AIDS-Associated Mycoplasmas Infections in Patients with Nongonococcal Urethritis and Mucopurulent Cervicitis

Background: The incidence of sexually transmittedHIV infections is rapidly increasing in China, and theprevalence of AIDS-associated mycoplasmas (includingMycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma penetrans, Myco-plasma pirum and Mycoplasma fermentans) infections isunknown in patients with sexually transmitted diseases.Objective: To investigate the prevalence of these 4species of AIDS-associated mycoplasmas infections inpatients with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) andmucopurulent cervicitis (MPC).Methods: In 65 patients with NGU/MPC, detection ofM. genitalium, M. penetrans, M. pirum and M. fermentansin genital and pharyngeal specimens was performed byculture and nested polymerase chain reaction.Results: M. genitalium, M. penetrans, M. pirum and M.fermentans were identified in genital specimens from23.1% (15/65), 12.3% (8/65), 1.5% (1/65) and 0% ofpatients, respectively, and from pharyngeal samples in26.2% (17/65), 15.4% (10/65), 1.5% (1/65) and 0% ofpatients, respectively. M. genitalium was detected in bothgenital and pharyngeal samples in 10.8% (7/65) ofpatients, and M. penetrans in 4.6% (3/65) of patients. M.pirum was found in only 2 cases, and no M. fermentanswas discovered.Conclusions: This study suggests that M. genitaliumand M. penetrans infections are common in patients withNGU/MPC. M. genitalium and M. penetrans may be trans-mitted by genital-genital or oral-genital sex, and maycause urethritis and cervicitis.

Efficacy Study on Six Antibiotic Methods for Treating Non-Gonococcal Urethritis and Cervicitis

Objective： To analyze the efficacy of six antibiotic methods for treating non- gonococcal urethritis /cervicitis and the factors influencing efficacy. Methods： Retrospective analysis of 878 nongonococcal urethritis / cervicitis cases which received regular treatment and follow-up in our institute from 1st Jan. 2001 to 31st Aug. 2003. Results： The mean cure rate of six methods for Chlamydia trachamatis （Ct） was 57.116%. There were distinct differences among these methods for Ct treatment.The mean cure rate of six methods for Ureaplasma urealyticum （Uu） was 69.556% and there was no difference among these methods for Uu treatment. Coinfection with Ct and Uu dramatically reduced the elimination rate of these two pathogens. Conclusion： The effectiveness of treatment of these antibodies for non-gonococcal urethritis / cervicitis is not currently satisfactory. Importantly, there were many antibiotic-resistant Ct and Uu strains. The factors influencing antibiotic efficacy and mechanisms need further study.

Development and validation of a predictive model for endocervical curettage in patients referred for colposcopy:A multicenter retrospective diagnostic study in China

Objective:This study aimed to develop a nomogram that can predict occult high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse(HSIL+)and determine the need for endocervical curettage(ECC)in patients referred for colposcopy.Methods:This retrospective multicenter study included 4,149 patients who were referred to any one of six tertiary hospitals in China for colposcopy between January 2020 and November 2021 because of abnormal screening results.ECC data were extracted from the medical records.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors that could predict HSIL+on ECC.Patients were randomly assigned to a training set or to an internal validation set for performance and comparability testing.The model was externally validated and tested in patients from two additional hospitals.The nomogram was assessed in terms of discrimination and calibration and subjected to decision curve analysis.Results:HSIL+was found on ECC in 38.8%(n=388)of cases.Our predictive nomogram included age group,cytology,human papillomavirus(HPV)status,visibility of the cervix and colposcopic impression.The nomogram had good overall discrimination,which was internally validated[area under the receiver-operator characteristic(AUC),0.839;95%confidence interval(95%CI),0.773-0.904].In terms of external validation,the AUC was 0.843(95%CI,0.773-0.912)for the consecutive sample and 0.843(95%CI,0.783-0.902)for the comparative sample.Calibration analysis suggested good consistency between predicted and observed probabilities.Decision curve analysis suggested this nomogram would be clinically useful with almost the entire range of threshold probabilities.Conclusions:This internally and externally validated nomogram can be easily applied and incorporates multiple clinically relevant variables that can be used to identify patients with occult HSIL+who need ECC.

