Residents' Collective Memory of Urban Street and Lane Spaces:A Case Study of the Confucius Temple Block in Nanjing City

Along with the rapid globalization and urbanization,primitive ecological environment and cultural life atmosphere of urban streets and lanes have degraded,memories of the city have been lost,and cities have shown the tendency of convergence and homogenization.Taking the Confucius Temple Block for example,this paper applied cognitive map,oral interview and GIS spatial statistics to study residents' col ective memories of urban street and lane spaces,and found that the locals' collective memories of streets and lanes in the Confucius Temple Block declined gradually in the sequence of "aura area" → "secondary aura area" → "buffer area" → "blind spot area",and "civilian" urban design concept was claimed as the major incentive of the decline.Streets and lanes as important components of urban public spaces have specific historical connotations and genius loci,and they deserve wide concern from the academic circle and the society for their function of protecting collective memories of residents.

Rebellion and Remodeling of individual consciousness for Contemporary Collective Memory ——Taking Online Movie as an Example

In this paper, the network movie as the research object, quoted in the theory of ＂collective memory＂ from Mauric Halbwachs, the academic circles in recent years on the Internet Movie different viewpoint for reference, consult a lot of literatures, the method of interdisciplinary research in the field of psychology, culture, to ＂memory＂, ＂culture＂, ＂group （SOCIAL）＂ in three aspects, analysis of network movie as an expression of individual consciousness, contradiction between individual and collective in the expression of the collective memory of the film, through the analysis of the network specific expression, expression, the expression of an important role in the formation of rebellious sense for people aesthetic psychology, the awakening of individual consciousness and group identity. Therefore, it is necessary to culture the appearance and development of Internet Movie, is bound to the mode of expression, the people＇s cultural psychology and social individual to collective identity have significant influence.

Blank Spots in Collective Memory:A Case Study of Russia

The dynamics of collective remembering are examined by analyzing what happens when a 'blank spot'in history is filled with information that had previously not been available or publicly acknowledged. Taking Russian accounts of the secret protocols of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of 1939 as a case study,it is argued that 'schematic narrative templates'that shape deep collective memory give rise to a tendency to maintain this memory and help it overcome the 'narrative rift ' that occurs when embarrassing episodes from the past are publicly acknowledged. Schematic narrative templates are set forth as underlying strong conservative forces that resist change in collective memory at a deep level. It is suggested that debates grounded in formal history may help overcome this resistance to change but that such efforts will be limited as long as the forces of deep collective memory are not recognized.

Collective Trauma and National Behavior in Times of Threat The Israeli Public and the 2014 War in Gaza

This paper analyzes the impact of past trauma on national behavior in times of threat, applying Volkan＇s （2001, 2004） theory of multigenerational impact of trauma on large groups, and La Capra＇s （2014） theory of the use of the concept of individuals＇ trauma for understanding the behavior of traumatized collectives. The study of the Israeli response to the abduction and murder of three teenagers in summer 2014 is consistent with these theories, and shows how a collective with trauma in its past behaves similarly to a posttraumatic person. The paper contends that due to its traumatic past, the Jewish Israeli public perceived a tragic but limited （from a national security standpoint） hostile action as a grave collective threat, which invoked past demons and brought back existential fears. These feelings were inflamed by the Israeli media and leaders, paving the way for an escalation of the event into an armed battle.

Between Old and New: Urban Interventions in German City Centres

The collective memory of European cities is preserved not only in monuments and urban artefacts,but also in the minute structure of urban parcels and blocks,in the layout of streets,squares and natural elements.This memory,often canceled and partially removed during last century,survives beyond its material dimension,also through the representation of its image transmitted to us through iconographic documents.Through these documents we can imagine these spaces that have slowly built up over time as real lieux de mémoire.The rebirth of those places inside German historical centers is based on different levels:the morphological layout of urban spaces and blocks,the typological solution of each house,the urban image recreated,between philologic re-proposal and critical reinterpretation.The aim of regaining its lost historicity depends on the appropriateness of architectural and technical solutions adopted in each project,beyond too simplistic oppositions between terms like Old&New or Authentic&Fake.In this sense,such case-studies are not to be understood as nostalgic attempts to reproduce the city as it was,nor as artificial simulacra or hyperrealities,but as mature examples of critical reconstruction,according to the meaning introduced in the European debate since the 1970s.

Memory,Identity and Cross-Cultural Communication:The Evolution of the Image of Chinese Railway Workers in Canada and the Reconstruction of Multiculturalism

International migrants confront many new challenges from the impact of global populism and geopolitics,but we also see the growth of a new identity culture.The Chinese community in Canada constructs its identity through the collective memory of the image of Chinese railway workers,and realizes the cross-cultural communication of a new identity culture in the course of the interaction of symbolic cultural practices.Since the 1980s,the image of Chinese railway workers has changed from"the indispensable evil"to"pioneers in nation-building"and"a tragic group subjected to injustice."This is a product of the collective memory of the Chinese ethnic group's pursuit of identity in Canada's multicultural reconstruction.The Chinese ethnic group has reshaped an image of Chinese railway workers that has been widely disseminated through cross-cultural means.They have aimed at gaining social acceptance and fundamental recognition of a Chinese-Canadian identity with the help of their"native cultural heritage and historical resources"in Canada.The construction of this identity culture through collective memory has consolidated the foundations of multiculturalism.

