺血促进大鼠肝移植后的肝脏再生,较长时间冷缺血降低部分肝移植术后肝再生。
文摘Organ preservation and ischemia reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation play an important role in the induction of graft injury. One of the earliest events associated with the reperfusion injury is endothelial cell dysfunction. It is generally accepted that endothelial nitric oxide synthase （e-NOS） is cell-pro- tective by mediating vasodilatation, whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase mediates liver graft injury after transplantation. We conducted a critical review of the literature evaluating the potential applications of regulating and promoting e-NOS activity in liver preservation and transplantation, showing the most current evidence to support the concept that enhanced bioavailability of NO derived from e-NOS is detrimental to ameliorate graft liver preservation, as well as preventing subse- quent graft reperfusion injury. This review deals mainly with the beneficial effects of promoting ＂endogenous＂ pathways for NO generation, via e-NOS inducer drugs in cold preservation solution, surgical strategies such as ischemic preconditioning, and alternative ＂exogenous＂ pathways that focus on the enrichment of cold storage liquid with NO donors. Finally, we also provide a basic bench-to-bed side summary of the liver physiology and cell signalling mechanisms that account for explaining the e-NOS protective effects in liver preservation and transplantation.
