Implementation Strategy of“Eight in One”of Integrated Medical and Care Service System in China:A Case Study of Anshan City of Liaoning

With the gradual intensification of aging in China,the issue of elderly care has become the primary issue that needs to be urgently solved in society.The construction of a reasonable and scientific integrated medical and care service system can not only efficiently allocate medical resources and services,but also better meet the needs of the elderly.Due to the involvement of multiple disciplines such as architecture,sociology,psychology,and behavioral science in the construction of the system,as well as the restriction of various objective factors such as medical capacity,spatial scale,and operating costs,the government and elderly care institutions have always been unable to find the best solution for how to scientifically and reasonably construct an integrated medical and care service system.This paper is based on Anshan City,Liaoning Province,which has prominent aging issues and distinct characteristics of the elderly population.Through extensive field research in elderly care institutions,and face-to-face communication with personnel from relevant government departments such as the Municipal Commission on Aging,the Civil Affairs Bureau,the Health Commission,the Medical Insurance Bureau,and the Human Resources and Social Security Bureau,it truly understands the problems that arise in the construction of the urban integrated medical and care service system.From three aspects:urban situation,institutional situation and the needs of the elderly,it is proposed to establish a clear departmental linkage mechanism with clear rights and responsibilities,a policy guarantee mechanism tailored to local conditions,a multi-measure operation mechanism,a technology first intelligent response mechanism,a warm and efficient service mechanism for the people,an overall layout mechanism,an evaluation and supervision mechanism for full process control,and a talent supply mechanism of external introduction and internal training.It aims to provide reference for the construction of an integrated medical and care service system in similar cities.

Analysis of Professional Quality Cultivation Strategies for Infant and Child Care Service Talents from the Perspective of Collaboration of Medical Care,Parenting,and Education,and Integration of Industry and Education

The collaboration of medical care,parenting,and education aims to integrate nursing,midwifery,infant and child care services,and management with speech and hearing rehabilitation technology,among other elements related to the infant care industry chain.This integration targets pediatrics talent training in nine infant care positions,including nursing,infant health care and management,and child rehabilitation,to ensure that the capabilities and quality of professional talents can meet the health care needs of infants and young children.This article briefly explains the background of the“collaboration of medical care,parenting,and education,and integration of industry and education.”It analyzes the necessity of cultivating infant and child care service talents based on the perspective of“collaboration of medical care,parenting,and education,and integration of industry and education.”Based on this perspective,we conducted an in-depth study of the cultivation of professional qualities of infant and child care service talents.

A Scale of Parental Anxiety about Pediatric Emergency Medical Care Services of Japan: Development, Reliability, Validity, Generalizability and Usefulness

Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale, “parental anxiety about pediatric emergency medical care services” (PAPEMCS), and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: Participants were 14,510 parents with children 6 years old or younger in Kagawa Prefecture. Using each half of the participants, exploratory factor analysis was performed to generate items and factors for the PAPEMCS, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to establish the construct validity. The generalizability of the PAPEMCS was evaluated by congruence tests and multigroup CFA. The usefulness of the PAPEMCS was established by the relationship between the PAPEMCS and non-urgent usage of pediatric emergency medical care services (PEMCS). Results: The PAPEMCS compromised 4 factors: “anxiety about quality of PEMCS”, “anxiety about PEMCS system”, “anxiety about public support”, and “anxiety about private support”. All reliability estimates (polychoric ordinal alpha coefficients, item-rest correlations), the item discrimination, 5 fit indices for CFA, the convergent validity (indicator reliabilities, composite reliabilities, average variance extracteds), and the discriminant validity fulfilled the acceptability thresholds. All generalizability estimates fulfilled the predetermined levels of acceptability (Tucker’s congruence coefficients, congruence tests, strict factorial invariance). The usefulness of the PAPEMCS was established by the higher scores of the PAPEMCS being related to non-urgent usage of PEMCS. Conclusions: The PAPEMCS demonstrated satisfactory reliability, validity, generalizability and usefulness. The PAPEMCS is useful to quantify the contents and extent of parental anxiety about PEMCS, and to clarify the mechanisms of non-urgent PEMCS usage.

