COLOR FLOW IMAGING OF HEPATIC CARCINOMA

Color flow imaging(CFI)ultrasound technique can discover the tumor vascularity and superimposed it to convontional B-mode ultrasonogram in real-time. The flow velocity on spectral Doppler sonogram can be measured by setting the sample volume to any selected site.One hundred and thirty-six patients with solid hepatic space-occupied lesions had been admitted and 113 cases were confirmed by operation and pathology,23 patients were strongly suspected by hepatic angiography (HAA).Ninety nine patients with 109 nodules were finally diagnosed as hepatic cellular carcinoma(HCC).According to color flow distribution pattern,3 kinds of color configuation had been nominated.Tumor vascularity discovered by CFI,especially the arterial blood flow was easy to be recognized,and its emerge rate was quite different between HCC group(94.5%)and hemangioma(HCH)group(17.07%)(P<0.01).Spectral Doppler studies were also carried out in these cases and the detectability of arterial flow in HCC group(95.41%)was much higher than that to HCH group (21. 95%) (P<0. 005).Resistant index(RI)and pulsatile index(PI)could be used to differentiate HCC (>0. 50 and >0.80 respectively)from HCH (P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively).Arterial-portal(A-P) shunt could also be detected by CFI and spectral Doppler(mostly its Vmax>0.6m/s).The detection rate of A-P shunt was 64% in HCC group,but no case could be detected in HCH group.

iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症诊断中的应用价值

目的研究iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(LEASO)诊断中的应用价值。方法选择2022年3月至2023年10月期间确诊的106例LEASO患者作为本研究的LEASO组,以一般资料与LEASO组匹配且无动脉病变的80例志愿者作为对照组。两组受试者均进行数字减影血管造影(DSA)并采用iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术检测股骨头区域和踝关节区域达峰时间(TTP)、计算踝关节区域与股骨头区域TTP的差值,测量踝肱指数(ABI)。结果两组研究对象年龄、性别、体质量指数、吸烟史、高血压病史、糖尿病史、冠心病史、股骨头区域TTP的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);LEASO组踝关节区域TTP及TTP差值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);LEASO组中不同Rutherford分类患者股骨头区域TTP的比较以及左侧病变患者与右侧病变患者股骨头区域TTP、踝关节区域TTP、TTP差值的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Rutherford分类越高,踝关节区域TTP及TTP差值越低(P<0.05);经Pearson检验,LEASO患者的踝关节区域TTP、TTP差值与ABI呈负相关(P<0.05);经受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析,踝关节区域TTP、TTP差值对LEASO具有诊断效能;经Delong检验,TTP差值诊断的ROC曲线下面积高于踝关节区域TTP(P<0.05)。结论iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术测定踝关节区TTP及TTP差值是诊断LEASO的量化指标。

Real-time Three-Dimensional Color Doppler Flow Imaging： An Improved Technique for Quantitative Analysis of Aortic Regurgitation

The recently introduced real-time three-dimensional color Doppler flow imaging （RT-3D CDFI） technique provides a quick and accurate calculation of regurgitant jet volume （RJV） and fraction. In order to evaluate RT-3D CDFI in the noninvasive assessment of aortic RJV and regurgitant jet fraction （RJF） in patients with isolated aortic regurgitation, real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed on 23 patients with isolated aortic regurgitation to obtain LV end-diastolic volumes （LVEDV）, end-systolic volumes （LVESV） and RJV, and then RJF could be calculated. The regurgitant volume （RV） and regurgitant fraction （RF） calculated by two-dimensional pulsed Doppler （2D-PD） method served as reference values. The results showed that aortic RJV measured by the RT-3D CDFI method showed a good correlation with the 2D-PD measurements （r= 0.93, Y=0.89X＋ 3.9, SEE= 8.6 mL, P〈0.001 ）; the mean （SD） difference between the two methods was - 1.5 （9.8） mL. % RJF estimated by the RT-3D CDFI method was also correlated well with the values obtained by the 2D-PD method （r=0.88, Y=0.71X＋ 14.8, SEE= 6.4 %, P〈0. 001）; the mean （SD） difference between the two methods was -1.2 （7.9） %. It was suggested that the newly developed RT-3D CDFI technique was feasible in the majority of patients. In patients with eccentric aortic regurgitation, this new modality provides additional information to that obtained from the two-dimensional examination, which overcomes the inherent limitations of two-dimensional echocardiography by depicting the full extent of the jet trajectory. In addition, the RT-3D CDFI method is quick and accurate in calculating RJV and RJF.

