The relevance-adaptation theory can be said to be a combination of relevance theory and adaptation theory.It is a kind of cognition of context.Generally speaking,cognition context is a kind of mental cognition,which b...The relevance-adaptation theory can be said to be a combination of relevance theory and adaptation theory.It is a kind of cognition of context.Generally speaking,cognition context is a kind of mental cognition,which belongs to a form of mental structure recognition,relating to the knowledge,understanding and relevance of discourse information in this context.This article mainly elaborates the operation mechanism of relevance and adaptation theory and the comparison of relevance of College English Test Band 4 and 6.This can be used as a reference for relevant academic staff.展开更多
As one of the world well-known high-stakes tests, CET-4 （College English Test Band 4） changed from being generally accepted to being widely questioned in the past 25 years. In spite of a series of reforms of CET-4, ...As one of the world well-known high-stakes tests, CET-4 （College English Test Band 4） changed from being generally accepted to being widely questioned in the past 25 years. In spite of a series of reforms of CET-4, the negative impact of CET-4 remains intense. Three main reasons are probed into here. Firstly, the objective of CET-4 is ambiguous. Secondly, the test objective does not accord with teaching objective. Finally, test contents do not match well with the practical language use. To improve the present passive state of CET-4, some suggestions are given.展开更多
The paper introduces relevance theory and explores the application of relevance theory to CET-4 listening comprehension teaching, especially the teaching of CET-4 listening comprehension in the first section whose tes...The paper introduces relevance theory and explores the application of relevance theory to CET-4 listening comprehension teaching, especially the teaching of CET-4 listening comprehension in the first section whose test format is multiple choice question, simplified as MCQ.展开更多
College English Test is one of large-scale examination in our country. Since it was operated in 1987, the test developers kept on test designing and test analysis. In 2013, the Committee of College English Test announ...College English Test is one of large-scale examination in our country. Since it was operated in 1987, the test developers kept on test designing and test analysis. In 2013, the Committee of College English Test announced to reform CET exams. This paper is mainly to analyze the reform in the writing part of CET4 based on language testing theory. Also, it aims to give a revision of the writing part considering the disadvantages of the reformed one.展开更多
Background: The relationship between growth hormone (GH) and cytokines remains unclear. Several studies have suggested that GH increases tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in both children and adults. However, ...Background: The relationship between growth hormone (GH) and cytokines remains unclear. Several studies have suggested that GH increases tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in both children and adults. However, a number of studies have demonstrated a negative correlation between GH and TNF α. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between endogenous GH secretion and certain pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in short children undergoing GH stimulation testing for evaluation for GH deficiency. Methods: Plasma growth hormone, TNF α, CRP, IL-6, IL1-β, IL-4 and IL-10 levels are obtained at baseline and every 30 minutes for 150 minutes following two provocative agents (clonidine, and either arginine or glucagon). Results: Among the 23 children, 7 are found to be GH deficient. No significant differences in baseline TNF α levels are found between GH deficient and GH sufficient children. No correlation is identified between TNF α levels and GH levels during stimulation testing. Furthermore, no relationship is found between GH and pro-inflammatory cytokines or GH and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Our results do not demonstrate an acute relationship between endogenous GH secretion and the cytokines examined.展开更多
文摘The relevance-adaptation theory can be said to be a combination of relevance theory and adaptation theory.It is a kind of cognition of context.Generally speaking,cognition context is a kind of mental cognition,which belongs to a form of mental structure recognition,relating to the knowledge,understanding and relevance of discourse information in this context.This article mainly elaborates the operation mechanism of relevance and adaptation theory and the comparison of relevance of College English Test Band 4 and 6.This can be used as a reference for relevant academic staff.
文摘As one of the world well-known high-stakes tests, CET-4 （College English Test Band 4） changed from being generally accepted to being widely questioned in the past 25 years. In spite of a series of reforms of CET-4, the negative impact of CET-4 remains intense. Three main reasons are probed into here. Firstly, the objective of CET-4 is ambiguous. Secondly, the test objective does not accord with teaching objective. Finally, test contents do not match well with the practical language use. To improve the present passive state of CET-4, some suggestions are given.
文摘The paper introduces relevance theory and explores the application of relevance theory to CET-4 listening comprehension teaching, especially the teaching of CET-4 listening comprehension in the first section whose test format is multiple choice question, simplified as MCQ.
文摘College English Test is one of large-scale examination in our country. Since it was operated in 1987, the test developers kept on test designing and test analysis. In 2013, the Committee of College English Test announced to reform CET exams. This paper is mainly to analyze the reform in the writing part of CET4 based on language testing theory. Also, it aims to give a revision of the writing part considering the disadvantages of the reformed one.
文摘Background: The relationship between growth hormone (GH) and cytokines remains unclear. Several studies have suggested that GH increases tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in both children and adults. However, a number of studies have demonstrated a negative correlation between GH and TNF α. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between endogenous GH secretion and certain pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in short children undergoing GH stimulation testing for evaluation for GH deficiency. Methods: Plasma growth hormone, TNF α, CRP, IL-6, IL1-β, IL-4 and IL-10 levels are obtained at baseline and every 30 minutes for 150 minutes following two provocative agents (clonidine, and either arginine or glucagon). Results: Among the 23 children, 7 are found to be GH deficient. No significant differences in baseline TNF α levels are found between GH deficient and GH sufficient children. No correlation is identified between TNF α levels and GH levels during stimulation testing. Furthermore, no relationship is found between GH and pro-inflammatory cytokines or GH and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Our results do not demonstrate an acute relationship between endogenous GH secretion and the cytokines examined.
