Long-chain alcohols were considered to be promising alternative fuels and fuel additives. This study was aimed at figuring out the influences of blending long-chain alcohols with jet fuel on the macroscopic spray char...Long-chain alcohols were considered to be promising alternative fuels and fuel additives. This study was aimed at figuring out the influences of blending long-chain alcohols with jet fuel on the macroscopic spray characteristic. n-Butanol and n-pentanol were chosen as tested alternative fuels. A common-rail injection system was used to create high-pressure injection conditions. The Schlieren imaging system was used to capture spray processes. Results showed that with the addition of long-chain alcohols, the spray tip penetration and the peak spray tip velocity increased, whereas the spray cone angle and the spray area decreased. Comparisons between those macroscopic spray characteristics of AKB blends and AKP blends were also conducted. Compared to AKB blends, AKP blends showed similar spray tip penetration, larger peak tip velocity, smaller spray cone angle, and smaller spray area.展开更多
Two trials (1st Trial-46 and 2nd Trial-64 hrs duration) experiment in 8 out-door tanks (5 m3) were carried out with similar design: 4 fish densities (0, 1, 5, and 10), 2 densities of zooplankton (high and low) and 4 i...Two trials (1st Trial-46 and 2nd Trial-64 hrs duration) experiment in 8 out-door tanks (5 m3) were carried out with similar design: 4 fish densities (0, 1, 5, and 10), 2 densities of zooplankton (high and low) and 4 increasing levels of P and N concentrations of nutrient enrichments. The consecutive changes of N and P concentrations were measured at 3 (Trial 1) and 4 (Trial 2) time intervals. It was found that nutrient uptake of the entire community, which is the differences between initial and final concentrations, was mostly affected by the initial enrichment. The ecological implications are discussed.展开更多
柯克曼女生散步问题是组合设计中的传统问题,提出组合C_(n)^(m)的循环生成法。此方法将集合V中n个元素均匀分布在圆周上,将求解C_(n)^(m)的组合转换为在圆周上求解m边形组合,一个m边形沿着圆周转动可产生n个结构相同的m边形。当m=3,v≡3...柯克曼女生散步问题是组合设计中的传统问题,提出组合C_(n)^(m)的循环生成法。此方法将集合V中n个元素均匀分布在圆周上,将求解C_(n)^(m)的组合转换为在圆周上求解m边形组合,一个m边形沿着圆周转动可产生n个结构相同的m边形。当m=3,v≡3 mod 12时,把组合C_(n)^(m)的循环生成法运用于构造柯克曼三元系,可方便生成构造柯克曼三元系。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51376171)
文摘Long-chain alcohols were considered to be promising alternative fuels and fuel additives. This study was aimed at figuring out the influences of blending long-chain alcohols with jet fuel on the macroscopic spray characteristic. n-Butanol and n-pentanol were chosen as tested alternative fuels. A common-rail injection system was used to create high-pressure injection conditions. The Schlieren imaging system was used to capture spray processes. Results showed that with the addition of long-chain alcohols, the spray tip penetration and the peak spray tip velocity increased, whereas the spray cone angle and the spray area decreased. Comparisons between those macroscopic spray characteristics of AKB blends and AKP blends were also conducted. Compared to AKB blends, AKP blends showed similar spray tip penetration, larger peak tip velocity, smaller spray cone angle, and smaller spray area.
文摘Two trials (1st Trial-46 and 2nd Trial-64 hrs duration) experiment in 8 out-door tanks (5 m3) were carried out with similar design: 4 fish densities (0, 1, 5, and 10), 2 densities of zooplankton (high and low) and 4 increasing levels of P and N concentrations of nutrient enrichments. The consecutive changes of N and P concentrations were measured at 3 (Trial 1) and 4 (Trial 2) time intervals. It was found that nutrient uptake of the entire community, which is the differences between initial and final concentrations, was mostly affected by the initial enrichment. The ecological implications are discussed.
文摘柯克曼女生散步问题是组合设计中的传统问题,提出组合C_(n)^(m)的循环生成法。此方法将集合V中n个元素均匀分布在圆周上,将求解C_(n)^(m)的组合转换为在圆周上求解m边形组合,一个m边形沿着圆周转动可产生n个结构相同的m边形。当m=3,v≡3 mod 12时,把组合C_(n)^(m)的循环生成法运用于构造柯克曼三元系,可方便生成构造柯克曼三元系。
