A new technique,involving tool making,clearing,staining,cutting and mounting specimens on slides,was described for studying Collembola taxonomy.It could resolve the problem of observing Collembola glass specimens unde...A new technique,involving tool making,clearing,staining,cutting and mounting specimens on slides,was described for studying Collembola taxonomy.It could resolve the problem of observing Collembola glass specimens under standard optical microscopy,because the phase-contrast microscope has not been available for all researchers.A type of micro cutting probe(about1μm in tip diameter)was designed,and it made the cutting method go from two-handed to one-handed,which was a huge step forward in the cutting method of Collembola.The micro cutting probe was custom designed for Collembola using two electric grinders,followed by ferric tannate staining with a stable blue color,mounting in specialized solutions and sealing with a neutral quick-drying gum.We also described a method to make glass capillary extractor and glass capillary brush to make sure a better condition of cleared specimens.展开更多
Collembola, commonly called “springtails” are wingless soft-bodied hexapods that are usually between 1 and 3 millimetres in length and occur in varying habits such as, soil surface and litter, under rocks or the bar...Collembola, commonly called “springtails” are wingless soft-bodied hexapods that are usually between 1 and 3 millimetres in length and occur in varying habits such as, soil surface and litter, under rocks or the bark of trees. The great majority develop in soil, feeding on fungi, bacteria, algae and decaying plant matter, and along with other soil fauna constitute the decomposer community. The present study examines the diversity, density, and seasonal variation patterns of collembolan fauna under different intensities of disturbance, as evidenced in a forest and an agroecosystem. Results indicate that both densities and diversity of collembola was higher in the forest than in the agroecosystem. Seasonal fluctuation exhibited an increase from spring to summer and autumn and a decrease during winter. The coorelation patterns with different chemo-edaphic factors did not show any specific trend.Indices of diversity and significant correlation values are discussed in light of landuse.展开更多
The detritivorous soil microarthropods are ideal models for environmental health assessment, but only scant information is available on their biomarker potentials against xenobiotics in the tropical edaphic conditions...The detritivorous soil microarthropods are ideal models for environmental health assessment, but only scant information is available on their biomarker potentials against xenobiotics in the tropical edaphic conditions. This microcosm study has estimated short-term biochemical changes with respect to tissue nutrient levels and digestive enzyme activities in a near cosmopolitan Collembola Cyphoderus javanus Borner exposed to coal fly ash amended lateritic cropland soil (5% and 20% w/w i.e. 50 or 200 t ·ha<sup>-1</sup>), and cadmium sulphate (200 mg/kg soil)/lead acetate (200 mg/kg soil) treated sterile river sand. The levels of total tissue carbohydrates, proteins, free amino acids, and lipids decrease within 7 days in the specimens of fly ash (P α-amylase, cellulase and protease activities are also down regulated by fly ash and heavy metals (P < 0.05). It is also observed the enzyme: protein ratios increase in fly ash treated sets and decrease in lead and cadmium treated specimens. Specimens in treated sets accumulate high levels of lead and cadmium within 15 days, which decrease subsequently probably due to elimination through frequent moulting. These short-term biochemical effects in Collembola have applied importance in C. javanus, as biomarkers for quick ecotoxicological assessments in the tropical agricultural soils.展开更多
The Collembola fauna of Iran has received little attention and this applies in particular to the Hyrcanian forests in northern Iran.In this study,the list of Collembola from north forests of Iran,and collected informa...The Collembola fauna of Iran has received little attention and this applies in particular to the Hyrcanian forests in northern Iran.In this study,the list of Collembola from north forests of Iran,and collected information such as study site,until March 2019 are listed.At present,107 species,belonging to 14 families and 51 genera are known from northern forests of Iran.展开更多
The study aimed to assess the response of ep- and hemiedaphic Collembola communities(activity, richness, community structure) to a disturbance, the subsequent management regime and to the season(summer, winter) in a H...The study aimed to assess the response of ep- and hemiedaphic Collembola communities(activity, richness, community structure) to a disturbance, the subsequent management regime and to the season(summer, winter) in a High Tatra Mountains spruce forest destroyed by a windstorm.Fire and clear-cut resulted in an initial increase in the activity of Collembola inhabiting open areas,opportunistic or generalist species, while forest specialists diminished in numbers or disappeared.Our results indicated that treatment with nonextracted fallen trees(NEX) provided a better chance for forest species to survive compared with their survival in open habitats of extracted(EXT) and wildfire(FIR) treatments. Great species' potential of NEX treatment was indicated by Chao2 estimator and activity/species rarefaction curves. Communities of NEX treatment were more similar to the reference(REF) treatment, documented by ordination and cluster analyses. Thus, leaving fallen timber after a windthrow to natural process of succession is suitable for survival of forest species and maintenance of diversity in forests restoration than timber extraction.Community structure in wildfire(FIR) stands was the most dissimilar to the other treatments. Most of the species trapped in this treatment belonged to hemiedaphic life forms, while the activity of larger epedaphic species diminished. In contrast, the highest number of trapped Collembola in EXT treatment was connected with the larger-bodied epigeic species with fast dispersal ability. The trapping period affected both the number of individuals and species richness;Collembola activity and species diversity in the individual treatments were lower in winter compared with the summer period. Several species increased activity during the winter period, namely Folsomia penicula, Friesea mirabilis, F. truncata, Hypogastrura socialis and Protaphorura aurantiaca.展开更多
