In this paper,a series of major policy decisions used to improve the power grid reliability,reduce the risk and losses of major power outages,and realize the modernization of 21st century power grid are discussed. The...In this paper,a series of major policy decisions used to improve the power grid reliability,reduce the risk and losses of major power outages,and realize the modernization of 21st century power grid are discussed. These decisions were adopted by American government and would also be helpful for the strategic development of Chinese power grid. It is proposed that China should take precaution,carry out security research on the overall dynamic behaviour characteristics of the UHV grid using the complexity theory,and finally provide safeguard for the Chinese UHV grid. It is also pointed out that,due to the lack of matured approaches to controll a cascading failure,the primary duty of a system operator is to work as a "watchdog" for the grid operation security,eliminate the cumulative effect and reduce the risk and losses of major cascading outages with the help of EMS and WAMS.展开更多
The power-density function of the noise spectrum of open and complex systems changes by the power of frequency. We show that the fluctuation origin and the noise-powered description are equivalent to describe the colo...The power-density function of the noise spectrum of open and complex systems changes by the power of frequency. We show that the fluctuation origin and the noise-powered description are equivalent to describe the colored noise power density. Based on this, we introduce a scale-independent invariant for monitoring the dynamics of the complex system. The monitoring of the noise spectrum of the system specifies the forecast of failure, the timing of desired regular corrections and/or the assessed operation life of the system, indicating the possible faults before it happens, predicting deterioration like wear/tear, fatigue in the still properly working system. These considerations are highly applicable to living systems and their preventive care.展开更多
Along with the further development of science and technology, computer hardware and the Intemet are in a rapid development, and information technology has been widely used in all fields so that complex problems are si...Along with the further development of science and technology, computer hardware and the Intemet are in a rapid development, and information technology has been widely used in all fields so that complex problems are simply solved. Because of the needs for the development, software starts to mutually integrate with complex power network, making the scale of software increase greatly. Such a growing trend of software promotes soft-ware development to go beyond a general understanding and control and thus a complex system is formed. It is necessary to strengthen the research of complex network theory, and this is a new way to help people study the complexity of software systems. In this paper, the development course of complex dynamic network is introduced simply and the use of complex power network in the software engineering is summarized. Hopefully, this paper can help the crossover study of complex power network and software engineering in the future.展开更多
Electric power grids are evolving into complex cyber-physical power systems(CPPSs)that integrate advanced information and communication technologies(ICTs)but face increasing cyberspace threats and attacks.This study c...Electric power grids are evolving into complex cyber-physical power systems(CPPSs)that integrate advanced information and communication technologies(ICTs)but face increasing cyberspace threats and attacks.This study considers CPPS cyberspace security under distributed denial of service(DDoS)attacks and proposes a nonzero-sum game-theoretical model with incomplete information for appropriate allocation of defense resources based on the availability of limited resources.Task time delay is applied to quantify the expected utility as CPPSs have high time requirements and incur massive damage DDoS attacks.Different resource allocation strategies are adopted by attackers and defenders under the three cases of attack-free,failed attack,and successful attack,which lead to a corresponding consumption of resources.A multidimensional node value analysis is designed to introduce physical and cybersecurity indices.Simulation experiments and numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model for the appropriate allocation of defense resources in CPPSs under limited resource availability.展开更多
综合能源系统(integrated energy system, IES)的关键环节识别对于系统的脆弱性研究和改善有重要意义。针对传统还原论方法无法解释系统层面且复杂网络分析中未考虑能流带来影响的问题,提出一种基于潮流和复杂网络结构的IES关键环节识...综合能源系统(integrated energy system, IES)的关键环节识别对于系统的脆弱性研究和改善有重要意义。针对传统还原论方法无法解释系统层面且复杂网络分析中未考虑能流带来影响的问题,提出一种基于潮流和复杂网络结构的IES关键环节识别方法。首先,建立基于潮流的综合能源复杂网络模型,将IES的数学模型参数和潮流结果引入复杂网络的建模以使模型更加贴合现实的运行工况;其次,基于潮流计算结果和复杂网络参数,提出节点能量度和能量边介数2个评价指标,提高了关键环节识别精度;最后,根据所建立的模型对关键环节进行破坏并观察网络效率的变化,与其他攻击模式进行对比分析,验证了所提方法的可行性。展开更多
文摘In this paper,a series of major policy decisions used to improve the power grid reliability,reduce the risk and losses of major power outages,and realize the modernization of 21st century power grid are discussed. These decisions were adopted by American government and would also be helpful for the strategic development of Chinese power grid. It is proposed that China should take precaution,carry out security research on the overall dynamic behaviour characteristics of the UHV grid using the complexity theory,and finally provide safeguard for the Chinese UHV grid. It is also pointed out that,due to the lack of matured approaches to controll a cascading failure,the primary duty of a system operator is to work as a "watchdog" for the grid operation security,eliminate the cumulative effect and reduce the risk and losses of major cascading outages with the help of EMS and WAMS.