Clinical significance of colposcopy on screening cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in cytological negative and smooth cervices

Objective： The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical value of the video colposcopy in screening cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （CIN） in cytological negative and smooth cervices by optically gynecological examination. Methods： The 1050 women, whose cervices had been shown smooth and cytological negative by optical examine, were examined with electronic colposcopy in gynecological clinic, and biopsy was taken when the double abnormality of aceto-white epithelium and iodine negative, and other abnormal images were shown. A retrospective analysis of these cases was performed. Re. suits： （1） The 514 samples from 458 cases, including 458 samples of abnormal tissues under colposcopy and 56 samples of polyp or polypoid tumors by optically, were examined by biopsy. Among them, 68 samples were found to be CIN, including 11 cases of CINII/CINIII; （2） The 72 of 1050 cases showed the double-abnormality of aceto-white epithelium and iodine nega- tive. Among them, 64 cases were CIN determined by biopsy. And the positive predictive value of the double-abnormality of aceto-white epithelium and iodine negative under colposcopy was 88.9%, with a false negative rate of 3.3%; （3） Among 458 women examined by biopsy, only one of 350 samples from cervical polyp tissue was CIN （0.3%）, while 67 of 164 samples from the tissues with abnormal colposcopic images were found to be CIN （40.9%）, indicating the close relation between abnormal colposcopic findings and CIN; （4） The results of age-distribution analysis showed that, in the 164 cases with abnormal features under colposcopy, the incidence of double abnormality of aceto-white epithelium and iodine negative was higher in the age of sexual activity, just the same as the age distribution feature of CIN; while single abnormality of iodine negative appeared more in the age of over 50 years. Conclusion： Abnormal features displayed by colposcopy, especially the double abnormality of aceto-white epithelium and iodine negative, has an important significance for the screening of cervical precancerous lesions such as CIN. For this purpose, colposcopy examination is necessary even for the cases of cytological negative and smooth cervices.

The Use of Artificial Intelligence on Colposcopy Images, in the Diagnosis and Staging of Cervical Precancers: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Rationale and Objectives: Accurate diagnosis and staging of cervical precancers is essential for practical medicine in determining the extent of the lesion extension and determines the most correct and effective therapeutic approach. For accurate diagnosis and staging of cervical precancers, we aim to create a diagnostic method optimized by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and validated by achieving accurate and favorable results by conducting a clinical trial, during which we will use the diagnostic method optimized by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, to avoid errors, to increase the understanding on interpretation of colposcopy images and improve therapeutic planning. Materials and Methods: The optimization of the method will consist in the development and formation of artificial intelligence models, using complicated convolutional neural networks (CNN) to identify precancers and cancers on colposcopic images. We will use topologies that have performed well in similar image recognition projects, such as Visual Geometry Group Network (VGG16), Inception deep neural network with an architectural design that consists of repeating components referred to as Inception modules (Inception), deeply separable convolutions that significantly reduce the number of parameters (MobileNet) that is a class of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Return of investment for machine Learning (ROI), Fully Convolutional Network (U-Net) and Overcomplete Convolutional Network Kite-Net (KiU-Net). Validation of the diagnostic method, optimized by algorithm of artificial intelligence will consist of achieving accurate results on diagnosis and staging of cervical precancers by conducting a randomized, controlled clinical trial, for a period of 17 months. Results: We will validate the computer assisted diagnostic (CAD) method through a clinical study and, secondly, we use various network topologies specified above, which have produced promising results in the tasks of image model recognition and by using this mixture. By using this method in medical practice, we aim to avoid errors, provide precision in diagnosing, staging and establishing the therapeutic plan in cervical precancers using AI. Conclusion: This diagnostic method, optimized by artificial intelligence algorithms and validated by the clinical trial, which we consider “second opinion”, improves the quality standard in diagnosing, staging and establishing therapeutic conduct in cervical precancer.

Contribution of Colposcopy in the Diagnosis of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix at the Douala Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Cameroon

