Research and application on the automatic measuring device for testing transverse thickness difference of cold-rolling steel sheet

Many advanced technologies have been applied in developing the automatic measuring device for testing transverse thickness difference of cold-rolling steel sheet,such as the technologies of automatic control,sensor measurement,marking identification,photographic location,computer application and information transmission.This measuring device can measure the transverse thickness difference of the steel plate accurately and quickly,with a high detection level of automation.It is an effective detection equipment for transverse thickness control of steel plate.Horizontal width of steel plate measuring 0.8-1.4 m, horizontal measurement point positioning accuracy±0.02 mm,thickness range 0.2-2.0 mm, measurement accuracy within±1μm.

Recent Developments in the Study on Oriented Silicon Steel Sheets

Over the past several decades, the texture, properties and manufacture of quality silicon steels have been investigated for application in magnetic devices requiring magnetically soft materials, such as transformers, inductive devices, etc. Most recently, the factors effecting the texture and magnetic properties, e.g. impurities, rolling process and annealing process, have been greatly studied. The benefits of this study are that low core loss silicon steels with stable high-performance can be obtained through an economic production process. This review is intended to summarize the recent developments in the texture, properties, manufacture and application of oriented silicon steel sheets.

Magnetic Properties and Workability of 6.5% Si Steel Sheet Manufactured by Siliconizing Process

A siliconizing process to manufacture 6.5% Si steel sheet has been developed. Electric components, such as transformers and reactors are made easily from 6.5% Si steel sheet. However, improved workability is desirable to increase the applications. Therefore the improvement of workability of 6.5% Si steel sheet was investigated, and the results were obtained as follows: (a) workability of 6.5% Si steel sheet is deteriorated by grain boundary oxidization, (b) grain boundary oxidization can be restrained by the addition of C. Workability and magnetic properties of 6.5% Si steel sheet with C addition are discussed. Furthermore, it was found that the workability of high Si steel sheet was improved remarkably by varying the Si content gradient along the thickness without deterioration of high frequency magnetic properties. This newly developed magnetic gradient high Si steel sheet is also discussed.

Texture Characteristics of Thin Grain Oriented Silicon Steel Sheet Produced by Cross Shear Rolling

Commercial grain oriented silicon steel was cold rolled to thickness from 0.06 to 0.10 mm by cross shear rolling, then annealed in vacuum or a hydrogen atmosphere furnace. Deformation textures of the sheets were researched by ODF method and reverse pole figure quantitative analyses. The results indicate that: in the condition of the cross shear rolling, the deformation texture of rolled sheet is generally similar to that of conventional rolled sheet, however, the texture distribution through the thickness is asymmetrical. With mismatch speed ratio increasing, the amount of Goss texture increases. With reduction ratio increasing, the intensity of γ-fiber becomes strong.

Calculated and Experimental Research of Sheet Resistances of Laser-Doped Silicon Solar Cells

The calculated and experimental research of sheet resistances of crystalline silicon solar cells by dry laser doping is investigated. The nonlinear numerical model on laser melting of crystalline silicon and liquid-phase diffusion of phosphorus atoms by dry laser doping is analyzed by the finite difference method implemented in MATLAB. The melting period and melting depth of crystalline silicon as a function of laser energy density is achieved. The effective liquid-phase diffusion of phosphorus atoms in melting silicon by dry laser doping is confirmed by the rapid decrease of sheet resistances in experimental measurement. The plateau of sheet resistances is reached at around 15 Ω/. The calculated sheet resistances as a function of laser energy density is obtained and the calculated results are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental measurement. Due to the successful verification by comparison between experimental measurement and calculated results, the simulation results could be used to optimize the virtual laser doping parameters.

Characteristics and application of Baosteel's Cr-free ultrathick J coat for non-oriented silicon steel sheets

Baosteel＇ s Cr-free ultrathick J coat for non-oriented silicon steel sheets has excellent insulation performance and has been successfully applied to middle and large scale electric power trains and wind electric power devices, which have stricter requirements than typical for coat insulation. In this paper, the characteristics and application of this type of coating for non-oriented silicon steel sheets were described in detail.

