[Objective] The aim of this study was to establish mathematical models for judging the aroma types of middle and upper flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the contents and proportions of aroma compositions. [Method...[Objective] The aim of this study was to establish mathematical models for judging the aroma types of middle and upper flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the contents and proportions of aroma compositions. [Method] The aroma types of tobacco leaves were judged based on stepwise discriminant analysis, using 63 C3F and 65 B2F tobacco leaf samples from 13 tobacco producing regions in 11 provinces of China （Huili in Sichuan, Baokang in Hubei, Wulong in Chongqing, Lu- oyang in Henan, Zhucheng in Shandong, Wuyi Mountain in Fujian, Malong in Yun- nan, Chuxiong in Yunnan, Bijie in Guizhou, Liuyang in Hunan, Suiyang in Guizhou, Kaiyuan in Liaoning, Nanxiong in Guangdong） as calibration samples, and 67 aroma components as indices. And the Fisher discriminant functions were verified using 21 C3F and 19 B2F tobacco leaf samples. [Result] Variation coefficients of the propor- tions were lower than that of contents of most aroma components in middle and upper leaves of the samples, indicating that the proportions were more stable than contents of aroma components. The proportions of benzyl alcohol, solanone, β-dam- ascone, neophytadiene, farnesylacetone A, palmitic acid, thunbergol, methyl linole- nate and cembratriene-diol were all over 1% in both middle and upper leaves, al- though the dominant aroma components of the same aroma type varied between middle and upper leaves. Moreover, 11, 18, 7 and 11 aroma components were re- spectively introduced into the Fisher discriminant functions established based on the contents and proportions of middle and upper flue-cured tobacco leaves, which ex- hibited accuracy rates of 91.7%, 100%, 91.7% and 91.7% in the judgments of other tobacco leaf samples. The results revealed that the components those determined aroma types in middle leaves were obviously more than in upper leaves. In middle leaves, the accuracy rates of aroma type judgment could be improved by using the proportions rather than the contents of aroma components as indices. However, the functions based on the proportions and the contents of aroma components in upper leaves gave close accuracy rates. [Conclusion] The results of the study will provide references for identifying aroma types of flue-cured tobacco leaves in future work.展开更多
One of the important issues in the system identification and the spectrum analysis is the frequency resolution, i.e., the capability of distinguishing between two or more closely spaced frequency components. In the mo...One of the important issues in the system identification and the spectrum analysis is the frequency resolution, i.e., the capability of distinguishing between two or more closely spaced frequency components. In the modal identification by the empirical mode decomposition （EMD） method, because of the separating capability of the method, it is still a challenge to consistently and reliably identify the parameters of structures of which modes are not well separated. A new method is introduced to generate the intrin- sic mode functions （IMFs） through the filtering algorithm based on the wavelet packet decomposition （GIFWPD）. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the CIFWPD method alone has a good capability of separating close modes, even under the severe condition beyond the critical frequency ratio limit which makes it impossible to separate two closely spaced harmonics by the EMD method. However, the GIFWPD-only based method is impelled to use a very fine sampling frequency with consequent prohibitive computational costs. Therefore, in order to decrease the computational load by reducing the amount of samples and improve the effectiveness of separation by increasing the frequency ratio, the present paper uses a combination of the complex envelope displacement analysis （CEDA） and the GIFWPD method. For the validation, two examples from the previous works are taken to show the results obtained by the GIFWPD-only based method and by combining the CEDA with the GIFWPD method.展开更多
Objective: This research compares the nature of 11 kinds of Chinese herbs in the caine kidney mixture, and provides a theoretical way to concentrated prescriptions. Methods: Based on the principal component analysis o...Objective: This research compares the nature of 11 kinds of Chinese herbs in the caine kidney mixture, and provides a theoretical way to concentrated prescriptions. Methods: Based on the principal component analysis of element contents in Chinese herbs, the effects of 25 chemical elements in the 11 kinds of Chinese herbs in the caine kidney mixture have been analyzed. Results: The traditional Chinese medicines of rehmannia, astragalus, mulberry, salvia miltiorrhiza, rhubarb in the caine kidney mixture play a major role in the treatment of chronic renal failure. Conclusion: The principal component analysis is very practical in the compatibility of medicines and concentrated prescriptions.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research the rules of nectar quantity and sugar concentration of perfect and staminate flowers in a day. [Method] Based on nine Tianguang Yan pomegranate trees, nectar quantity and sugar con...