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a public health problem in Cameroon, due to low screening and late diagnosis. We sought to assess practice of colposcopy at the Douala Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (DGOPH) in Cameroon and its contribution to the fight against cervical cancer in our context. Method: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 99 colposcopies after which 71 exploitable biopsies were retained at the Douala for a period of 1year (December 1, 2019-December 1, 2020). The nomenclature of the French Society of Colposcopy and Cervico-Vaginal Pathology (SFCPCV) was used. Results: Mean age of the participants was 44 years, mostly multiparous (80%). Cytological abnormalities were the main reference pattern. During the examination 22% of colposcopies were found to be normal, 37% of TAG 1-2A, 31% of TAG 2B-C, and 5% suspected of cancer. After histological analysis of biopsies guided by colposcopy, we found 42% (30/71) of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) 1, 15.5% (11/71) of CIN 2 - 3, and 24% (17/71) cancer. Upon analysis of the diagnosed CIN1/CIN2-3/Cancers, we noted a concordance with colposcopy in 62% (23/37), 37% (10/27) and 85% (6/7) respectively. Colposcopic performance in the detection of high-grade lesions and above was 36% (26/71), with a sensitivity of 92.86%, specificity 83.33%, PPV 78.79% and NPV 94.59%. Conclusion: Despite the difficult socioeconomic context, colposcopy retains all its importance in the diagnosis of precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix. With the imminent putting in place of a national health policy, the goals 90-70-90 by 2030 of the World Health Organization for the fight against cervical cancer can be achieved in our sub-Saharan African countries.

Diagnostic discrepancy between colposcopy and vaginoscopy:A case report

BACKGROUND Colposcopy currently plays a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of lower genital diseases.Exposure and biopsy are two key steps in colposcopy.When the whole transformation zone or all lesions cannot be observed,we judge colposcopy as unsatisfactory.Unsatisfactory colposcopic examination may lead to the misdiagnosis of more severe diseases.The combination of colposcopy and vaginoscopy may contribute to accurate diagnosis and clinical decisions.CASE SUMMARY Here,we introduce a case of posthysterectomy deep vaginal apex not fully exposed by colposcopy,and the biopsy result was a vaginal precancerous lesion.We adopted vaginoscopy to extend the observed area and expose the lesion thoroughly,and the biopsy result was vaginal squamous cancer.CONCLUSION The patient received a precise diagnosis and early surgery due to the combination of colposcopy and vaginoscopy.

Retrospective View of Two Years of Colposcopy Practice in a Gynecologic Clinic in Cotonou

Objective: To analyse the colposcopy results at the Gynaecological Clinic of Houéyiho. Patients and methods: Retrospective, descriptive and analytical studies were conducted by the Clinic of Houeyiho in Cotonou from January 2013 to December 2015. Results: 440 women were received in colposcopy including 251 (57%) referred by health workers for VIA (Visual Inspection with Acétique Acid)/VILI (Visual Inspection with Lugol’s Iodine) abnormalities, forty-seven (47) for abnormal smears (10.7%), thirty-eight (38) for metrorrhagia (8.6%). 10% of cases were mainly concerned with post-therapeutic monitoring (six colposcopies of the vagina fundus after hysterectomy for cervical cancer and four after conization). The average age of patients is 41 years within plus or minus 5 years. Forty (40) cases of Grade 1 Atypical Transformation, twenty-nine (29) cases of Grade 2 Atypical Transformation including two (2) cases of leukoplakia (1 post-conization for CINIII, 1 in a HIV+ patient), ten (10) cases of Grade 1 Atypical Transformation/Grade 2 Atypical Transformation association were recorded. A colposcopy biopsy was performed in 95 patients meaning 21.6% of patients. Five biopsies were realized for a cervical neoplasia suspicion and were sent to Pasteur Cerba laboratory in France for the sake of efficiency and rapidity of results. In Grade 1 Atypical Transformation, 66.6% of CIN1 and condylomata plana were noted. Nevertheless, a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma with metaplasia has been discovered in a TAG1 with a 23-year old patient. In Grade 2 Atypical Transformation, the histology reveals 44.4% of CIN 1, 40.7% of severe dysplasia and 11.1% of carcinomas. Conclusion: The colposcopy may be a good screening method with a good colpo-histology agreement in Cotonou. But it’s relatively expensive (20.000 CFA francs) and the reduced number of colposcopists restricts its use in Benin.