Simulation and prediction in laser bending of silicon sheet

The laser bending of single-crystal silicon sheet （0.2 mm in thickness） was investigated with JK701 Nd：YAG laser. The models were developed to describe the beam characteristics of pulsed laser. In order to simulate the process of laser bending, the FEM software ANSYS was used to predict the heat temperature and stress-strain fields. The periodic transformation of temperature field and stress-strain distribution was analyzed during pulsed laser scanning silicon sheet. The results indicate that the mechanism of pulsed laser bending silicon is a hybrid mechanism in silicon bending, rather than a simple mechanism of TGM or BM. This work also gets silicon sheet bent after scanning 6 times with pulsed laser, and its bending angle is up to 6.5°. The simulation and prediction results reach well agreement with the verifying experiments.

Effect of water quenching processing parameters on the mechanical properties of a cold-rolled C-Mn-containing steel sheet

Cold-rolled advanced high-strength steel sheets have become the material of choice for the automotive industry because of their unique attributes of high strength and balanced mechanical properties.High-hydrogen gas jet cooling and water quenching are the most commonly used ultrafast cooling technologies for producing martensite-containing high-strength steel sheets.The water quenching technology ensures the fastest industrial cooling rate of 1 000 K/s;therefore,it has the highest potential with respect to saving alloys.In this study,the water quenching of a C-Mn-containing steel sheet is simulated during continuous annealing to investigate the effect of water quenching and tempering parameters on its mechanical properties.The results reveal that at low quenching temperatures,the strength of the steel sheet decreases as the soaking temperature increases.However,at high quenching temperatures,a high soaking temperature corresponds to increased strength after quenching,regardless of whether the material was austenitized in the single austenite zone or the inter-critical zone.Therefore,a high quenching temperature always results in a high strength and a high yield ratio after quenching.Low-temperature overaging(tempering) considerably influences the yield strength and yield ratio,and the extent of this influence is correlated with the soaking temperature.

Effect of annealing parameters on mechanical properties of cold-rolled martensitic steel sheets

Cold-rolled martensitic steel sheets produced on continuous annealing lines with water quenching facility,have advantages of high strength and low alloying element contents.These are in good accordance with the trend of light-weighting and fuel saving for automotive steel.In this article,a cold-rolled martensitic steel is studied to investigate the effect of annealing parameters on its mechanical properties.It is found that the quenching temperature and the slow cooling speed as well as the overageing temperature have significant influence on the strength of the experimental steel.The temperature zone at which the austenite decomposition is slow or has not started may be chosen as the quenching temperature to ensure the steel’s strength stability.The slow cooling speed also influences the steel’s strength greatly.A high cooling rate will lead to significantly higher strength.Tempering would decrease the steel’s tensile strength but would increase its yield strength.

Development and application of Baosteel's cold-rolled martensitic steel sheets

Cold-rolled martensitic steel sheets are becoming widely applied in the automotive industry because of their ultra-high strength,which may result in satisfactory weight reduction. The grades of martensitic steel sheets are classified based on their tensile strength,which ranges from 980 to 1 700 MPa. The main applications include a series of structural parts of uniform cross-section or simple shape,such as bumper beams,door beams and door sills,etc. The study and development of cold-rolled martensitic steel sheets date back to 2007 in Baosteel,and some grades became commercially available in 2009. By 2015,Baosteel had commercially supplied thousands of tons of these steel sheets with tensile strength up to 1 400 MPa. Currently,1 500 MPa martensitic steel sheet is commercially available and 1 700 MPa martensitic steel sheet has been successfully produced. The process technology and application guides of Basoteel ＇s cold-rolled martensitic steels are summarized and analyzed in order to assist ongoing research and ensure correct applications of these ultra-high strength steel sheets.

