The Arabidopsis Toxicos en Levadura(ATL)protein is a subfamily of the E3 ubiquitin ligases,which exists widely in plants and is extensively involved in plant growth and development.Although the ATL family has been ide...The Arabidopsis Toxicos en Levadura(ATL)protein is a subfamily of the E3 ubiquitin ligases,which exists widely in plants and is extensively involved in plant growth and development.Although the ATL family has been identified in other species,such as Arabidopsis,Oryza sativa,and grapevine,few reports on pear ATL gene families have been reported.In this study,92 PbrATL genes were identified and analyzed from the Pyrus breschneideri genome.Motif analysis and phylogenetic tree generation divided them into nine subgroups,and chromosome localization analysis showed that the 92 PbrATL genes were distributed in 16 of 17 pear chromosomes.Transcriptome data and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments demonstrated that PbrATL18,PbrATL41,and PbrATL88 were involved in both pear drought resistance and Colletotrichum fructicola infection.In addition,Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing PbrATL18 showed greater resistance to drought stress than the wild type(WT),and PbrATL18-silenced pear seedlings showed greater sensitivity to drought and C.fructicola infection than the controls.PbrATL18 regulated plant resistance by regulating chitinase(CHI),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),polyphenol oxidase(PPO),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities.This study provided a reference for further exploring the functions of the PbrATL gene in drought resistance and C.fructicola infection.展开更多
Colletotrichum kahawae(Coffee Berry Disease)spreads through spores that can be carried by wind,rain,and insects affecting coffee plantations,and causes 80%yield losses and poor-quality coffee beans.The deadly disease ...Colletotrichum kahawae(Coffee Berry Disease)spreads through spores that can be carried by wind,rain,and insects affecting coffee plantations,and causes 80%yield losses and poor-quality coffee beans.The deadly disease is hard to control because wind,rain,and insects carry spores.Colombian researchers utilized a deep learning system to identify CBD in coffee cherries at three growth stages and classify photographs of infected and uninfected cherries with 93%accuracy using a random forest method.If the dataset is too small and noisy,the algorithm may not learn data patterns and generate accurate predictions.To overcome the existing challenge,early detection of Colletotrichum Kahawae disease in coffee cherries requires automated processes,prompt recognition,and accurate classifications.The proposed methodology selects CBD image datasets through four different stages for training and testing.XGBoost to train a model on datasets of coffee berries,with each image labeled as healthy or diseased.Once themodel is trained,SHAP algorithmto figure out which features were essential formaking predictions with the proposed model.Some of these characteristics were the cherry’s colour,whether it had spots or other damage,and how big the Lesions were.Virtual inception is important for classification to virtualize the relationship between the colour of the berry is correlated with the presence of disease.To evaluate themodel’s performance andmitigate excess fitting,a 10-fold cross-validation approach is employed.This involves partitioning the dataset into ten subsets,training the model on each subset,and evaluating its performance.In comparison to other contemporary methodologies,the model put forth achieved an accuracy of 98.56%.展开更多
Anthracnose,caused by Colletotrichum truncatum and C.gloeosporioides,is amongst the most serious diseases of soybean in China.Picoxystrobin,a quinone outside inhibitor fungicide,is commonly used for the control of ant...Anthracnose,caused by Colletotrichum truncatum and C.gloeosporioides,is amongst the most serious diseases of soybean in China.Picoxystrobin,a quinone outside inhibitor fungicide,is commonly used for the control of anthracnose.Its resistance risk and mechanism in C.truncatum and C.gloeosporioides are unclear.In this study,the sensitivities of 128 C.truncatum and 121 C.gloeosporioides isolates to picoxystrobin were investigated,and unimodal distributions were observed with average EC_(50)values of 0.7740 and 1.1561μg mL^(-1),respectively.Eleven picoxystrobin-resistant mutants of C.truncatum and six mutants of C.gloeosporioides were acquired,with EC_(50)values varying from 5.40-152.96 and 13.53-28.30μg mL^(-1),respectively.Compared to the parental isolates,mutants showed similar or higher relative fitness in conidial production and germination,and pathogenicity.Collectively,the resistance risk of C.truncatum and C.gloeosporioides to picoxystrobin is moderate to high.There was positive cross-resistance between picoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin,but not between picoxystrobin and fluazinam,difenoconazole,or propiconazole.The G143S mutation in Cyt b protein was detected in seven high-resistant mutants of C.truncatum(RF>100),and G137R occurred in four moderate-resistant mutants(RF<_(50)).Contrastingly,there were no point mutations in Cyt b of any C.gloeosporioides mutants.Molecular docking confirmed that two mutations conferred different resistance levels to picoxystrobin.Under greenhouse trials,picoxystrobin did not control mutants with the G143S mutation,those bearing G137R or no point mutation were somewhat controlled,but at a lower level compared to wild-type isolates.These results showed that integrated management strategies should be implemented to preserve fungicide effectiveness.展开更多