ROLE OF COLPOSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN PAPI- LLOMAVIRUS INFECTION OF THE UTERINE CERVIX

Among 6706 women screened by cytology, only 9 (0.13%) showed evidence of human pppillomavirus infection (HPVI). In 133 women examined by colposcopy for abnormal cytology or/ and suspected lestions on the cervix, 41.(30. 8%) showed subclinical papillomavirus infection (SPI), while 17. 4% and 5. 3% showed HPVI by histopathology and cytology, respectively. The conformation rate between colposcopy and pathology was 69. 6%. Sixty-nine specimens out of 133 colposcopy piled biopaies were assayed by HPV-DNA dot hybridization with 6B/11, 16, 18 probes to detect the presence of HPV-DNA In the cervical specimens. Thirty-nine (56.5%) gave a positive result. The colposcopic predictive value of positive result for HPVI was 76.7%. The difference between colposcopy (59%) and pathology (20. 5%) is statistically significant (P<0. 01). These results suggest that colposcopy is superior to cytology and hjstopathology for the detection of SPI in the cervix. In colposcopy HPV-DNA positive women, aceto while epithelium was most common (28. 2%) . As it is difficult to differentiate SPI from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia especially the Grade Ⅰ lesion by colposcopy, discrimination criteria are proposed together with the chief colposcopic features of SPI.

Colposcopy at the University Hospital in Conakry: Role of Colposcopy in Screening and/or Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer in the UTH University Teaching Hospital of Conakry

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the role of colposcopy in the screening of cervical cancer at the UTH in Conakry. Material and Methods: We conducted a descriptive study on over a period of 18 months of from the 1 July 2004 to December 31, 2005 in the CHU of Conakry Any women aged from 25 to 65 years old who has agreed to the screening of cervical cancer by colposcopy was included. Statistical tests of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values positive and negative were computed directly and compare among all participants. Results: During the study period, we included a total of 9339 women. For all precancerous and cancerous lesions, sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 64% respectively. With a positive predictive value of 46% and the negative predictive value of 90%, low and high grade precancerous lesions were found with: a sensitivity of 91%, the specificity of 64%. The positive predictive value of 37%, and the negative predictive value of 91% were estimed. Intra epithelial lesions (LIEBG) low-grade squamous sensitivity was 94%, specificity of 62%, the positive predictive value of 31%, the negative predictive value of 95%. For lesions intra epithelial highgrade squamous (LIEHG), the sensitivity was 85%, 10%, the positive predictive value of 74% specificity, negative predictive value of 95%. Conclusion: Colposcopy is a reference method of detection of precancerous lesions of the cervix to promote cancer.

Clinical Experience in TCM Treatment of Chronic Cervicitis

Chronic cervicitis is a common disease in the female reproductive system, which may be the inducing factor for carcinoma of uterine cervix. It is clinically manifested by sticky and foul leukorrhagia, contact hemorrhage, pain in the lower limbs or lumbosacral region, dysmenorrhea and infertility. ……

Pharmacodynamics Study in vitro and in vivo of Zijin Huadu Suppository Treating Cervicitis

[Objectives] To observe the pharmaceutical effect of Zijin Huadu suppository on treatment of cervicitis induced by virus,bacteria and phenol in vivo and in vitro,and provide experimental basis for evaluating its therapeutic effects for cervicitis. [Methods]Real-time RT-PCR and CPE methods were used to observe the inhibition of Zijin Huadu suppository on virus,and turbidimetry was used to observe bacteriostatic action; HE pathological section was used to observe cervicitis of rat,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect virus' s expression in cervical tissue.[Results]In cervicitis rat model infected by HPV16,Zijin Huadu suppositories at the doses of 1. 2,0. 6 and0. 3 g/( kg·d) had significant inhibitory effect on HPV16 expression in cervical tissues,and the doses of 1. 2 and 0. 6 g/( kg·d) had significantly inhibitory effect on pathological changes of cervical tissues. In cervicities rat models infected mixedly by Escherichia coli,Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus,Zijin Huadu suppositories at the doses of 1. 2 and 0. 6 g/( kg·d) had significant inhibitory effect on pathological changes of cervical tissues. In cervicitis rat models induced by chemical substances,Zijin Huadu suppositories at the dose of1. 2 g/( kg·d) had significant inhibitory effect on vagina and cervix lesions in rats. In vitro,Zijin Huadu suppository showed obvious inhibitory effects on HSV-2,HPV16,Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus albus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,group B Streptococcus,E. coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteusbacillus vulgaris,Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida albicans.[Conclusions] Zijin Huadu suppository has obvious inhibitory effect in vitro on viruses and bacteria,and could obviously improve the phenol-induced cervicitis.