Preparation of Porous Silicone Resin Sheet with Phase Inversion in Parallel with Non Solvent Induced Phase Separation and Application to Hollow Particle Formation

We have tried to prepare the porous silicone resin sheet with the phase inversion method in parallel with the non solvent induced phase separation method. In the experiment, ethyl acetate and water were adopted as a good solvent and a poor solvent for silicone resin, respectively and ethyl alcohol as an amphiphilic solvent was used to increase the solubility of ethyl acetate in water and decrease the interfacial tension by mass transfer from water to ethyl acetate. The concentration of silicone resin in ethyl acetate and the oil soluble surfactant species were changed. Increasing the concentration of silicone resin could depress coalescence between the water droplets in the (W/O) dispersion and increase the porosity and pore number density of silicone resin sheet. Span 80 among the oil soluble surfactant species made the porosity and pore number density larger. The effect of physical proparties of liquids concerned on the porosity and pore number density was discussed on the basis of dispersing behavior of liquid droplets in the liquid-liquid dispersion. The hollow silicone resin particles could be prepared by applying the preparation method presented here.

Study on Calculation Model of High Speed Machine Silicon Steel Sheet Electromagnetic Characteristics Considering Magnetic, Stress and Temperature Condition

High-speed motor has the characteristics of high frequency, high temperature, and more stress, resulting in the field distribution inside the motor being complicated. To better study the electromagnetic characteristics of silicon steel sheet for high-speed motor. In this article, a study on the calculation model of silicon sheet electromagnetic characteristics considers the effects of electromagnetic, stress, and temperature factors. The study is divided into two parts, one is to propose the calculation model of silicon steel sheet’s permeability;the other is to improve the calculation model of silicon steel sheet’s loss. Then, the magnetic field, stress field, and temperature field of a surface mount high speed permanent magnet motor(SMHSPMSM) are analyzed by finite element method(FEM), and the results under the consideration of magnetic, stress, and temperature factors are brought into the calculation model for calculation. Finally, the accuracy of the calculation model for electromagnetic characteristics of silicon steel sheet is verified by comparing the calculated results with the finite element results.

Properties of ultra-low carbon,cold-rolled sheet steels containing titanium or boron for use in enameling

Ultra-low carbon（ULC）,cold-rolled sheet steels for porcelain enameling containing alloys of titanium and boron are studied. The microstructure,mechanical properties,inclusions,and precipitates of the sheet steels are analyzed. The hydrogen permeation time of the sheet steels as-annealed and after skin-passed or cold-rolled at different reductions are measured. It is show n that the sheet steels possess different features of enameling properties in hydrogen permeability,fishscale resistance,and pinhole resistance.

STUDY ON REDUCING THE CORE LOSS OF GRAIN ORIENTED SILICON STEEL AND IMPROVING ITS AGING PROPERTY BY LASER NITRIDING TECHNIQUE IN ATMOSPHERIC AMBIENT

CW-CO2 laser nitriding technique was applied to improve the properties （such as aging property and the core loss） of grain oriented silicon steel. The samples were nitrided with regular space. Laser power density and scanning speed were chosen as 7.8×10^5W·cm^-2 and 100mm·min^-1. By some laser irradiation, Fe4N and Fe3N were formed in the nitrided zone. The nitrided samples were annealed at the temperatures ranged from 100 to 90℃. The core loss of some interested samples was tested. The results show that the core loss of the nitrided samples with different thickness of 0.23 and 0.30mm decreased by 14.9% and 9.4% respectively, and the aging property were improved up to 800℃. The mechanism of laser nitriding to improve the properties of grain oriented silicon steel is discussed.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY-CRYSTALLINE SILICON THIN FILM

Poly-crystalline silicon thin film has big potential of reducing the cost of solar cells. In this paper the preparation of thin film is introduced, and then the morphology of poly-crystalline thin film, is discussed. On the film we developed poly-crystalline silicon thin film solar cells with efficiency up to 6.05% without anti-reflection coating.