Hemodynamic Changes on Color Doppler Flow Imaging and Intravenous Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound for Assessing Transplanted Liver and Early Diagnosis of Complications

The value of color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） and intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound （CEUS） for assessing the transplanted liver and early diagnosing complications by examining hemodynamic changes was discussed. Seventy-five patients with orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT） underwent CDFI. The following parameters were measured： peak systolic velocity （PS）, resistance index （RI） and Doppler perfusion index （DPI） of the hepatic artery （HA）, time average velocity （TAV） of portal vein （PV） and velocity of hepatic vein （HV） in different stages postoperation, And 11 patients of them received CEUS. Thirty healthy subjects were enrolled as controls, The results showed that： （1） In 23 patients without obvious complications, TAV of PV within 15 days post-operation was significantly higher than in controls （P〈0.05）, PS and DPI of HA within 7 days postoperation were lower, but RI was higher than in controls （P〈0.05）; （2） When the hepatic artery thrombosis （HAT） occurred, PS and DPI of HA were obviously decreased, but TAV of PV significantly increased like a high saw-tooth wave; （3） While rejection occurred, both TAV of PV and PS of HA were decreased with the increase in RI of HA, and the triphasic wave of HV disappeared and displayed as saw-tooth wave; （4） The incidence of biliary complications in liver transplantation was increased when DPI was reduced; （5） Seven cases of hepatic carcinoma relapse after OLT demonstrated hyperecho in the arterial phase and hypoecho in the portal and later phase on CEUS; （6） In 2 cases of HA thrombus, there was no visualized enhancement in arterial phase of CEUS, but enhancement during the portal vein and parenchymal phase. It was concluded that the hemodynamic changes of PV, HA and HV in the transplanted liver are valuable for assessing the transplanted liver and early diagnosing complications on CDFI and CEUS.

Measurements Of Cerebral Blood Flow in Postasphyxiated Newborns by Color Doppler Imaging（CDI）

Cerebral blood flow of 10 asphyxiated term newborns was continuously measured during the first 7 days of life and compared with that of 10 normal term infants by CDI. Frequency spectrum and blood flow variables in the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries were studied. The results showed evidently lower systolic amplitude in patients than that in normal subjects. End diastolic amplitude was zero in part of vessels, and values of bloed flow variables were all lower in day 1 of the life as compared with the control groups. Frequency spectrum recovered to normal patterns in 9 survived infants in day 2. but blood flow variables recovered to normal by day 7. Values of resistance index (RI) rose to 1 in some vessels of moderate hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) infants and stayed at 1 in the severe HIE infants. It is concluded that low CBF plays a key role in brain damage of post-asphyxiated newborns and RI may be an important parameter in the evaluation prognosis.

Value of Acceleration Flow in the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery for the Detection of Coronary Artery Stenosis by Transthoracic Coronary Color Doppler Echocardiography

Summary： Whether the localized flow acceleration occurs in the resting stenotie left anterior descending coronary artery was explored and its value for detection of coronary stenosis estimated. Blood flow in the left anterior descending coronary arteries in 45 patients was detected by transthoratio color Doppler echocardiograph and multipoint pulse Doppler spectrums were recorded in the same segment. The ratio of the maximal peak diastolic velocity to the minimal peak diastolic velocity was calculated. The ratio ≥1.5 was the cutoff value for the presence of localized acceleration flow. There were 23 patients with localized acceleration flow examined by eehoeardiography. Twenty of them were found to have luminal diameter stenosis （60%-98%） in the left anterior descending coronary arteries by coronary angiography and 3 patients were normal. There were 22 patients without localized acceleration flow examined by eehoeardiography. Eighteen of them had no or %60 stenosis. Four patients had serious stenosis （≥95%） or occluded segments in the left anterior descending coronary arteries on coronary angiography. The ratio of the maximal peak diastolic velocity to the minimal peak diastolic velocity was significantly higher in patients with left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis than that in those without stenosis （1.9±0.3 vs 1.3±0.2, P〈0.01） and it correlated significantly with left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis （r=0.77, P〈0.01）. The specificity by using the ratio≥1. 5 for stenosis detection was 85.7% （18/ 21）, and the sensitivity was 83.3% （20/24）. This study demonstrated that local blood flow velocity was increased in the resting stenotie left anterior descending coronary artery. Transthoraeie color Doppler eehoeardiography is a reliable noninvasive method to detect localized acceleration flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis and it is useful in the noninvasive diagnosis of stenosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery.