Application Analysis of High Risk HPV Detection Combined with Cervical Cytology, Colposcopy and Pathology in Cervical Lesions of Women in Tiandeng County

Purpose: To understand the application of high-risk HPV detection combined with cervical cytology, colposcopy and pathology in cervical lesions of women in Tiandeng County. Method: Women in the outpatient and inpatient departments of our hospital from January 2021 to October 2022 were collected for high-risk HPV testing, TCT, colposcopy and pathological examination according to their personal wishes, to understand the application of relevant examinations in cervical lesions. Result: In 2021, the number of patients was 5801, among whom 1743 patients had received cervical cancer examination in the past, accounting for 30.05% of the total number of patients, and 5795 who had volunteered for TCT examination this time, accounting for 99.90% of the total;A total of 289 cases of atypical squamous cells with unclear significance (ASC-US) were detected, excluding 11 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H), 122 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 16 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and 4 cases of atypical adenocyte (AGC);Atypical cervical adenocytosis and cervical carcinoma in situ were not detected. The number of people who volunteered for high-risk HPV testing was 4237, and the number of positive cases was 740, accounting for 17.47% of the screening population;Among 740 HPV-positive patients, 488 high-risk HPV-positive patients were selected for TCT examination, and 87 patients were found to be TCT positive;From 401 high-risk HPV-positive and TCT negative patients, 287 patients with possible lesions were screened out for colposcopy;The results showed that 60 patients may have certain cervical lesions and need further pathological examination and the results showed that 28 patients had CTN1 and 18 patients had CIN2 - 3. In 2022, 8840 patients received medical treatment, among which 3188 patients had received cervical cancer examination in the past, accounting for 36.06% of the total number of patients, and 8314 patients voluntarily underwent TCT examination, accounting for 94.05% of the total number of patients. 434 cases of atypical squamous cells with ambiguous meaning (ASC-US) were detected, excluding 13 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H), 217 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 35 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma, and 4 cases of atypical adenocarcinoma (AGC);Atypical cervical adenocytosis and cervical carcinoma in situ were not detected. The number of volunteers for high-risk HPV testing was 3871 cases, and the number of positive cases was 654 cases, accounting for 16.89% of the screening number. 527 high-risk HPV-positive patients were selected from 654 HPV-positive patients for TCT examination, and the number of TCT-positive patients was found to be 49. From 478 high-risk HPV-positive patients with TCT negative, 276 patients with possible lesions were screened out for colposcopy;The results showed that 66 patients may have certain cervical lesions and need further pathological examination;and then the results showed that 31 cases of CTN1 and 6 cases of CIN2 - 3. Conclusion: Gynecological high-risk HPV examination can provide better etiological sources for cervical cancer screening;Cervical cytology examination has high sensitivity;Colposcopy examination has high specificity;Pathological examination can be used as an effective supplement for cervical cytology examination and colposcopy;So high-risk HPV combined with cytology examination, colposcopy examination and pathological examination has high clinical application value;It is worth popularizing and applying.

针刀干预后颈椎病大鼠头夹肌成纤维细胞生长因子家族及其受体的表达

背景:针刀是治疗颈椎病的有效方法,临床疗效确切,但其关键分子机制尚不明晰。目的:观察针刀干预对颈椎病大鼠头夹肌成纤维细胞生长因子家族及其受体激酶插入域蛋白受体表达的影响,分析针刀治疗颈椎病的作用机制。方法:通过检索GEO数据库,获取符合该研究的芯片数据集GSE153761,采用生物信息学方法进行靶标初筛,然后进行动物实验。选取6月龄SPF级SD大鼠24只,随机均分为4组。模型组和针刀组大鼠采用动静力失衡性颈椎病造模方法制备颈椎病大鼠模型;假手术组不切断肌肉及韧带;针刀组造模成功后采用针刀干预,每周1次,共3次;并以正常大鼠作为对照。拍摄颈椎正侧位X射线片进行模型验证;旷场实验观察大鼠行为学变化;苏木精-伊红染色观察头夹肌病理结构;荧光定量PCR法和免疫组化法分别检测头夹肌成纤维细胞生长因子家族及其受体激酶插入域蛋白受体mRNA及蛋白的表达情况。结果与结论:①生物信息学结果表明成纤维细胞生长因子家族/激酶插入域蛋白受体是激活磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B上游的重要信号轴。②造模后大鼠椎间隙变窄,椎体前后缘、关节突骨质增生。③旷场实验中,造模后大鼠总距离、平均速度降低(P<0.05),总休息时间延长(P<0.05);治疗后针刀组大鼠总距离、平均速度大于模型组(P<0.05),总休息时间短于模型组(P<0.05)。④头夹肌病理提示颈肌受损,而针刀可改善颈肌劳损。⑤与正常组比较,模型组大鼠头夹肌成纤维细胞生长因子7、成纤维细胞生长因子9、成纤维细胞生长因子10、成纤维细胞生长因子18和激酶插入域蛋白受体mRNA及蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,针刀组以上指标均降低(P<0.05)。⑥结果说明,针刀可能通过调节成纤维细胞生长因子7、成纤维细胞生长因子9、成纤维细胞生长因子10、成纤维细胞生长因子18及其受体激酶插入域蛋白受体的表达,修复劳损颈肌,从而改善椎间盘退变,这可能是针刀治疗颈椎病的关键靶点。

