MODEL STUDY OF DESIGN COMPONENTS FOR ENERGY-PERFORMANCE-BASED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN USING BIM LOD 100

One of the biggest global issues at present involves the search for measures to conserve energy and to combat climate change.Because of an increase in natural disasters and energy use,architects and engineers have been focusing more on creating green buildings with low-carbon designs.Building information modeling(BIM)is used to record all of the data related to buildings from the early design stage.This information can be used to respond to energy simulation feedback and to accommodate changes that may be necessary during the design developments.To mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and to conserve energy in the buildings,the application of a BIM-based low-carbon design technique is required from the early design stage.However,the existing research is limited to sub-segmented topics;therefore,it is difficult for designers to establish a rank grade for a low-carbon design technique that is required for application in design planning.In this study,we attempt to analyze the rank grade and the correlation among design components that affect a building’s energy performance.We selected tower buildings for the experiment,as they consume a massive amount of energy and have a large impact on the surrounding environment.We analyzed the values that resulted from different shapes,scales,slenderness ratios,window-to-wall ratios,and solar orientations of the tower buildings.Then,we identified a correlation and rank grade among different design components.Architects can maximize energy performance efficiency by considering and applying the rank grade of a low-carbon design technique during design planning.In addition,the development of guidelines for green BIM would reduce confusion in the decision-making process and design modification during the stages of design development,which would then minimize the cost.Furthermore,it is expected that this study can be used to create a database for the realization of green buildings.

Multiple fault diagnosis of down-hole conditions of sucker-rod pumping wells based on Freeman chain code and DCA

It is important to achieve continuous, stable and efficient pumping well operation in actual oilfield operation. Down-hole pumping well working conditions can be monitored in real-time and a reasonable production scheme can be designed when computer diagnosis is used. However, it is difficult to make a comprehensive analysis to supply efficient technical guidance for operation of the pumping well with multiple faults of down-hole conditions, which cannot be effectively dealt with by the common methods. To solve this problem, a method based on designated component analysis （DCA） is used in this paper. Freeman chain code is used to represent the down-hole dynamometer card whose important characteristics are extracted to construct a designated mode set. A control chart is used as a basis for fault detection. The upper and lower control lines on the control chart are determined from standard samples in normal working conditions. In an incompletely orthogonal mode, the designated mode set could be divided into some subsets in which the modes are completely orthogonal. The observed data is projected into each designated mode to realize fault detection according to the upper and lower control lines. The examples show that the proposed method can effectively diagnose multiple faults of down-hole conditions.

Green hydrogen production by intermediate-temperature protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells:Advances,challenges,and perspectives

Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)operating at intermediate temperatures,which have low costs,low environmental impact,and high theoretical electrolysis efficiency,are considered promising next-generation energy conversion devices for green hydrogen production.However,the developments and applications of P-SOECs are restricted by numerous material-and interface-related issues,including carrier mismatch between the anode and electrolyte,current leakage in the electrolyte,poor interfacial contact,and chemical stability.Over the past few decades,considerable attempts have been made to address these issues by improving the properties of P-SOECs.This review comprehensively explores the recent advances in the mechanisms governing steam electrolysis in P-SOECs,optimization strategies,specially designed components,electrochemical performance,and durability.In particular,given that the lack of suitable anode materials has significantly impeded P-SOEC development,the relationships between the transferred carriers and the cell performance,reaction models,and surface decoration approaches are meticulously probed.Finally,the challenges hindering P-SOEC development are discussed and recommendations for future research directions,including theoretical calculations and simulations,structural modification approaches,and large-scale single-cell fabrication,are proposed to stimulate research on P-SOECs and thereby realize efficient electricity-to-hydrogen conversion.

Progress and challenges of ceramics for supercapacitors

Supercapacitors(SCs)are one of the most promising electrical energy storage technologies systems due to their fast storage capability,long cycle stability,high power density,and environmental friendliness.Enormous research has focused on the design of nanomaterials to achieve low cost,highly efficient,and stable electrodes.Ceramic materials provide promising candidates for SCs electrodes.However,the low specific surface area and relatively low surface activity severely hinder the SCs performance of ceramic materials.Therefore,the basic understanding of ceramic materials,the optimization strategy,and the research progress of ceramic electrodes are the key steps to enable good electrical conductivity and excellent electron transport capabilities,and realize economically feasible ceramic electrodes in industry.Herein,we review recent achievements in manufacturing the ceramic electrodes for SCs,including metal oxide ceramics,multi-elemental oxide ceramics,metal hydroxide ceramics,metal sulfide ceramics,carbon-based ceramics,carbide and nitride ceramics,and other special ceramics(MXene).We focus on the unique and key factors in the component and structural design of ceramic electrodes,which correlate them with SCs performance.In addition,the current technical challenges and perspectives of ceramic electrodes for SCs are also discussed.