A set of 132 accessions of commonmillet, Panicum miliaceum L., from12 provinces of China were assessed for endosperm starch type （waxy or non-waxy） using I2-KI staining, amylose and amylopectin contents using the du...A set of 132 accessions of commonmillet, Panicum miliaceum L., from12 provinces of China were assessed for endosperm starch type （waxy or non-waxy） using I2-KI staining, amylose and amylopectin contents using the dual-wavelength colorimetric method, and genotype of Waxygenes conditioning amylose content by gene sequencing. Endosperm starch content varied from 57.69% to 74.70%, while the amylose and amylopectin contents of the starch ranged from 0 to 23.29% and from 41.99% to 70.24%, respectively. Sequencing two Wx genes, including Wx-L （intron 5-exon 7 and intron 8–9） andWx-S （exon 9–intron 10） revealed several polymorphisms （S0, S？15, LC, LF, LY）. Marker M5-R11 linking to the Wx-S gene may be used to discriminate waxy common millet accessions from non-waxy ones. Among the 132 accessions, 68 with the S？15 allele had waxy endosperm starch with the amylose content range 0–2.58% and 64 accessions with the S0 allele had non-waxy endosperm starch with amylose content range 3.94%–23.29%. Five genotypes including So15/LF （45% of the accessions）, S0/LF （25%）, S0/LY （12%）, S0/LC （11%）, and S？15/LY （7%） were identified. Six new SNPs were detected at the Wx-L locus. These results will facilitate common millet breeding, especially of cultivars free of amylose.展开更多
To apply carbon isotope composition （δ13C） analyses of C4 plants to the quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate, the functional mechanism linking plant δ13C （δ13Cp） to the environment, which is based on the...To apply carbon isotope composition （δ13C） analyses of C4 plants to the quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate, the functional mechanism linking plant δ13C （δ13Cp） to the environment, which is based on the plants＇ physiological characteristics and morphological adaptability, must be thoroughly understood. Foxtail millet （Setaria italic） and common millet （Panicum miliaceum）, as C4 plants, are representative crops of the rain-fed agriculture present in northern China. Fossil millets are ideal for paleoclimatic studies because of the ease of acquisition and identification to the species level. Modem seeds of foxtail and common millet collected from different habitats of the Chinese Loess Plateau, and their carbon isotope compositions, were an- alyzed and correlated with environmental factors, such as latitude, altitude, temperature, precipitation, water availability, and relative humidity. The results showed that the δ13C of foxtail millet had a significantly negative correlation with latitude （R=-0.46）, which may indicate the influence of light. The effect of light on the δ13C of foxtail millet accounted for only 21% of variability, while other climatic factors did not exert significant influences. Thus, the δ13C of foxtail millet was not suitable for extracting climatic information. The δ13C of common millet was significantly and positively correlated with precipitation during the growing period （R=0.75）, explaining 56% of variability. The functional mechanisms analyzed, using the plants＇ physiological characteristics and morphological adaptability, indicated that common millet can adapt to environmental changes because of stomatal sensitivity and some non-stomatal factors. Therefore, the 813C of common millet can record precipitation during growth and is a promising factor for paleoclimatic reconstruction.展开更多