颈前路减压融合ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统治疗退行性颈椎病的Meta分析

目的:颈前路减压融合术是治疗退行性颈椎病的经典手术方式,钉板的使用增加了融合率及稳定性的同时,间接导致了邻近椎体退变和术后吞咽困难的发生。文章通过Meta分析方法比较ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统和传统融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病患者的临床结果和并发症情况,为颈前路减压融合术中内固定方式的选择提供循证学支持。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science和Embase数据库,检索关于颈前路减压融合术中应用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统与融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病的中英文文献。检索时间范围为各数据库建库至2023年7月。由2名研究者严格按照纳入与排除标准选择文献,采用Cochrane偏倚风险工具对随机对照试验进行质量评价,NOS量表对队列研究进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结局指标包括手术时间、术中出血量、日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores,JOA)评分、颈椎功能障碍指数、C_(2)-C_(7)Cobb角、融合率、邻近椎体退变发生率、融合器沉降率和吞咽困难发生率。结果:共纳入13项研究,其中回顾性队列研究11项,随机对照试验2项,共1136例患者,ROI-C组569例,融合器联合钉板组567例。Meta分析结果显示:ROI-C组与融合器联合钉板组在手术时间(MD=-15.52,95%CI:-18.62至-12.42,P<0.00001),术中出血量(MD=-24.53,95%CI:-32.46至-16.61,P<0.00001),术后邻近节段退变率(RR=0.40,95%CI:0.27-0.60,P<0.00001)和术后总吞咽困难发生率(RR=0.18,95%CI:0.13-0.26,P<0.00001)均具有显著性差异。两者在术后JOA评分、颈椎功能障碍指数、C_(2)-C_(7)Cobb角、融合率和融合器沉降率方面无显著性差异(P≥0.05)。结论:在颈椎前路减压融合术中应用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统与传统融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病均可达到满意的临床效果,ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统操作更加简单,相比融合器联合钉板内固定能明显减少手术时间及术中出血量,在减少术后吞咽困难及邻近节段退变发生率等方面具有明显优势,对于跳跃型颈椎病及邻椎病翻修患者,更加推荐使用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统。但鉴于其可能存在较高的沉降率,对于多节段且合并融合器沉降高危因素如骨质疏松、椎体终板破损的退行性颈椎病患者,仍建议使用融合器联合钉板内固定。

儿童颈椎神经弓中心软骨联合形态发育的数字解剖学特征

背景:随着国内外学者对儿童颈椎相关疾病重视程度的提升,探知不同年龄儿童颈椎形态发育解剖学指标及变化规律的需求不断提高。目的:通过测量1-6岁儿童C_(2)-C_(7)神经弓中心软骨联合解剖学位置指标,探讨及分析儿童不同年龄和椎序间形态发育的变化规律。方法:回顾性收集了省级三甲医院1-6岁儿童正常颈椎CT影像资料160例,按照1周岁为一个年龄组分6组,将连续扫描的颈椎断层影像原始数据导入Mimics 16.0软件中,在二维图像窗口下,选择Measurements测量工具分别在冠状面及横断面上对颈椎C_(2)-C_(7)节段神经弓中心软骨联合的解剖学位置指标进行测量和分析。结果与结论:①C_(2)-C_(7)神经弓中心软骨联合两侧间距离、神经弓中心软骨联合左右侧与横突的距离均随着年龄增长逐渐增大,各颈椎节段椎骨整体发育较神经弓中心软骨联合骨化速度快;②C_(2)-C_(7)神经弓中心软骨联合两侧横断面夹角随年龄增长逐渐增大、神经弓中心软骨联合左右侧与椎体前后缘的夹角均逐渐减小,颈椎节段神经弓中心软骨联合两侧趋于向椎弓部位生长,主要促进椎弓的生长发育;③除C_(7)以外,其他椎段随着颈椎下行神经弓中心软骨联合两侧冠状面夹角变化较小,颈椎的神经弓中心软骨联合更偏向于纵向生长与骨化;④C_(7)的神经弓中心软骨联合位置变化与其余颈椎节段有明显差异;⑤儿童C_(2)-C_(7)神经弓中心软骨联合位置解剖学指标在不同年龄段和不同椎体之间有明显发育规律,且这些规律有助于儿童颈椎疾病的临床诊断与治疗。