Toxic effect of lead(Pb) pollution on Collembola in soils has seldom been studied in depth, which is especially true for growth responses since the juveniles are very small and numerous. A single species test was cond...Toxic effect of lead(Pb) pollution on Collembola in soils has seldom been studied in depth, which is especially true for growth responses since the juveniles are very small and numerous. A single species test was conducted using the collembolan Folsomia candida as the indicator species, and soil Pb pollution(at Pb concentrations of 0, 300, 600, 1 200, 2 400, and 4 800 mg kg^(-1)) was simulated by mixing Pb(NO_(3))_(2) with a natural unpolluted soil. Adult survival, reproduction, body length, and body Pb concentration were determined. Adult survival and reproduction started to decrease at soil Pb concentrations of 1 200 and 600 mg kg^(-1), respectively. Lead concentrations in adult and juvenile bodies increased with increasing Pb concentration in soil. The percentage and individual abundances based on body length analysis showed that the larger adults(2.1–2.6 mm, P < 0.01) were more sensitive to soil Pb concentration than the intermediate(1.9–2.1 mm, P < 0.001) and smaller(1.7–1.9 mm, P < 0.001) adults. Similarly, the larger juveniles(1.0–1.4 mm, P < 0.001) were more sensitive to soil Pb concentration than the intermediate(0.6–1.0 mm, P < 0.001) and smaller(0.3–0.6 mm, P < 0.001) juveniles. For both adults or juveniles, the abundance and percentage of larger individuals declined significantly with increasing soil Pb concentration, suggesting that larger individuals were more sensitive to soil Pb pollution. Therefore, body length features, especially the percentage and abundance of larger individuals, would be potential bio-indicators of soil Pb pollution and possibly other types of soil pollution.展开更多
Collembola are among the most abundant and diverse soil animals contributing significantly to major ecosystem processes.Global climate changes in temperature and precipitation are likely to affect their community stru...Collembola are among the most abundant and diverse soil animals contributing significantly to major ecosystem processes.Global climate changes in temperature and precipitation are likely to affect their community structure and functioning and this is likely to differ along altitudinal gradients.In this study,changes in richness,abundance,and body size of onychiurin Collembola with altitude have been investigated in the Changbai Mountain range of northeast China.Sampling was carried out on a 30 km long transect along forested slopes of the Changbai Mountains.Standardized samples were taken from 800 to 1700 m at seven altitudinal levels.More than 5000 specimens of Onychiurinae representing 13 species were collected,making Onychiuridae(with the sole subfamily Onychiurinae in Changbai)the most abundant Collembolan family in the area.The number of species of Onychiurinae slightly increased along the altitudinal gradient.The average number of species per sample,but not the total abundance,changed significantly but not monotonically with altitude.Body size of Onychiurinae species decreased significantly with increasing altitude contradicting Bergmann’s rule.Furthermore,the abundance of the three body-size groups differentially responded to increasing altitude,with the abundance of the large body-size group decreasing and the abundance of the small body-size group increasing.Our results suggest that the distribution patterns of Collembola along the altitudinal gradient are complicated and may be linked to taxonomic groups and bioclimatic zones.展开更多
Conservation tillage increases soil microarthropod abundance at the global scale.The effect of conservative tillage on microarthropods is soil texture-dependent.This positive effect of conservation tillage is particul...Conservation tillage increases soil microarthropod abundance at the global scale.The effect of conservative tillage on microarthropods is soil texture-dependent.This positive effect of conservation tillage is particularly evident in nutrient-poor soil areas.In temperate humid regions,however,this positive effect of conservation tillage is limited.The effect of conservative tillage on microarthropods varies with fauna group and climate regions.展开更多
文摘A new technique,involving tool making,clearing,staining,cutting and mounting specimens on slides,was described for studying Collembola taxonomy.It could resolve the problem of observing Collembola glass specimens under standard optical microscopy,because the phase-contrast microscope has not been available for all researchers.A type of micro cutting probe(about1μm in tip diameter)was designed,and it made the cutting method go from two-handed to one-handed,which was a huge step forward in the cutting method of Collembola.The micro cutting probe was custom designed for Collembola using two electric grinders,followed by ferric tannate staining with a stable blue color,mounting in specialized solutions and sealing with a neutral quick-drying gum.We also described a method to make glass capillary extractor and glass capillary brush to make sure a better condition of cleared specimens.