Physicians’Perception of Palliative Care Consultation Service in a Major General Hospital in China

Objectives The in-hosptial palliative care consultation(PCC)is emerging as a routine service in some medical center in China.The current study evaluated how physicians in primary care team and consultation team perceive the PCC service for the purpose of investigating the effectiveness of this consultation model in a general hospital.Methods In-hosptial palliative care consultations have been carried out at Peking Union Medical College Hosptial by a dedicated consultation team,and37consultations were completed in2016.A questionnaire was designed for physicians in terms of its benefits to patients,their family as well as the primary care team.Physicians who applied for consultation in2016formally(requested from the department other than the Geriatrics)and informally(by rotating residents and unemployed visiting doctors in geriatric department)were invited to participate in the survey by scanning a two dimentional code on social networking platform.Results There were103physicians participated in the survey,including primary care physicians from the department of Internal Medicine(n=8),Gynaecology(n=16)and Surgery(n=13),rotating residents(n=30),visiting doctors(n=16)in Geriatric department,and PCC team members(n=20).94.0%of the non-PCC physicians agreed that PCC relieved the suffering of patients;89.2%thought PCC improved the quality of patients'life;there were91.6%,95.2%,90.4%physicians who felt it relieved the anxiety of patients,of family members and of care providers,respectively.There were96.4%physicians who felt it could ease the tension in physician-patient relationship;97.6%felt it lower the risk for medical negligence,and96.4%of doctors who applied for PPC felt satisfied with PCC service in terms of process and achieving objectives of consultation.More primary-team physician agree"PCC service helps the physicians better understand palliative care"than PCC members(97.6%vs.80%,P<0.05),while both were interested in learning more on palliative medicine(100%vs.96.4%,P>0.05).

Overview of the Shenzhen Emergency Medical Service Call Pattern

BACKGROUND:In Shenzhen,the Emergency Medical Service(EMS) system has been in service since 1997.This study aims to examine the operation of Shenzhen 120 EMS center and to identify the reasons of calling EMS.METHODS:In this retrospective quantitative descriptive study,the data from the Shenzhen 120 EMS registry in 2011 were analyzed.RESULTS:Shenzhen 120 EMS center is a communication command center.When the number of 120 are dialed,it is forwarded to the closest appropriate hospital for ambulance dispatch.In2011,the Shenzhen 120 EMS center received 153 160 ambulance calls,with an average of 420 calls per day.Calling emergency services was mainly due to traffic accidents.Trauma and other acute diseases constituted a majority of ambulance transports.The adult patients aged 15-60 years are the principal users of EMS.There are no recognized 'paramedic' doctors and nurses.The pre-hospital emergency service is under the operation of emergency departments of hospitals.Shenzhen at present does not have specialized pre-hospital training for doctors and nurses in posttrauma management.Moreover,specialized pre-hospital training,financial support,and public health education on proper use of EMS should be emphasized.CONCLUSION:The Shenzhen 120 EMS center has its own epidemiology characteristics.Traumatic injury and traffic accident are the main reasons for calling ambulance service.In-depth study emphasizing the distribution and characteristics of trauma patients is crucial to the future development of EMS.

Interdepartmental miscommunication regarding radiology:Addressing chronic challenges and exploring solutions

Effective communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals are crucial for delivering high-quality patient care.Interdepartmental miscommunication poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems,potentially undermining the quality of healthcare services provided.In the same manner,communication barriers between referring physicians and radiologists can specifically affect radiology services and patient outcomes.This article attempts to put the spotlight on the ever-present chronic challenges of this issue and prompt readers to recognize the relevant potential pitfalls in their daily clinical practice.Practical solutions are explored and proposed,which should be tailored to the specific needs and issues that each individual institution may face.