Fruits and vegetables are an essential part of a healthy diet, providing humans with vitamins, phytonutrients, and minerals. They are significantly vulnerable, however, to post-harvest diseases caused by numerous fung...Fruits and vegetables are an essential part of a healthy diet, providing humans with vitamins, phytonutrients, and minerals. They are significantly vulnerable, however, to post-harvest diseases caused by numerous fungal and bacterial pathogens. These pathogens can cause significant quantitative and qualitative losses from harvest to consumption during the handling and storage processes. Chemical fungicides are commonly used but are likely to leave residues on the produce, rendering short shelf-life produce, such as berries, unsuitable for human consumption. Identifying eco-friendly methods to control post-harvest disease is, therefore, of utmost importance. The presence of antifungal constituents in the roots of Poncirus trifoliata extracts was detected by thin layer chromatography-based bioautography. The active constituents were isolated and identified by bioautography assay-guided fractionation using flash chromatography followed by spectroscopic techniques. In this study, xanthoxyletin, demethylsuberosin, dentatin, nordentatin, ponfolin, and clausarin were isolated from the root extracts. The antifungal activity of these compounds was moderate to weak compared to the commercial fungicide captan. This study reports the isolation and identification of natural compounds from Poncirus trifoliata that exhibited antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae and Botrytis cinerea, two major post-harvest pathogens.展开更多
The literature highlights that a severe infection by the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum may be capable of inflicting considerable damage to seeds after harvest, potentially affecting their chemical composition and ph...The literature highlights that a severe infection by the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum may be capable of inflicting considerable damage to seeds after harvest, potentially affecting their chemical composition and physiological quality. Taking into account that currently there is no categorization in terms of susceptibility and tolerance on this pathogen, the present work is presented with the main objective of “Evaluate the influence of Pathogenicity of C. truncatum on the physiological quality (germination, vigor, viability) and biochemical components in different varieties of soybean seeds (Glycine max)” most planted in the region. The work was carried out in the Agrotec laboratory, located in the Municipality of San Alberto (Alto Paraná), using a completely randomized experimental design, with AxB factorial arrangement, where A indicates ten most planted soybean varieties in the region and B with or without artificial inoculation of Colletotrichum truncatum, with twenty treatments and four repetitions. The variables evaluated were: germination, vigor, viability and chemical composition. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the Tukey test at 5% error. The results showed a significant statistical difference, accepting the alternative hypothesis proposed “The pathogenicity of Colletotrichum truncatum influences the physiological quality (germination, vigor, viability) and biochemical components (saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) in different varieties of soybean seeds (Glycine max)”.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1200503)Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund[Grant No.CX(22)3046]+2 种基金the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072538)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-28).
文摘The Arabidopsis Toxicos en Levadura(ATL)protein is a subfamily of the E3 ubiquitin ligases,which exists widely in plants and is extensively involved in plant growth and development.Although the ATL family has been identified in other species,such as Arabidopsis,Oryza sativa,and grapevine,few reports on pear ATL gene families have been reported.In this study,92 PbrATL genes were identified and analyzed from the Pyrus breschneideri genome.Motif analysis and phylogenetic tree generation divided them into nine subgroups,and chromosome localization analysis showed that the 92 PbrATL genes were distributed in 16 of 17 pear chromosomes.Transcriptome data and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments demonstrated that PbrATL18,PbrATL41,and PbrATL88 were involved in both pear drought resistance and Colletotrichum fructicola infection.In addition,Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing PbrATL18 showed greater resistance to drought stress than the wild type(WT),and PbrATL18-silenced pear seedlings showed greater sensitivity to drought and C.fructicola infection than the controls.PbrATL18 regulated plant resistance by regulating chitinase(CHI),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),polyphenol oxidase(PPO),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities.This study provided a reference for further exploring the functions of the PbrATL gene in drought resistance and C.fructicola infection.
基金support from the Deanship for Research&Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia,under the Auspices of Project Number:IFP22UQU4281768DSR122.