文摘Collembola, commonly called “springtails” are wingless soft-bodied hexapods that are usually between 1 and 3 millimetres in length and occur in varying habits such as, soil surface and litter, under rocks or the bark of trees. The great majority develop in soil, feeding on fungi, bacteria, algae and decaying plant matter, and along with other soil fauna constitute the decomposer community. The present study examines the diversity, density, and seasonal variation patterns of collembolan fauna under different intensities of disturbance, as evidenced in a forest and an agroecosystem. Results indicate that both densities and diversity of collembola was higher in the forest than in the agroecosystem. Seasonal fluctuation exhibited an increase from spring to summer and autumn and a decrease during winter. The coorelation patterns with different chemo-edaphic factors did not show any specific trend.Indices of diversity and significant correlation values are discussed in light of landuse.
文摘The detritivorous soil microarthropods are ideal models for environmental health assessment, but only scant information is available on their biomarker potentials against xenobiotics in the tropical edaphic conditions. This microcosm study has estimated short-term biochemical changes with respect to tissue nutrient levels and digestive enzyme activities in a near cosmopolitan Collembola Cyphoderus javanus Borner exposed to coal fly ash amended lateritic cropland soil (5% and 20% w/w i.e. 50 or 200 t ·ha<sup>-1</sup>), and cadmium sulphate (200 mg/kg soil)/lead acetate (200 mg/kg soil) treated sterile river sand. The levels of total tissue carbohydrates, proteins, free amino acids, and lipids decrease within 7 days in the specimens of fly ash (P α-amylase, cellulase and protease activities are also down regulated by fly ash and heavy metals (P < 0.05). It is also observed the enzyme: protein ratios increase in fly ash treated sets and decrease in lead and cadmium treated specimens. Specimens in treated sets accumulate high levels of lead and cadmium within 15 days, which decrease subsequently probably due to elimination through frequent moulting. These short-term biochemical effects in Collembola have applied importance in C. javanus, as biomarkers for quick ecotoxicological assessments in the tropical agricultural soils.
文摘The Collembola fauna of Iran has received little attention and this applies in particular to the Hyrcanian forests in northern Iran.In this study,the list of Collembola from north forests of Iran,and collected information such as study site,until March 2019 are listed.At present,107 species,belonging to 14 families and 51 genera are known from northern forests of Iran.
基金supported from the Slovak Scientific Grant Agency VEGA project no. 1/0282/ 11VVGS grant (Faculty of Science, P.J. Safárik University, Kosice) no. 9/2011
文摘The study aimed to assess the response of ep- and hemiedaphic Collembola communities(activity, richness, community structure) to a disturbance, the subsequent management regime and to the season(summer, winter) in a High Tatra Mountains spruce forest destroyed by a windstorm.Fire and clear-cut resulted in an initial increase in the activity of Collembola inhabiting open areas,opportunistic or generalist species, while forest specialists diminished in numbers or disappeared.Our results indicated that treatment with nonextracted fallen trees(NEX) provided a better chance for forest species to survive compared with their survival in open habitats of extracted(EXT) and wildfire(FIR) treatments. Great species' potential of NEX treatment was indicated by Chao2 estimator and activity/species rarefaction curves. Communities of NEX treatment were more similar to the reference(REF) treatment, documented by ordination and cluster analyses. Thus, leaving fallen timber after a windthrow to natural process of succession is suitable for survival of forest species and maintenance of diversity in forests restoration than timber extraction.Community structure in wildfire(FIR) stands was the most dissimilar to the other treatments. Most of the species trapped in this treatment belonged to hemiedaphic life forms, while the activity of larger epedaphic species diminished. In contrast, the highest number of trapped Collembola in EXT treatment was connected with the larger-bodied epigeic species with fast dispersal ability. The trapping period affected both the number of individuals and species richness;Collembola activity and species diversity in the individual treatments were lower in winter compared with the summer period. Several species increased activity during the winter period, namely Folsomia penicula, Friesea mirabilis, F. truncata, Hypogastrura socialis and Protaphorura aurantiaca.