Becoming a historical thinker might be the first step for developing a consciousness of reasoned conciliation

The goal of this presentation is to examine the hypothesis that the ethno-political conflict in Israel can be utilized in history education to foster learning of historical thinking and to construct a tolerant space within the education system that will enable the structuring of in-principle criteria for coexistence prior to the ending of the conflict. I assumed that inculcation of historical knowledge in the education system in Israel by means of an attentive and reflexive cultural dialogue, which sensitively and skillfully confronts contradictory historical narratives as an everyday learning reality in class, will help structure a conciliatory consciousness of the kind we seek.

A Glimpse of Hong Kong ＂Chineseness＂： Pre-existing Tunes as the Redemption of a Cultural Identity

When the umbrellas were held up against the tear gas attack in the protest on September 28, 2014, the hot issue raised by the marathon-like Yellow Umbrella Movement was not only the matter of politics but also a coincidence created for the Hong Kong locals to face, or to be faced with an already moot cliche： How the Hongkongese can redef＇me and redeem their almost lost socio-cultural identity, particularly under the increasingly hegemonic influences and the socio-cultural invasion of the mainland after the 1997 Handover. My present paper is not intended to discuss the topic of identity on the platform of politics, or the postcolonial studies such as transculturation or cultural hybridty. But instead, I am far more interested in locating such issue on the aesthetic dimension of collective memory, which is revealed in two local contemporary Hong Kong compositions. In the process of shaping and reshaping a form of＂HongKongeseness＂ in which the composers tend to create and the local listeners tend to experience, albeit transient, can appear in every nuance of the sonic metaphor embedded in the pre-existing indigenous tunes of a self-contained compositional work.

National Ethos as a Necessary Factor in Mobilizing for Warfare

When nations are threatened with violence, the choices they make in order to cope with the challenges of war reflect different alternative possible reactions. They may choose to fight their battles fiercely or they may prefer to surrender and, sometimes, the options lay in-between. The question, therefore, is what makes nations fight and, more importantly, what causes them eventually to win or lose a war. In search of an answer to this riddle, this study examines secondary sources about three historical case studies taken from the first half of the twentieth century that deal with the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Norway, and the Soviet Union. It concentrates on the part played by national ethos regarding the manner in which each of them handled their wars in moments of crisis and reveals how national ethos is intertwined with another phenomenon of social psychology that turns it into a crucial factor in the management of international campaigns： enthusiasm for war. A wide historical perspective, however, shows that even though the right kind of national ethos is essential for winning a war, it is far from being enough. Hence national ethos proves, at the end of the day, to be a necessary condition for military victory, but certainly not a sufficient one.

The semiotics of humor in cultural trauma:a pilot study on digital methodology concerning the evolution and overcoming of trauma through humor on the example of Rick and Morty

This pilot study on humor in cultural trauma uses innovative digital methodologies in speech recognition and social media analysis via Postman and Python in the Twitter API v2 to propose different forms to gather and analyze empirical data on semiotics and humor to be used in a broader context.The given example of humorous instances on the cultural trauma of 9/11 in the fictional sitcom Rick and Morty is limited but corroborated by a second example that is structurally different from the first:humor about 9/11 in stand-up comedy by Louis C.K.Based on the data,humor in trauma seems to undergo a 5-phase-typology related to the Kübler-Ross model of grief,which is mended by the(digital)participation of society.Society,we argue,both shapes the discourse on humor in trauma and overcomes the traumatic effects through humorous discourse.

Reconstruction of the remembrance:Palace of Culture in Slantsy

Impressive public architecture has a power to influence and imbue a space with a legend and cultural and social values and accumulate collective memories.A Palace of Culture,or Dvorets Kurtury in Russian,represents a socialist belief,commonwealth,and peopled democracy.The monumental Stalinist Palace of Culture is a multifunctional public architecture that was built as a sociocultural epicenter in many Soviet cities.The case of the Palace of Culture in Slantsy,which is a mining town in Leningrad Region in Russia,may be an eloquent projection of this building type and its era.The edifice is currently under reconstruction after its abandonment for a long time,thereby entailing the reincarnation of citizens1 memories and the creation of new hopes and experiences.

The Enabling and Constraining Nationalist Discourse and Effects of Strategic Narratives： China＇s Foreign Relations

This paper examines the projection and reception of strategic narratives in the realm of Chinese nationalism and the impact of contemporary official nationalist discourse on Beijing＇s foreign policy making. Within the analytic framework of political symbolism, the paper dissects the divergent national identities reflective in different semantic and syntactic relationships inherent in the state-crafted historical narratives in contemporary China. In the post-Tiananmen era, the signification of the traumatic symbol of national humiliation in modem Chinese history, projected in the form of strategic narratives by the Party-state in patriotic education, has given rise to a societal force that threatens to internalize the historical conflicts on the foreign relations fi：ont. The counter-effect of strategic narratives, which has constrained the rationality of the state＇s foreign policy making, implies that collective memory is not an on^ztemand resource for the authoritarian regime to exploit to enhance its legitimacy. The relationship between the Chinese state and society as the constructor and consumer of communicative nationalism cannot be simplistically dichotomized.