颈椎病动物模型及其内在分子机制

背景:将临床疾病完全转化为动物模型存在许多问题,但理想的动物模型是进行颈椎病机制研究的前提,因此选择合适的颈椎病动物模型至关重要。目的:详细分析颈椎病动物模型的物种、性别、年龄、颈椎病模型类型及其内在分子机制,探讨如何选择合适的动物模型应用于颈椎病实验研究。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed、Medline、Embase、Web of science、万方、维普和CNKI等数据库,英文检索词为“cervical spondylosis,cervical spondylotic myelopath,cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type,neck type cervical spondylosis,unbalanced dynamic and static forces,joint injury,neck pain,animal model”,中文检索词为“颈椎病,神经根型颈椎病,脊髓型颈椎病,椎动脉型颈椎病,颈型颈椎病,动静力失衡,关节损伤,颈痛,动物模型”,按照纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,最终纳入61篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:大鼠是最常用的动物,雄性大鼠似乎更受欢迎,推荐使用成年前后的动物。根据造模特点可以将颈椎病模型分为脊髓型、神经根型、颈型和其他型,不同造模方法各有优缺点。从已有动物模型的研究出发,总结了颈椎病的分子机制,治疗信号介导核因子κB、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B、丝裂原激活蛋白激酶等通路调节脊髓、神经根、椎间盘、肌肉等组织的炎症反应、凋亡、自噬等生物学过程,最终延缓颈椎病的进展。部分研究质量较差,与临床契合度不高,未来需要进一步将颈椎病动物模型标准化,制定相关指南,提高研究结果的可信度,为进一步开展人体临床试验奠定坚实的基础。

旋提手法治疗神经根型颈椎病的应力及椎间孔形态学特征:三维有限元分析

背景:颈椎旋提手法治疗神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效确切,安全性较好,已广泛应用于临床中,但其对各节段颈椎椎体、椎间盘的生物力学及椎间孔面积的影响尚未系统阐明。目的:基于三维有限元分析技术开展相关研究,为旋提手法治疗神经根型颈椎病的效应机制提供数字化证据。方法:选择1例颈背部无异常疾患的志愿者,将其颈椎旋转至生理极限体位状态下的CT影像资料作为有限元模型材料。分别通过Mimics19.0、Geomagic Studio 2013、Hypermash 14.0及ANSYS Workbench 2020 R2软件完成对有限元模型的初步构建,基于文献完成颈椎各组织结构的弹性模量、弹性系数赋值,基于团队前期工作基础在模型上加载旋提手法的力学工况,分析颈椎旋提手法对C3-T1节段各椎体、椎间盘的力学参数及其对颈椎旋颈对侧椎间孔面积的影响。结果与结论:(1)旋提手法实施时,骨性结构的应力明显高于椎间盘等软组织;(2)手法操作时各颈椎椎体顶部椎板处应力高,底部椎板处应力低,关节突关节处及横突处应力较低;而各椎间盘顶部髓核处应力较低,底部与椎板连接处应力较高,但椎间盘应力最高点在顶部外侧纤维环处;(3)另外,加载提扳力后较之加载前,C6/C7节段椎间孔投影面积明显增大;(4)提示旋提手法操作具有改变颈椎本身应力结构的力学特征,并能扩大患者旋颈对侧的C6/7椎间孔面积,实现治疗神经根型颈椎病的目的。