基于Anderson模型社区老年人医养结合服务的利用水平及影响因素研究

目的探究基于卫生服务利用的Anderson模型,了解社区居家老年人目前医养结合服务利用水平及影响因素,旨在推进优化服务体系建设。方法对上海市浦东新区某街道内长护险服务覆盖的居家养老老年人进行问卷调查并分析,调查内容包括倾向特征、促进资源和需要三个层面的影响因素和医养结合服务利用水平现状。结果调查共收到问卷2348份,有效问卷2302份,问卷有效回收率为98.04%。不同长护险评估等级的老年人中年龄段(年龄段占比)、文化程度、疾病数量、需要帮助程度,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。27项生活护理服务中,利用率排名前六的项目依次为指/趾甲护理、手/足部清洁、沐浴、梳理/洗发、温水擦浴、头面部清洁;15项常用医疗护理服务方面,目前“未利用任意一项”的占比为61.86%。多元线性回归模型提示,倾向因素中的年龄对生活照护服务、整体医养结合服务利用均有正向影响(P<0.05),文化程度对生活照护服务、整体医养结合服务利用均有负面影响(P<0.05);促使因素中的医保类别、生活来源、照护费用对各服务利用均无影响(P>0.05);需要因素中的需要帮助程度、疾病数量、长护险等级对生活照护服务、医疗护理照护服务、整体医养结合服务利用均有正向影响(P<0.05)。结论长护险制度协调了居家养老的老年人的服务需求与服务供给,各项服务的利用水平仍有待进一步提升,服务模式有待优化。

On Rural Medical Care and Health Undertaking Development during New Medical Reform

Based on in-depth survey of township hospitals in Lushan County of Henan Province, this paper studies the development situations of rural medical care and health undertaking in the course of new medical reform. Results show that both rural medical institution and public health undertaking have considerable development in this course. Working capital situation gradually turns better. However, there are still problems and challenge of shortage of high quality medical care personnel, lack of employment mechanism, poor medical environment, and imperfect bidding and purchasing system of medicines. To further develop rural medical situation, it should improve medical environment, speed up informationization construction, and give prominence to functional orientation.

Mobile EMR Use for Epidemiological Surveillance on a Medical Service Trip in Honduras: A Pilot Study

Rationale: Medical treatment on short-term primary care medical service trips (MSTs) is generally symptom-based and supplemented by point-of-care testing. This pilot study contributes to the effective planning for such austere settings based on predicted symptomology. Objective: We aimed to prospectively document the epidemiology of patients seen during two low-resource clinics on a MST in Honduras and apply predefined case definitions adapted from guidelines used by international healthcare organizations (e.g. World Health Organization). Methods: An observational design was used to track the epidemiology during two clinics on an MST in Limon, Honduras in March 2015. The QuickChart mobile electronic medical record (EMR) application was piloted to document diagnoses according to predefined case definitions. Results: The most commonly diagnosed syndromes were upper respiratory complaints (20.19%), nonspecific abdominal complaints (20.19%), general pain (15.38%), hypertension (9.62%), pruritus (6.73%), and asthma/ COPD (4.81%). The case definitions accounted for 94% of all complaints and diagnoses on the brigade. Discussion: The distribution of common patient diagnoses on this MST was similar to that which had been reported elsewhere. The use of broader symptom-based case definitions for epidemiologic surveillance could also facilitate the syndromic management of patients seen on MSTs, and improve the consistency of treatment offered. Conclusion: Case definitions for common syndromes on primary care MSTs may be a feasible method of standardizing patient management. Preliminary use of the QuickChart EMR was acceptable for documentation of epidemiology in the field. Further study is necessary to investigate the reliability of syndromic diagnostic criteria between different clinicians and in a variety of MST settings.