基金supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (No.2018YFC1802602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41977136)。
文摘Toxic effect of lead(Pb) pollution on Collembola in soils has seldom been studied in depth, which is especially true for growth responses since the juveniles are very small and numerous. A single species test was conducted using the collembolan Folsomia candida as the indicator species, and soil Pb pollution(at Pb concentrations of 0, 300, 600, 1 200, 2 400, and 4 800 mg kg^(-1)) was simulated by mixing Pb(NO_(3))_(2) with a natural unpolluted soil. Adult survival, reproduction, body length, and body Pb concentration were determined. Adult survival and reproduction started to decrease at soil Pb concentrations of 1 200 and 600 mg kg^(-1), respectively. Lead concentrations in adult and juvenile bodies increased with increasing Pb concentration in soil. The percentage and individual abundances based on body length analysis showed that the larger adults(2.1–2.6 mm, P < 0.01) were more sensitive to soil Pb concentration than the intermediate(1.9–2.1 mm, P < 0.001) and smaller(1.7–1.9 mm, P < 0.001) adults. Similarly, the larger juveniles(1.0–1.4 mm, P < 0.001) were more sensitive to soil Pb concentration than the intermediate(0.6–1.0 mm, P < 0.001) and smaller(0.3–0.6 mm, P < 0.001) juveniles. For both adults or juveniles, the abundance and percentage of larger individuals declined significantly with increasing soil Pb concentration, suggesting that larger individuals were more sensitive to soil Pb pollution. Therefore, body length features, especially the percentage and abundance of larger individuals, would be potential bio-indicators of soil Pb pollution and possibly other types of soil pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 41571052,41811530086,41811530279,31861133006)the 2013-2015 CoopIntEer CNRSNSFC projects between China and France+1 种基金the German Research Foundation(DFG,SCHE 376-42/1)the funding provided by Alexander von Humboldt Foundation(Germany).
文摘Collembola are among the most abundant and diverse soil animals contributing significantly to major ecosystem processes.Global climate changes in temperature and precipitation are likely to affect their community structure and functioning and this is likely to differ along altitudinal gradients.In this study,changes in richness,abundance,and body size of onychiurin Collembola with altitude have been investigated in the Changbai Mountain range of northeast China.Sampling was carried out on a 30 km long transect along forested slopes of the Changbai Mountains.Standardized samples were taken from 800 to 1700 m at seven altitudinal levels.More than 5000 specimens of Onychiurinae representing 13 species were collected,making Onychiuridae(with the sole subfamily Onychiurinae in Changbai)the most abundant Collembolan family in the area.The number of species of Onychiurinae slightly increased along the altitudinal gradient.The average number of species per sample,but not the total abundance,changed significantly but not monotonically with altitude.Body size of Onychiurinae species decreased significantly with increasing altitude contradicting Bergmann’s rule.Furthermore,the abundance of the three body-size groups differentially responded to increasing altitude,with the abundance of the large body-size group decreasing and the abundance of the small body-size group increasing.Our results suggest that the distribution patterns of Collembola along the altitudinal gradient are complicated and may be linked to taxonomic groups and bioclimatic zones.
基金supported from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1500201)the National Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2021FY100404 and 2018FY100300)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28020201)Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(2022101185JC).
文摘Conservation tillage increases soil microarthropod abundance at the global scale.The effect of conservative tillage on microarthropods is soil texture-dependent.This positive effect of conservation tillage is particularly evident in nutrient-poor soil areas.In temperate humid regions,however,this positive effect of conservation tillage is limited.The effect of conservative tillage on microarthropods varies with fauna group and climate regions.