Proso millet is an important short-duration crop that adapts well to varied climatic conditions and is grown worldwide for food,feed and fodder purposes.Owing to a lack of genetic improvement,the crop has experienced ...Proso millet is an important short-duration crop that adapts well to varied climatic conditions and is grown worldwide for food,feed and fodder purposes.Owing to a lack of genetic improvement,the crop has experienced no yield improvement and provides low income to farmers.In this study,200 accessions of proso millet originating in 30 countries were evaluated in two rainy seasons to assess phenotypic diversity for morpho-agronomic and grain nutritional traits and to identify high grain-yielding and grain nutrient-rich accessions.Proso millet diversity was structured by geographical region,by country within region,and by racial group.Race patentissimum showed high diversity and ovatum low diversity,and diverged widely from each other.The lowest divergence was observed between races compactum and ovatum.Eighteen high grain-yielding,10 large-seeded,and 26 two or more grain nutrients-rich accessions were identified,and highly diverse pairs of accessions within and between trait groups were identified.They included IPm 9 and IPm2661 for high grain yield and large seed size;and IPm 2069,IPm 2076,and IPm 2537 for high Fe,Zn,Ca,and protein contents.IPm 2875 had a seed coat that is readily removed by threshing.This study provides valuable information to proso millet researchers about agronomic and nutritional traits in accessions that could be tested for regional adaption and yield for direct release as cultivars,and could be used in breeding for developing high grain-yielding and nutrient-rich cultivars.展开更多
谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)和糜子(Panicum miliaceum L.)是中国起源的古老粟类作物,在旱作生态可持续农业建设和种植业结构调整中具有重要作用,也是应对未来更加干旱环境的战略储备作物。自2001年到2015年,全国农技中心组织国家谷...谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)和糜子(Panicum miliaceum L.)是中国起源的古老粟类作物,在旱作生态可持续农业建设和种植业结构调整中具有重要作用,也是应对未来更加干旱环境的战略储备作物。自2001年到2015年,全国农技中心组织国家谷子糜子区域试验,对这个时期培育的谷子糜子品种的产量、适应性和品质进行综合鉴定,积累这个时期谷子糜子育成品种的产量和农艺性状表现的基础数据。本期《中国农业科学》发表了6篇对过去10—15年谷子糜子育成品种产量和农艺性状表现的分析评价文章,这些文章从整体上梳理了中国华北夏谷区、西北早熟区、西北中晚熟区、东北春谷区和糜子育成品种的产量水平、育种进步的性状和存在问题等,也提出了近期及将来的育种目标。本文是对这6篇文章进行的简评,希望能引导这6篇文章的深入研读。谷子糜子育种的突破有赖于关键性亲本的发现、创制和利用,以及有益产量性状累加育种技术的突破;商品性优质、食味优质、功能性优质专用和中矮秆适合机械化轻简化栽培应成为谷子糜子育种最应关注的重点方向。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271791)Research Project supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2016-066)+4 种基金the Subject Construction Project of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(16A0102)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-06-13.5-A16)the Key Research and Development Program(General Project)(Agriculture)of Shanxi Province of China(201603D221003-5)the Special Program of Crop Germplasm Resources Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China(2017NWB036-21)the Subplatform Project of National Proso Millet Germplasm Resources of China(NICGR2017-027)
文摘A set of 132 accessions of commonmillet, Panicum miliaceum L., from12 provinces of China were assessed for endosperm starch type （waxy or non-waxy） using I2-KI staining, amylose and amylopectin contents using the dual-wavelength colorimetric method, and genotype of Waxygenes conditioning amylose content by gene sequencing. Endosperm starch content varied from 57.69% to 74.70%, while the amylose and amylopectin contents of the starch ranged from 0 to 23.29% and from 41.99% to 70.24%, respectively. Sequencing two Wx genes, including Wx-L （intron 5-exon 7 and intron 8–9） andWx-S （exon 9–intron 10） revealed several polymorphisms （S0, S？15, LC, LF, LY）. Marker M5-R11 linking to the Wx-S gene may be used to discriminate waxy common millet accessions from non-waxy ones. Among the 132 accessions, 68 with the S？15 allele had waxy endosperm starch with the amylose content range 0–2.58% and 64 accessions with the S0 allele had non-waxy endosperm starch with amylose content range 3.94%–23.29%. Five genotypes including So15/LF （45% of the accessions）, S0/LF （25%）, S0/LY （12%）, S0/LC （11%）, and S？15/LY （7%） were identified. Six new SNPs were detected at the Wx-L locus. These results will facilitate common millet breeding, especially of cultivars free of amylose.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41301042&41172161)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB953803)