文摘Colletotrichum kahawae(Coffee Berry Disease)spreads through spores that can be carried by wind,rain,and insects affecting coffee plantations,and causes 80%yield losses and poor-quality coffee beans.The deadly disease is hard to control because wind,rain,and insects carry spores.Colombian researchers utilized a deep learning system to identify CBD in coffee cherries at three growth stages and classify photographs of infected and uninfected cherries with 93%accuracy using a random forest method.If the dataset is too small and noisy,the algorithm may not learn data patterns and generate accurate predictions.To overcome the existing challenge,early detection of Colletotrichum Kahawae disease in coffee cherries requires automated processes,prompt recognition,and accurate classifications.The proposed methodology selects CBD image datasets through four different stages for training and testing.XGBoost to train a model on datasets of coffee berries,with each image labeled as healthy or diseased.Once themodel is trained,SHAP algorithmto figure out which features were essential formaking predictions with the proposed model.Some of these characteristics were the cherry’s colour,whether it had spots or other damage,and how big the Lesions were.Virtual inception is important for classification to virtualize the relationship between the colour of the berry is correlated with the presence of disease.To evaluate themodel’s performance andmitigate excess fitting,a 10-fold cross-validation approach is employed.This involves partitioning the dataset into ten subsets,training the model on each subset,and evaluating its performance.In comparison to other contemporary methodologies,the model put forth achieved an accuracy of 98.56%.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (2021J01476)East and West Cooperation Project of the Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China (DKBF2022-01)+2 种基金the Project of Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in Fujian Province (2021PZQS006)the “5511” Collaborative Innovation Project of High-quality Agricultural Development and Surpassment in Fujian Province (XTCXGC2021011)the Team Project Funding of Scientific Research Innovation of FAAS, China (CXTD2021002-1).
文摘Anthracnose,caused by Colletotrichum truncatum and C.gloeosporioides,is amongst the most serious diseases of soybean in China.Picoxystrobin,a quinone outside inhibitor fungicide,is commonly used for the control of anthracnose.Its resistance risk and mechanism in C.truncatum and C.gloeosporioides are unclear.In this study,the sensitivities of 128 C.truncatum and 121 C.gloeosporioides isolates to picoxystrobin were investigated,and unimodal distributions were observed with average EC_(50)values of 0.7740 and 1.1561μg mL^(-1),respectively.Eleven picoxystrobin-resistant mutants of C.truncatum and six mutants of C.gloeosporioides were acquired,with EC_(50)values varying from 5.40-152.96 and 13.53-28.30μg mL^(-1),respectively.Compared to the parental isolates,mutants showed similar or higher relative fitness in conidial production and germination,and pathogenicity.Collectively,the resistance risk of C.truncatum and C.gloeosporioides to picoxystrobin is moderate to high.There was positive cross-resistance between picoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin,but not between picoxystrobin and fluazinam,difenoconazole,or propiconazole.The G143S mutation in Cyt b protein was detected in seven high-resistant mutants of C.truncatum(RF>100),and G137R occurred in four moderate-resistant mutants(RF<_(50)).Contrastingly,there were no point mutations in Cyt b of any C.gloeosporioides mutants.Molecular docking confirmed that two mutations conferred different resistance levels to picoxystrobin.Under greenhouse trials,picoxystrobin did not control mutants with the G143S mutation,those bearing G137R or no point mutation were somewhat controlled,but at a lower level compared to wild-type isolates.These results showed that integrated management strategies should be implemented to preserve fungicide effectiveness.
文摘Fruits and vegetables are an essential part of a healthy diet, providing humans with vitamins, phytonutrients, and minerals. They are significantly vulnerable, however, to post-harvest diseases caused by numerous fungal and bacterial pathogens. These pathogens can cause significant quantitative and qualitative losses from harvest to consumption during the handling and storage processes. Chemical fungicides are commonly used but are likely to leave residues on the produce, rendering short shelf-life produce, such as berries, unsuitable for human consumption. Identifying eco-friendly methods to control post-harvest disease is, therefore, of utmost importance. The presence of antifungal constituents in the roots of Poncirus trifoliata extracts was detected by thin layer chromatography-based bioautography. The active constituents were isolated and identified by bioautography assay-guided fractionation using flash chromatography followed by spectroscopic techniques. In this study, xanthoxyletin, demethylsuberosin, dentatin, nordentatin, ponfolin, and clausarin were isolated from the root extracts. The antifungal activity of these compounds was moderate to weak compared to the commercial fungicide captan. This study reports the isolation and identification of natural compounds from Poncirus trifoliata that exhibited antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae and Botrytis cinerea, two major post-harvest pathogens.
文摘The literature highlights that a severe infection by the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum may be capable of inflicting considerable damage to seeds after harvest, potentially affecting their chemical composition and physiological quality. Taking into account that currently there is no categorization in terms of susceptibility and tolerance on this pathogen, the present work is presented with the main objective of “Evaluate the influence of Pathogenicity of C. truncatum on the physiological quality (germination, vigor, viability) and biochemical components in different varieties of soybean seeds (Glycine max)” most planted in the region. The work was carried out in the Agrotec laboratory, located in the Municipality of San Alberto (Alto Paraná), using a completely randomized experimental design, with AxB factorial arrangement, where A indicates ten most planted soybean varieties in the region and B with or without artificial inoculation of Colletotrichum truncatum, with twenty treatments and four repetitions. The variables evaluated were: germination, vigor, viability and chemical composition. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the Tukey test at 5% error. The results showed a significant statistical difference, accepting the alternative hypothesis proposed “The pathogenicity of Colletotrichum truncatum influences the physiological quality (germination, vigor, viability) and biochemical components (saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) in different varieties of soybean seeds (Glycine max)”.