[Objective] The aim was to research the rules of nectar quantity and sugar concentration of perfect and staminate flowers in a day. [Method] Based on nine Tianguang Yan pomegranate trees, nectar quantity and sugar concentration of per- fect and staminate flowers were measured and analyzed in morning and afternoon. [Result] Average nectar quantity and sugar concentration differed insignificantly in morning and afternoon of perfect flowers, which could also be applied to staminate flowers. However, average nectar quantity of perfect flower was 64.09 μI and of staminate flower was 44.07 μl. It is obvious that the two were of extremely signifi- cant differences （t=4.642, P〈0.01）, and the former was significantly higher by 45,43%. On the other hand, average sugar concentration of perfect flower was 48.44% and of staminate flower was 37.16%. The two were of extremely significant differences and the former is higher by 30.36%, compared with the latter. These suggested that nectar quantity and sugar concentration would maintain unchanged in different periods for a day, if nectars are not consumed by pollinators, such as bees and butterflies. In the same period, nectar quantity and sugar concentration of per- fect flowers were higher than those of staminate flowers. [Conclusion] The research provides references for benefits increase of bee farmers and fruit farmers, as well as exploration of bee pollination.展开更多
The e?ect of material anisotropy on the bifurcation for void formation in anisotropic compressible hyperelastic materials is examined. Numerical solutions are obtained in an anisotropic sphere, whose material is tra...The e?ect of material anisotropy on the bifurcation for void formation in anisotropic compressible hyperelastic materials is examined. Numerical solutions are obtained in an anisotropic sphere, whose material is transversely isotropic in the radial direction. It is shown that the bifur- cation may occur either to the right or to the left, depending on the degree of material anisotropy. The deformation and stress contribution in the sphere before cavitation are di?erent from those after cavitation. The stability of solutions is discussed through a comparison of energy.展开更多
In this letter, a simple and efficient method of image speckle reduction for polari- metric SAR is put forward. It is based on the fast fixed-point ICA (Independent Component Analysis) algorithm of orthogonal and symm...In this letter, a simple and efficient method of image speckle reduction for polari- metric SAR is put forward. It is based on the fast fixed-point ICA (Independent Component Analysis) algorithm of orthogonal and symmetric matrix. Simulation experiment is carried out to separate speckle noise from the polarimetric SAR images, and it indicates that this algorithm has high convergency speed and stability, the image speckle noise is reduced effectively and the speckle index is low, and the image quality is improved obviously.展开更多
基金Supported by the Fund from Hongyun Honghe Tobacco(Group)Co.Ltd.(HYHH2012YL01)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to establish mathematical models for judging the aroma types of middle and upper flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the contents and proportions of aroma compositions. [Method] The aroma types of tobacco leaves were judged based on stepwise discriminant analysis, using 63 C3F and 65 B2F tobacco leaf samples from 13 tobacco producing regions in 11 provinces of China （Huili in Sichuan, Baokang in Hubei, Wulong in Chongqing, Lu- oyang in Henan, Zhucheng in Shandong, Wuyi Mountain in Fujian, Malong in Yun- nan, Chuxiong in Yunnan, Bijie in Guizhou, Liuyang in Hunan, Suiyang in Guizhou, Kaiyuan in Liaoning, Nanxiong in Guangdong） as calibration samples, and 67 aroma components as indices. And the Fisher discriminant functions were verified using 21 C3F and 19 B2F tobacco leaf samples. [Result] Variation coefficients of the propor- tions were lower than that of contents of most aroma components in middle and upper leaves of the samples, indicating that the proportions were more stable than contents of aroma components. The proportions of benzyl alcohol, solanone, β-dam- ascone, neophytadiene, farnesylacetone A, palmitic acid, thunbergol, methyl linole- nate and cembratriene-diol were all over 1% in both middle and upper leaves, al- though the dominant aroma components of the same aroma type varied between middle and upper leaves. Moreover, 11, 18, 7 and 11 aroma components were re- spectively introduced into the Fisher discriminant functions established based on the contents and proportions of middle and upper flue-cured tobacco leaves, which ex- hibited accuracy rates of 91.7%, 100%, 91.7% and 91.7% in the judgments of other tobacco leaf samples. The results revealed that the components those determined aroma types in middle leaves were obviously more than in upper leaves. In middle leaves, the accuracy rates of aroma type judgment could be improved by using the proportions rather than the contents of aroma components as indices. However, the functions based on the proportions and the contents of aroma components in upper leaves gave close accuracy rates. [Conclusion] The results of the study will provide references for identifying aroma types of flue-cured tobacco leaves in future work.