Analysis of formation causes for "oil-burn" defects and control measures during cold rolling of silicon steel

It has been found through analysis of defect components and micrographs that ＂oil-burn＂ defects on non- oriented silicon steel surf＇aces, which of ten occur after cold rolling, are composed of Fe, O, Si and C. This study analyzed the fomation mechanism of ＇toil-burn＂ defects and the strategies to prevent them,and proposed, according to the equipment and process status in the production fields ,some relevant optimized control measures and process adjustment schemes from two perspectives of reducing the residual emulsion trod avoiding the specific temperature range. The results demonstrate that the application of the proposed optimization meastu＇es effectively inhibits the formation of ＂oil-bum＂ defects.

Sheet material lifting mechanism of the manipulator

At present, machine fixed up and down repeatedly work is done by human. Although it is low cost and easy to change plate, there are many shortcomings of the work injury and the low work efficiency. Foreign automatic loading and unloading device has been developed, but the principle is more complex, the cost is higher, the energy consumption is larger, so the automatic loading and unloading robot came into being. Aiming at the transportation of mechanical raw material, an automatic device is designed to transport the scheduled raw materials to the specified position according to the processing requirements. The device has the characteristics of the simple operation, the rapid response and the large range of activities, and has obvious economic and environmental benefits. There is certain popularization value.

CPS-SPWM级联H桥激励的变压器铁耗快速计算方法

针对载波移相(CPS)正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)级联H桥激励的变压器,提出一种基于经典损耗分离模型的铁耗快速计算方法.首先,结合SPWM电压波形特征定义集总占空比,并推导其关于调制比的解析模型;其次,基于经典损耗分离模型和集总占空比,构建CPS-SPWM级联H桥的铁耗计算模型,该方法可以直接使用调制比、直流母线电压等参数对铁耗进行计算,从而避免传统方法中的谐波分析或者数值积分过程;再次,基于本文铁耗计算模型,提出了一种针对SPWM电压激励的有限元(FEM)仿真等效方法,最后,通过实验验证了本文计算方法的有效性.研究结果表明:等效仿真铁耗误差小于3.6%、仿真用时减少74.5%;最大铁耗计算误差为7.6%.

低温高速永磁电机硅钢片铁心电磁性能变化机理研究

由于低温泵用高速电机工作在低温环境中,探究低温环境对构件材料性能的影响、低温条件对电机特性的作用机理以及形成统一的选材原则已经成为该类电机亟待解决的问题。采用实验法在常温(25℃)和低温(-196℃)条件下对不同系列的冷轧无取向硅钢片的电磁性能进行了研究,分析了低温环境与频率对硅钢片电磁性能的影响情况。基于实测数据并采用有限元法计算了电机定子铁耗,得到了电机采用不同系列硅钢片的定子铁耗分布以及变化情况。为了探究低温环境下采用不同系列硅钢片时电机定子铁耗变化幅度不同的原因,采用低温冲击法对硅钢片的矫顽力进行测量,验证了有限元计算所得规律的正确性。探明低温条件对硅钢片电磁性能的影响机理,提出低温高速高频电机铁心材料的选材建议,为低温工作环境下低温电机铁心材料选材提供理论借鉴与参考。

利用等效复磁导率幅值对硅钢叠片铁心的改进均质化方法

工程上通常用电工钢等低损耗软磁材料制作电力变压器叠片铁心,并通过减少磁性材料叠片厚度和涂抹绝缘涂层来降低叠片的涡流损耗。在计算机仿真中通常用均质化方法对多层薄叠片进行建模,但需要在边缘处进行加密剖分以考虑集肤效应,计算成本较未均质化时有所下降,但依然较高。本文利用含有集肤效应的等效复磁导率幅值改进均质化公式,降低边缘网格的剖分数目,进一步降低计算成本。将国际基准问题TEAM 21d-M的20层硅钢片均质化并进行磁通以及损耗计算,结果显示本文所提方法在仿真数据上与实验结果最大误差不超过6%,内存占用、计算耗时上较已有的均质化方法大幅提升,表明改进均质化方法准确度高、速度快。