PRELIMINARY APPLICATION OF COLOR DOPPLER FLOW IMAGING IN THE LOCALIZATION OF PARATHYROID ADENOMAS

From December 1991 to April 1993, we performed color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in 11 patients with parathyroid adenoma, and all cases were confirmed by operation and pathology. In all the parathyroid adenomas,vessels were clearly revealed at the periphery of the upper pole and/or anterior periphery, where arterial signals were elicited. These arteries had branches into the adenomas and originated from inferior thyroid arteries on the same side in most cases. The internal flow signals were increased markedly as compared to normal thyroid, and high-velocity arterial signals were detected. Because of the thyroid' s rich blood supply and landmark peripheral vessels, CDFI can distinguish parathyroid foci from thyroid nodules, lymph nodes, and normal tissues and provide a sound basis for the diagnosis of small parathyroid foci.

Left Coronary Artery Fistula Identified by Color Doppler Flow Imaging

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is an abnormal communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber, great vessel,or other vascular structures. The presence of the fistula is usually identified by angiography. In this paper, the diagnosis of left coronary artery-right ventricle fistula was made by color Doppler before angiography? and it was confirmed by surgery.Color Doppler flow imaging is a noninvasive method which can reveal the proximal dilatation, the course and the draining site of CAF.

Graves' Disease Thyroid Color-Flow Doppler Ultrasonography Assessment: Review Article

Graves’ disease, as known today, is an autoimmune, diffuse, chronic disease of thyroid gland, as described by Robert Graves in 1835. It presents genetic predisposition and unknown etiology evidence, which is influenced in its development by several factors, including environment (dietary iodine intake, stress, drugs and infections). The disease is characterized by one or more changes: hyperthyroidism, goiter, ophthalmopathy, skin changes and pretibial myxedema, around 5% less common, and other symptoms 90% to 95%. One of the most relevant clinical practice aspects in Graves’ disease patients management is to distinguish Graves’ disease in initial phase, from other types of destructive thyrotoxicosis, in addition to evaluate therapeutic methods and efficient follow up, as well as predict early recurrence or remission of disease. Scintigraphy with pertechnetate (99 mTc) and TSH levels dosage are considered the choice for this purpose. However, they present some technical difficulties, as they are not widely available and have contraindications. In this scenario, thyroid color-flow doppler ultrasonography (US Doppler) presents a viable alternative, as a widely available, low cost, non-invasive and radiation free method, providing initial diagnosis and patients with Graves’ disease follow up. In adittion, this method is used in differential diagnosis with other causes of thyrotoxicosis in the early stage.

Thrombelastography and color Doppler flow imaging in the perioperative period after closed lower limb fracture

Objective To observe the changes of thrombelastography (TEG) and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in the perioperative period after closed lower limb fracture.Methods Fasting venous blood samples in the morning from 11 healthy adults were used

Measurement of Liver Size and Intrahepatic Blood Flow of Red-eared Turtles by Color Doppler Ultrasound

In the study, a total of 20 red-eared turtles （ half male and half female） were selected to conduct the measurement of liver size and intrahepatic blood flow of red-eared turtles by color Doppler ultrasound. The results showed that the fight hepatic lobe could be scanned through the right carotid anterior acoustic win- dow, and the left hepatic lobe could be scanned through the left carotid anterior acoustic window, but the vision would be obstructed by the air in trachea. The liver could also be scanned through the left femoral anterior acoustic window and the fight femoral anterior acoustic window when filling of bladder was good. The correla- tion regression analysis suggested that estimated values of liver showed no linear relationship with weight, the longest back curve and the widest back curve. Through the study, the normal indicators for ultrasound examination of red-eared turtle liver were established, in order to provide a reference for examination of turtle liver.