基金supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (No. 11232009)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (No. S30106)
文摘One of the important issues in the system identification and the spectrum analysis is the frequency resolution, i.e., the capability of distinguishing between two or more closely spaced frequency components. In the modal identification by the empirical mode decomposition （EMD） method, because of the separating capability of the method, it is still a challenge to consistently and reliably identify the parameters of structures of which modes are not well separated. A new method is introduced to generate the intrin- sic mode functions （IMFs） through the filtering algorithm based on the wavelet packet decomposition （GIFWPD）. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the CIFWPD method alone has a good capability of separating close modes, even under the severe condition beyond the critical frequency ratio limit which makes it impossible to separate two closely spaced harmonics by the EMD method. However, the GIFWPD-only based method is impelled to use a very fine sampling frequency with consequent prohibitive computational costs. Therefore, in order to decrease the computational load by reducing the amount of samples and improve the effectiveness of separation by increasing the frequency ratio, the present paper uses a combination of the complex envelope displacement analysis （CEDA） and the GIFWPD method. For the validation, two examples from the previous works are taken to show the results obtained by the GIFWPD-only based method and by combining the CEDA with the GIFWPD method.
文摘Objective: This research compares the nature of 11 kinds of Chinese herbs in the caine kidney mixture, and provides a theoretical way to concentrated prescriptions. Methods: Based on the principal component analysis of element contents in Chinese herbs, the effects of 25 chemical elements in the 11 kinds of Chinese herbs in the caine kidney mixture have been analyzed. Results: The traditional Chinese medicines of rehmannia, astragalus, mulberry, salvia miltiorrhiza, rhubarb in the caine kidney mixture play a major role in the treatment of chronic renal failure. Conclusion: The principal component analysis is very practical in the compatibility of medicines and concentrated prescriptions.
基金Supported by National Modern Agriculture (Bee Industry) Technolgy System (CARS-45-SYZ17)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research the rules of nectar quantity and sugar concentration of perfect and staminate flowers in a day. [Method] Based on nine Tianguang Yan pomegranate trees, nectar quantity and sugar concentration of per- fect and staminate flowers were measured and analyzed in morning and afternoon. [Result] Average nectar quantity and sugar concentration differed insignificantly in morning and afternoon of perfect flowers, which could also be applied to staminate flowers. However, average nectar quantity of perfect flower was 64.09 μI and of staminate flower was 44.07 μl. It is obvious that the two were of extremely signifi- cant differences （t=4.642, P〈0.01）, and the former was significantly higher by 45,43%. On the other hand, average sugar concentration of perfect flower was 48.44% and of staminate flower was 37.16%. The two were of extremely significant differences and the former is higher by 30.36%, compared with the latter. These suggested that nectar quantity and sugar concentration would maintain unchanged in different periods for a day, if nectars are not consumed by pollinators, such as bees and butterflies. In the same period, nectar quantity and sugar concentration of per- fect flowers were higher than those of staminate flowers. [Conclusion] The research provides references for benefits increase of bee farmers and fruit farmers, as well as exploration of bee pollination.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10272069) and the Shanghai Key SubjectProgram.
文摘The e?ect of material anisotropy on the bifurcation for void formation in anisotropic compressible hyperelastic materials is examined. Numerical solutions are obtained in an anisotropic sphere, whose material is transversely isotropic in the radial direction. It is shown that the bifur- cation may occur either to the right or to the left, depending on the degree of material anisotropy. The deformation and stress contribution in the sphere before cavitation are di?erent from those after cavitation. The stability of solutions is discussed through a comparison of energy.
基金Supported by the University Doctorate Special Research Fund (No.20030614001).
文摘In this letter, a simple and efficient method of image speckle reduction for polari- metric SAR is put forward. It is based on the fast fixed-point ICA (Independent Component Analysis) algorithm of orthogonal and symmetric matrix. Simulation experiment is carried out to separate speckle noise from the polarimetric SAR images, and it indicates that this algorithm has high convergency speed and stability, the image speckle noise is reduced effectively and the speckle index is low, and the image quality is improved obviously.