文摘The power-density function of the noise spectrum of open and complex systems changes by the power of frequency. We show that the fluctuation origin and the noise-powered description are equivalent to describe the colored noise power density. Based on this, we introduce a scale-independent invariant for monitoring the dynamics of the complex system. The monitoring of the noise spectrum of the system specifies the forecast of failure, the timing of desired regular corrections and/or the assessed operation life of the system, indicating the possible faults before it happens, predicting deterioration like wear/tear, fatigue in the still properly working system. These considerations are highly applicable to living systems and their preventive care.
文摘Along with the further development of science and technology, computer hardware and the Intemet are in a rapid development, and information technology has been widely used in all fields so that complex problems are simply solved. Because of the needs for the development, software starts to mutually integrate with complex power network, making the scale of software increase greatly. Such a growing trend of software promotes soft-ware development to go beyond a general understanding and control and thus a complex system is formed. It is necessary to strengthen the research of complex network theory, and this is a new way to help people study the complexity of software systems. In this paper, the development course of complex dynamic network is introduced simply and the use of complex power network in the software engineering is summarized. Hopefully, this paper can help the crossover study of complex power network and software engineering in the future.
基金supported by the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2022C01239)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52177119)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Zhejiang University NGICS Platform).
文摘Electric power grids are evolving into complex cyber-physical power systems(CPPSs)that integrate advanced information and communication technologies(ICTs)but face increasing cyberspace threats and attacks.This study considers CPPS cyberspace security under distributed denial of service(DDoS)attacks and proposes a nonzero-sum game-theoretical model with incomplete information for appropriate allocation of defense resources based on the availability of limited resources.Task time delay is applied to quantify the expected utility as CPPSs have high time requirements and incur massive damage DDoS attacks.Different resource allocation strategies are adopted by attackers and defenders under the three cases of attack-free,failed attack,and successful attack,which lead to a corresponding consumption of resources.A multidimensional node value analysis is designed to introduce physical and cybersecurity indices.Simulation experiments and numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model for the appropriate allocation of defense resources in CPPSs under limited resource availability.
文摘综合能源系统(integrated energy system, IES)的关键环节识别对于系统的脆弱性研究和改善有重要意义。针对传统还原论方法无法解释系统层面且复杂网络分析中未考虑能流带来影响的问题,提出一种基于潮流和复杂网络结构的IES关键环节识别方法。首先,建立基于潮流的综合能源复杂网络模型,将IES的数学模型参数和潮流结果引入复杂网络的建模以使模型更加贴合现实的运行工况;其次,基于潮流计算结果和复杂网络参数,提出节点能量度和能量边介数2个评价指标,提高了关键环节识别精度;最后,根据所建立的模型对关键环节进行破坏并观察网络效率的变化,与其他攻击模式进行对比分析,验证了所提方法的可行性。