Design of axial flaps with color Doppler flow imaging technique for repairing deep wounds of heels

To report the methods and effect of axial pattern flap on lower limb in repairing deep wounds of heels by using color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) technique so as to solve the ever before problems that the vessel can not be displayed in designing axial flap.Methods Suitable axial flaps on lower limbs were selected according to the character of the wounds.There were 25 flaps including 10 cases of the distal-based sural neurovascular flap,nine medial sole flap and six medial leg flap.All the axial pattern flaps were designed on the basis of traditional design ways before operation;then,CDFI appliance with high resolution was used to examine the starting spot,exterior diameter,trail and length of the flap’s major artery.The flaps were redesigned according to the results of CDFI and transferred to cover the wounds.In the meantime,both the results of operation and examination were compared.Results The major artery’s starting spot,exterior diameter,trail and anatomic layers were displayed clearly,in consistency with the results of operation.The flaps survived completely and recovered well,with perfect appearance,color and arthral function.Conclusion CDFI is a simple,macroscopic and atraumatic method for designing the axial pattern flap on lower limb,can provide more scientific and accurate evidence for preoperative determination of flap transplantation and is worthy of clinical application.10 refs,4 figs,2 tabs.

Temperature Measurement of Air Flow Using Fluorescent Mists Combined with Two-Color LIF

This study proposes a two-color laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique for measuring the temperature distribution of an airflow by spraying a mist of a fluorescent dye. The mist is generated by using propylene glycol, the vapor pressure of which is much lower than that of water, as the solvent of the fluorescent dyes. A supersonic moisture chamber is used as the atomizer for seeding the tracer particles to be visualized. The proposed technique is applied to the measurement of the temperature distribution in a thermal vertical buoyant plume. The proposed two-color LIF thermometry is found to be very effective for the study of such a thermal structure, and it is well suited for measuring the temperature field of an airflow.

Assessment of Uterine Receptivity by Endometrial and Subendometrial Blood Flows Measured by Vaginal Color Doppler Ultrasound in Women Undergoing IVF Treatment

Objective To evaluate endometrial and subendometrial blood flows measured by vaginal color Doppler ultrasound as a predicator of endometrial receptivity in women undergoing IVF treatment. Methods A total of 119 infertile patients undergoing the first IVF/ICSI-ET cycle were recruited. Three groups were divided according to a color Doppler ultrasound examination performed on the day of hCG injection. Group A, endometrial and subendometrial blood flows were 2 branches and below; group B, endometrial and subendometrial blood flows were between 3 and 4 branches; group C, endometrial and subendometrial blood flows were 5 branches and above. Patients were transferred 1-3 embryos each. Demographic data, ovarian responses, endometrial thickness, PI, RI, development of embryo and IVF result among groups were compared. Results Demographic data, ovarian responses, endometrial thickness, PI, RI and development of embryo among groups have no significant difference. The pregnancy rate of group A was significantly lower than that of group B （P〈0.05） and group C （P〈0.01）. The implantation rate of group A was significantly lower than than of group C （P〈0.01）. There was no significant difference of the rate of pregnancy and implantation between group B and group C （P〉0.05）. Conclusion Endometrial and subendometrial blood flows measured by vaginal color Doppler ultrasound is a good predicator of pregnancy during IVF treatment. A good endometrial and subendometrial blood flows is benefit for the result of IVF.

B-Flow技术在椎动脉疾病中的应用

目的 探讨二维血流显像技术在诊断椎动脉 (VA)疾病中的应用价值。方法 本组对 80例脑梗塞、糖尿病和冠心病等血管疾病多发人群 ,分别进行双侧椎动脉CDFI、PDI及B Flow检查 ,观察椎动脉形态、走行 ,管壁厚度 ,管腔内血流情况 ,并进行血流动力学检测。结果 根据所测内膜、内径和斑块等图像特征 ,可以反映椎动脉硬化及狭窄等情况。B Flow显像是一种新型血管疾病影像学检查方法 ,能同时显示血流和背景组织结构 ,与CDFI、PDI结合使用 ,能清晰显示异常影像 ,提高椎动脉疾病诊断率。结论 在椎动脉疾病的检查中 ,B