我国养老产业发展“拐点”研判——基于多案例研究的典型事实

随着人口老龄化进程加速,我国的养老需求结构正在从生存型向发展型转变,这将为养老产业的发展带来广阔的市场空间,但当前我国养老产业发展相对滞后,仍面临严重的发展困境。我国养老产业发展的“拐点”何时到来?为回答好这个问题,本文以案例研究和实证分析相结合的研究框架,首先,以法、德、日、美四国为例,系统梳理其养老产业发展历程,总结归纳出养老产业发展“拐点”出现的共性特征;其次,聚焦日本养老产业发展轨迹,重点关注其介护险实施前后养老产业相关重要指标变化;最后,选取九个养老产业相关指标,基于指数平滑、灰色模型等方法对中国养老产业未来情况进行预测,并与日本可比时期指标情况进行比较,判断中国养老产业“拐点”出现的可能时间。研究发现:养老产业发展“拐点”的出现具有四个共性特征,分别是三支柱养老金体系改革、长护险制度全面实施、多元化服务助推医养结合、代际转换背后的产业增量机会,而中国养老产业发展“拐点”可能出现的窗口期将在2026—2030年间。

社会工作介入医养结合养老照护服务的优化路径研究

从社会工作的视角分析医养结合养老照护服务问题是回应健康中国规划和人口老龄化现状的重要内容。通过分析医养结合和照护轨迹的内涵,审视当前社会存在的医养结合的养老照护服务中的困境,发现当代社会的医养结合照护服务的制度和政策存在发展功能性障碍,医养结合养老照护服务体系缺乏整合机制,人才队伍建设跨学科合作存在区隔界限,社会支持网络结构功能失调。为此,经过前期的理论和实践探索,建议以社会工作方法嵌入的方式构建医养结合养老照护服务的政策保障,发挥协调整合的社会工作专业角色建构多元化的整合机制,从跨专业合作的角度探索医养结合养老照护服务的人才建设模式,通过“医务社工+志愿者”的联动机制实现医养结合养老照护服务的社会支持网络平衡。从而最终实现医养结合模式的养老照护服务优化路径的系统性重构和整体性重塑的长效跃升发展。

北京市老年人医养结合的难点与对策:机构的视角

中国老年群体在全国人口中的比例越来越大,如何通过医养结合真正做到老有所养、病有所医,是当前亟须解决的重要难题。以北京市为例,分析了北京市医养结合的发展形势,通过对北京三种主要的医养结合模式进行实地调研,从组织机构的视角总结不同模式面临的困难和挑战,建议进一步统筹协调京津冀医养结合政策,加快长期照护险落地,加强养老人才队伍的专业化建设,强化对养老机构的标准化建设和监管,大力发展科技养老、智慧养老。

北京市综合医改前后社区卫生服务机构治疗费用的受益人群分析

背景厘清社区卫生服务机构主要服务的人群特点,对下一步社区卫生服务机构的精准改革具有十分重要的意义。目的通过分析综合改革前后北京市社区卫生服务机构治疗费用的受益人群特征,为下一步改革政策制定和调整提供精准的数据支持。方法本研究基础数据来源于2016—2019年北京市卫生总费用核算基础数据库,其他数据来源于2016—2019年《北京市卫生健康统计年鉴》《北京市卫生财务统计年报》《北京市卫生费用核算报告》等。采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方案选取社区卫生服务机构,从HIS系统纳入全年的门诊数据、住院患者的数据。采用卫生费用核算体系2011(SHA2011)核算、分析社区卫生服务机构治疗费用的受益人群状况。结果2016—2019年北京市社区卫生服务机构治疗费用从121.81亿元增长至222.45亿元,年均增长19.07%。40岁以上中老年患者治疗费用历年占比均在92%以上,60~岁、80~岁两个年龄组患者治疗费用增长较快,年均增速分别为24.08%、25.84%;治疗费用中内分泌、营养和代谢疾病,症状、体征和检验异常、循环系统疾病占比最高,内分泌、营养和代谢疾病,神经系统疾病,症状、体征和检验异常疾病治疗费用增长较快,年均增速分别为40.11%、48.40%和32.43%。结论综合改革后分级诊疗成效初显,社区医疗服务资源主要由中老年患者、内分泌、循环系统等慢性非传染性疾病患者所消耗,改革引导更多中老年和慢性病患者流向社区,社区卫生服务机构应该从服务能力、人才队伍、慢性病管理、医联体建设等多方面着手,提升其服务能力,巩固和维持改革的效果。