文摘To apply carbon isotope composition （δ13C） analyses of C4 plants to the quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate, the functional mechanism linking plant δ13C （δ13Cp） to the environment, which is based on the plants＇ physiological characteristics and morphological adaptability, must be thoroughly understood. Foxtail millet （Setaria italic） and common millet （Panicum miliaceum）, as C4 plants, are representative crops of the rain-fed agriculture present in northern China. Fossil millets are ideal for paleoclimatic studies because of the ease of acquisition and identification to the species level. Modem seeds of foxtail and common millet collected from different habitats of the Chinese Loess Plateau, and their carbon isotope compositions, were an- alyzed and correlated with environmental factors, such as latitude, altitude, temperature, precipitation, water availability, and relative humidity. The results showed that the δ13C of foxtail millet had a significantly negative correlation with latitude （R=-0.46）, which may indicate the influence of light. The effect of light on the δ13C of foxtail millet accounted for only 21% of variability, while other climatic factors did not exert significant influences. Thus, the δ13C of foxtail millet was not suitable for extracting climatic information. The δ13C of common millet was significantly and positively correlated with precipitation during the growing period （R=0.75）, explaining 56% of variability. The functional mechanisms analyzed, using the plants＇ physiological characteristics and morphological adaptability, indicated that common millet can adapt to environmental changes because of stomatal sensitivity and some non-stomatal factors. Therefore, the 813C of common millet can record precipitation during growth and is a promising factor for paleoclimatic reconstruction.
文摘Proso millet is an important short-duration crop that adapts well to varied climatic conditions and is grown worldwide for food,feed and fodder purposes.Owing to a lack of genetic improvement,the crop has experienced no yield improvement and provides low income to farmers.In this study,200 accessions of proso millet originating in 30 countries were evaluated in two rainy seasons to assess phenotypic diversity for morpho-agronomic and grain nutritional traits and to identify high grain-yielding and grain nutrient-rich accessions.Proso millet diversity was structured by geographical region,by country within region,and by racial group.Race patentissimum showed high diversity and ovatum low diversity,and diverged widely from each other.The lowest divergence was observed between races compactum and ovatum.Eighteen high grain-yielding,10 large-seeded,and 26 two or more grain nutrients-rich accessions were identified,and highly diverse pairs of accessions within and between trait groups were identified.They included IPm 9 and IPm2661 for high grain yield and large seed size;and IPm 2069,IPm 2076,and IPm 2537 for high Fe,Zn,Ca,and protein contents.IPm 2875 had a seed coat that is readily removed by threshing.This study provides valuable information to proso millet researchers about agronomic and nutritional traits in accessions that could be tested for regional adaption and yield for direct release as cultivars,and could be used in breeding for developing high grain-yielding and nutrient-rich cultivars.
文摘谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)和糜子(Panicum miliaceum L.)是中国起源的古老粟类作物,在旱作生态可持续农业建设和种植业结构调整中具有重要作用,也是应对未来更加干旱环境的战略储备作物。自2001年到2015年,全国农技中心组织国家谷子糜子区域试验,对这个时期培育的谷子糜子品种的产量、适应性和品质进行综合鉴定,积累这个时期谷子糜子育成品种的产量和农艺性状表现的基础数据。本期《中国农业科学》发表了6篇对过去10—15年谷子糜子育成品种产量和农艺性状表现的分析评价文章,这些文章从整体上梳理了中国华北夏谷区、西北早熟区、西北中晚熟区、东北春谷区和糜子育成品种的产量水平、育种进步的性状和存在问题等,也提出了近期及将来的育种目标。本文是对这6篇文章进行的简评,希望能引导这6篇文章的深入研读。谷子糜子育种的突破有赖于关键性亲本的发现、创制和利用,以及有益产量性状累加育种技术的突破;商品性优质、食味优质、功能性优质专用和中矮秆适合机械化轻简化栽培应成为谷子糜子育种最应关注的重点方向。