e-flow技术评价尿毒症患者人工动静脉内瘘的价值

目的探讨超声e-flow血流显像技术评价终末期肾病患者人工动静脉内瘘的临床应用价值。方法对患有终末期肾病并行人工动静脉内瘘的115例患者,应用e-flow血流显像技术辅以彩色多普勒(CDFI),观察内瘘是否通畅及是否合并相关并发症。结果超声e-flow技术显示,79例人工动静脉内瘘血流通畅,10例狭窄,18例血栓形成,8例静脉瘤样扩张。e-flow显像技术能同时清晰显示血流和邻近背景组织,与CDFI结合可提高异常图像显示率。结论 e-flow显像技术对监测终末期肾病人工动静脉瘘具有良好的应用价值。

iFlow成像辅助诊断脑血管性病变

目的评估iFlow成像在脑血管性病变中的辅助诊断价值。方法对65例脑血管病变患者进行常规全脑2DDSA检查,对所采集的图像用iFlow软件编码,由低年资和高年资医师分别观察2D DSA图像及iFlow彩色编码血流图的血管解剖、病灶形态、大小、血流动力学情况,评估iFlow对脑血管病变是否具有辅助诊断价值。结果 iFlow成像能在一幅iFlow彩色编码血流图上完整显示脑血管DSA采集的动态序列所包含的病变信息,包括病灶的解剖形态、血流动力学变化及组织灌注情况,较2D DSA更加直观。低年资医师和高年资医师对iFlow辅助诊断价值认定的差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.032,P=0.014)。结论 iFlow较单独2D DSA图像显示病变更全面,能对临床医师、尤其是低年资医师诊断和评估脑血管病变提供帮助。

超声e-Flow技术在椎动脉检查中的价值

目的对比超声彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）与e—Flow技术在椎动脉（VA）检查中的作用。方法选择高频超声血流显示较为困难的健康体检者24例，其中男性14例，女性10例，年龄22～58岁（平均年龄44岁），对于同一个受试者分别使用彩色多普勒血流显像及e—Flow技术了解椎动脉血流的显示情况，并使用Photoshop图像软件进行有效像素分析。结果CDFI和e—Flow组血管像素占总像素的比例分别4．2‰±2．2‰、7．1‰±2．9‰，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论e—Flow技术对于常规检查较为困难的人群，血流显示效果优于CDFI。

B-Flow技术评估颈总动脉狭窄程度的准确性及优越性

目的探讨二维灰阶血流成像技术(BFlow)评估颈总动脉狭窄程度的准确性及优越性。方法设立病例组55例、对照组55例。分别用BFlow、能量多普勒成像(PDI)以及彩色多普勒成像(CDFI)进行颈动脉扫查,计算狭窄率,13例患者行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查。结果病例组颈总动脉狭窄处内径BFlow测量值与PDI、CDFI测量值差异显著(P<0.05)。21条颈总动脉直径狭窄率BFlow、PDI、CDFI与DSA均有显著的相关性(P<0.01)。结论BFlow能同时显示血流信息和血管壁及临近组织的解剖关系,并且保持高帧频、高分辨率。在评估颈总动脉狭窄程度方面,与PDI、CDFI相比,具有更高的优越性和准确性。

iFlow软件在B型主动脉夹层血流动力学评估中的价值

目的探讨iFlow软件在B型主动脉夹层血流动力学评估中的价值。方法选取2016年1—3月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院39例因B型主动脉夹层行胸主动脉腔内修复术患者，在术中行数字减影血管造影检查时，应用iFlow软件进行影像后处理而得到彩色编码血流图的影像资料，对比分析真、假腔造影剂的达峰时间，分析达峰时间与测量点距离的相关性。结果39例患者中，有2例患者因后前位上无法区分真、假腔而予以排除；余37例患者均成功行iFlow重建，其中男30例、女7例。真腔4个测量点达峰时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；假腔4个测量点达峰时间分别为（3．4±1．3）、（3．8±1．4）、（4．0±1．4）、（4．5±1．3）s，数据间差异有统计学意义（F=3．920，P〈0．05）。真腔、假腔达峰时间随着降主动脉测量点距离的增加而均呈增加趋势（r2=0．034、0．075，均P〈0．05）。真腔总体达峰时间为（2．9±0．8）s，假腔为（3．9±1．4）s，假腔血流速度慢于真腔，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论iFlow对于计算B型主动脉夹层腔内血流速度有较大的临床价值，可用于评估主动脉夹层的血流动力学，是主动脉夹层影像诊断评估的一种新方法。