青少年颈椎间盘突出症有限元模型建立及应力分析

背景:颈椎间盘突出症可引起肩颈部疼痛、上肢放射性疼痛,发病率逐年上升并趋于年轻化,充分了解青少年颈椎生物力学特点,对于延缓青少年颈椎间盘突出症具有重要意义。目的:利用有限元分析技术重建正常青少年及青少年颈椎间盘突出症患者的颈椎模型,分析C_(1)-T_(1)颈椎椎体活动度和纤维环、髓核、终板及小关节软骨的生物力学特征。方法:选择正常青少年和青少年颈椎间盘突出症患者各1例,将连续扫描的颈椎CT原始影像数据以DICOM格式导入Mimics 21.0,分别重建C_(1)-T_(1);随后将建立好的模型导入3-Matic软件进行椎间盘重建,将完善的模型导入Hypermesh软件,对椎体、髓核、纤维环、韧带进行网格划分,生成有效的几何模型,赋予材料属性后将最终模型导入ABAQUS软件中。观察C_(1)-C_(7)各节段颈椎椎体在不同工况下的关节活动度,并分析各节段颈椎纤维环、髓核、终板及小关节软骨的生物力学特征。结果与结论:(1)正常青少年与颈椎间盘突出症青少年患者颈椎模型C1在6种工况下的关节活动度均高于其他椎体,且正常青少年各节段颈椎椎体活动度均大于颈椎间盘突出症青少年患者;(2)正常青少年颈椎模型纤维环及髓核应力最大值在C_(2-3)左侧屈工况(0.43 MPa,0.17 MPa),颈椎间盘突出症青少年患者颈椎模型应力最大值在C_(7)-T_(1)左侧屈工况(0.54 MPa,0.18 MPa);(3)正常青少年颈椎模型终板应力最大值在C_(3)上终板左侧屈工况(1.46 MPa),颈椎间盘突出症青少年患者模型终板应力最大值在C7下终板左侧屈工况(1.32 MPa);(4)正常青少年颈椎小关节软骨应力最大值在C_(2-3)左旋转工况(0.98 MPa),颈椎间盘突出青少年患者的小关节软骨在不同工况下以C_(1-2)应力增加最明显,应力最大在左侧屈(3.50 MPa);(5)提示与正常青少年相比,颈椎间盘突出症青少年患者颈椎曲度改变,颈椎整体关节活动度下降;颈椎间盘突出症青少年患者纤维环、髓核及终板在C_(7)-T_(1)节段应力明显增大;C_(1-2)左侧小关节软骨应力明显,颈椎曲度异常可能是引起应力改变的主要因素。

颈椎定点旋转手法在体生物力学量化及影响因素分析

背景:颈椎定点旋转手法属于技术要求较高的力学操作,但目前其生物力学还缺少相关量化数据;且颈椎定点旋转手法的影响因素研究包括了众多参数并且存在差异性,需要进一步对其影响因素进行分析,以完善其相关数据。目的:量化颈椎定点旋转手法在体生物力学参数,探讨各生物力学参数之间的相关性,及研究对象个体特征差异对手法力学参数的影响。方法:选取35例颈椎病患者为测试对象,均为广西中医药大学第一附属医院仁爱分院骨伤科门诊就诊者。术者佩戴穿戴式力学测量手套采集手法力学参数,包括拇指预加载力、拇指最大推力、掌心预加载力、掌心旋扳力和掌心旋扳最大作用力。并采集患者个人特征参数,包括年龄、身高、体质量和颈围。对手法操作过程中的关键力学参数进行特征分析及不同个体特征进行量化,对力学指标参数进行Spearman相关性分析;分析不同个体特征参数对生物力学可能存在的影响。结果与结论:(1)双侧力学参数相比,左侧操作与右侧操作无显著差异性(P>0.05)。(2)拇指预加载力均值为(7.21±1.19)N、拇指最大推力均值为(28.40±4.48)N、掌心预加载力均值为(5.67±2.49)N、掌心旋扳力均值为(10.90±5.11)N、掌心旋扳最大作用力均值为(16.00±7.27)N。(3)掌心预加载力和掌心旋扳力存在显著正相关(Rs=0.812,P<0.01);掌心预加载力和掌心旋扳最大作用力存在显著正相关(Rs=0.773,P<0.01);掌心旋扳力和掌心旋扳最大作用力存在显著正相关(Rs=0.939,P<0.01)。(4)患者体质量与拇指预加载力、掌心预加载力、掌心旋扳力及掌心旋扳最大作用力之间存在显著正相关(P<0.05)。(5)结果证实,颈椎定点旋转手法治疗颈椎病操作中生物力学有一定的标准量值。该手法左右侧操作无显著差异性,具有较好的一致性和可重复性。掌心预加载力、掌心旋扳力及掌心旋扳最大作用力3种力之间存在一致性和协调性,对于治疗效果的贡献是相近的。患者的体质量是影响颈椎定点旋转手法重要的因素。