基于政策工具的河南省医养结合政策文本分析

目的:选取2016~2023年河南省医养结合政策文本为研究对象,研究分析政策文本内容的特征及不足,提出合理化建议,为完善河南省医养结合政策体系提供参考。方法:以政策工具为视角,结合参与主体维度构建二维分析框架,采用内容分析法对27个政策文本进行分析,得到有效编码172条。结果:政策工具结构不平衡,供给型政策工具占29%,需求型政策工具占8%,环境型政策工具占63%;参与主体分布不均衡,政府参与占61%,养老机构参与占8%,医疗卫生机构参与占16%,社会组织参与占12%,健康产业参与占3%。结论:河南省医养结合政策内容丰富、层次鲜明、目标清晰,但政策工具结构不平衡、参与主体分布不均衡,要优化政策工具间结构、协调各参与主体在政策工具中分布、加强各参与主体在各个政策工具中的交互协作,促进河南省医养结合政策发展。

医养结合护理模式在老年患者髋关节置换术后的应用效果

目的探讨以医养结合为主体的中医护理模式在老年髋关节置换术后患者中的应用效果。方法便利抽取2021年4月至2022年4月在佛山市中医院关节外科行髋关节置换术的63例患者作为对照组,2022年5月至2023年5月的64例行髋关节置换术的患者作为观察组。对照组在术后采用常规的康复护理训练方案,观察组在对照组基础上,采用医养结合为主体的中医康复护理方案,干预1、3个月后评估两组的髋关节功能、恐动症、日常活动能力评分。结果干预1、3个月后,观察组的髋关节功能评分、恐动症评分、日常活动能力评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于医养结合的中医护理模式有助于提高老年髋关节置换术后患者髋关节功能和降低恐动症水平,并提升患者的日常生活能力,值得临床推广。

人口老龄化背景下农村医养结合服务的现状与对策——以唐山市乐亭县为例

以唐山市乐亭县农村医养结合服务模式和现状为例,针对目前农村地区医养结合服务存在的供需失衡、“医”与“养”资源融合不足、设施落后、缺乏专业服务人员等问题,提出完善政策体系和保障制度,强化医养衔接,开展多层次医养结合服务,加强人才队伍建设,构建医养结合信息化系统的对策建议,从而推动农村医养结合的发展。

质控视角下甘肃省口腔医疗服务与质量安全数据分析

目的 从口腔门诊和住院的相关指标分析2018、2019、2021年甘肃省口腔医疗机构的医疗服务和质量安全,以期为甘肃省的口腔医疗发展提供数据支持。方法 基于2019—2022年《国家医疗服务与质量安全报告》(口腔医学分册)数据,分析甘肃省口腔门诊和住院重点病种、重点技术平均就诊人次及部分单病种相关指标的变化情况。结果 2018、2019、2021年甘肃省口腔门诊重点病种的年均就诊人次总体呈下降趋势。与全国比较,甘肃省10个重点病种的年均就诊人次仍处于较低水平,多个重点病种的年均就诊人次显著低于全国水平(P<0.05)。2018、2019、2021年甘肃省9个重点技术年均就诊人次整体基本保持不变,其中根管治疗术、牙周洁治术、阻生牙拔除术、可摘局部义齿修复术、慢性牙周炎系统治疗,及种植体植入术的年均就诊人次均显著低于全国水平(P<0.05)。甘肃省口腔颌面部间隙感染的平均出院患者数及上颌骨骨折患者的平均住院费用均显著高于全国水平(P<0.05)。甘肃省腮腺肿物切除+面神经解剖术患者的平均住院日及平均住院费用略高于全国水平,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 甘肃省口腔门诊的医疗服务量有待进一步提升;甘肃省口腔住院患者重点手术的平均住院日及平均住院费用需进一步缩减。