Comprehensive reutilization of herbal waste:Coproduction of magnolol,honokiol,and β-amyrin from Magnolia officinalis residue

Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.

Comprehensive Utilization and Control Measures of Iron and Steel Slag

With the increase of steel production,the amount of steel slag piled up is on the rise.The article analyzes the current situation of blast furnace slag utilization,elaborates on the current treatment technology of blast furnace slag,and points out that in the future,the utilization of blast furnace slag will develop towards the direction of developing high value-added products,and the sensible heat recovery rate of blast furnace slag is expected to increase.Analyze the current application status and treatment process of converter slag.The comprehensive treat-ment technology of converter slag is limited by multiple factors,and it is proposed to control converter slag from the production source through"slag recycling".

Advances in Research on Comprehensive Utilization of Tea Waste

China is a big producer and consumer of tea. A huge amount of tea waste is produced in China every year, resulting in environmental pollution and enormous natural resources waste. From the perspective of utilization way, this pa- per summarized the research progresses in tea waste as a raw material for ex- tracting active ingredients and preparing absorbent, activated carbon, bio-organic fer- tilizer, animal feed and nutrients for edible fungi cultivation. In addition, the develop- ment trend of comprehensive utilization of tea waste was prospected. It is found that the comprehensive utilization of tea waste using a variety of techniques can im- prove the utilization efficiency of tea waste and reduce production costs. Finally, a simple and practical comprehensive utilization program was proposed to provide a reference for practical application.

A novel method for comprehensive utilization of sintering dust

A novel process aimed at the comprehensive utilization of sintering dust was developed by combining wetting grinding with sulfidization flotation. The mineralogical characteristics of the sintering dust and products were studied by powder wettability analysis, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and mineral liberation analyzer（MLA）. It was found that the primary lead species was laurionite and most of the particles were overwrapped with KCl. Wetting grinding was shown to accelerate the dispersion of sintering dust and transform the KCl overlay to a leachate with 20.78 g/L of K＋. A lead and silver concentrate consisting of 40.82% of Pb and 0.96 kg/t of Ag was achieved, while an iron concentrate with 60.89% of Fe was gained as tailings among sulfidization flotation. The recoveries of Pb, Ag and Fe were 89.57%, 87.85% and 88.58%, respectively. The results indicate that this method is a feasible and promising process for the comprehensive utilization of sintering dust.

A Comprehensive Review of the Utilization of Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz) Leaf

Cassava is a multi-purpose crop for food, feed and industrial raw materi- als （starch, modified starch and ethanol fuel）. Cassava leaf, an important by-product of cassava industry, is rich in protein, minerals and flavonoids. This article reviews the utilization of cassava leaf in the production of food, animal feed and antioxidants in recent years, analyzes the effects of anti-nutritional factors and extraction of an- tioxidative flavonoids on the utilization of cassava leaf, finally puts forward the main problems in the utilization of cassava leaf, to provide a theoretical basis for the ba- sic research of cassava leaf.

Chemical constituents,biological functions and pharmacological effects for comprehensive utilization of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a native plant and valuable tonic Chinese medicine in China with a long history,great economic value and comprehensive development potential.Traditionally,the comprehensive utilization rate of E.ulmoides Oliv.is still very low,only bark has been used as medicine and other parts of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.cannot be fully utilized,even the leaves have been well utilized in food products in Japan in the past decades.In order to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of E.ulmoides Oliv.,in this review,we summarized the varieties and contents of main active compounds,biological functions and pharmacological effects in different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.The findings suggest that other parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.could replace the bark of E.ulmoides Oliv.to some extent besides of their respective applications.The unique and extensive physiological functions between different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.indicate that the comprehensive utilization of E.ulmoides Oliv.has a wide space to develop,which is also an effective way to protect E.ulmoides Oliv.resources and improve its the utilization rate.

Formation cause,composition analysis and comprehensive utilization of rare earth solid wastes

Based on practical situation of rare earth industrial chain,production process and rare earth materials that could produce solid wastes on batch were discussed.Formation cause,formation volume,composition analysis and comprehensive utilization of the solid wastes of rare earth hydrometallurgy slag,electrolysis slag,Fe-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,Co-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,rare earth hydrogen storage materials,rare earth polishing powders and rare earth catalysts were ...

New technique of comprehensive utilization of spent Al_2O_3-based catalyst

A new technology was developed to recover multiple valuable elements from the spent Al2O3-based catalyst by X-ray phase analysis and exploratory experiments. The experimental results show that in the condition of roasting temperature of 750℃ and roasting time of 30 min, molar ratio of Na2O to Al2O3 of 1.2, the leaching rates of alumina, vanadium and molybdenum in the spent catalyst are 97.2%, 95.8% and 98.9%, respectively. Vanadium and molybdenum in sodium aluminate solution can be recovered by precipitators A and B, and the precipitation rates of vanadium and molybdenum are 94.8% and 92.6%. Al（OH）3 was prepared from sodium aluminate solution in the carbonation decomposition process, and the purity of Al2O3 is 99.9% after calcination, the recovery of alumina reaches 90.6% in the whole process; the Ni-Co concentrate was leached by sulfuric acid, a nickel recovery of 98.2% and cobalt recovery over 98.5% can be obtained under the experimental condition of 30% H2SO4, 80℃, reaction time 4 h, mass ratio of liquid to solid 8, stirring rate 800r/min.

Research Progress of Quality Characteristics and Comprehensive Utilization of Mung Beans

Mung bean is one of the major legume crops in China, and its nutritional quality and processing quality directly affect the development of mung bean processing industry. In order to promote the development of mung bean processing industry, the research progress of mung bean quality characteristics, including physical quality, nutritional quality, medicinal value and the processing quality, were summarized based on literatures both at home and abroad, and the current exploitation status of starch, protein, dietary fiber, resistant starch, flavonoids and superoxide dismutase of mung bean was also reviewed. In order to promote the development of mung bean processing industry, it should strengthen the research on quality characteristics and functional ingredients of mung bean, pay attention to the development of healthy products, improve the processing technology, and cultivate a group of leading mung bean processing companies with strong competence in the market.

Review and prospect of comprehensive straw utilization and government policy in China

The comprehensive use and efficient management of straw are significant for agriculture's green and low carbon transformation.This paper uses literature research and comparative analysis to systematically review the literature on comprehensive straw utilization and governance policy research in China over the past five years.The current literature has explored two major directions:regional and industrial policies and the main actors involved in the comprehensive use of straw.The research is complementary and fruitful concerning both micro and macro perspectives;however,the extant literature suffers from a lack of attention to straw intermediaries and enterprises and a lack of research across time.Therefore,this paper provides an outlook for future research.In the future,scholars should pay more attention to straw intermediaries and enterprises,conduct continuous observations of multiple regions over time to obtain panel data,and further test the heterogeneity of factors to obtain more scientific and valid results.

The New Understanding of Potash Development Scale and the Comprehensive Utilization of Resources in Chaerhan Salt lake

This paper briefly introduces resources characteristics and development advantages for Charhan salt lake;and elaborated the technology progress to increase potassium mining scale systematically,the impact of the

Key Technology Research on the Efficient Exploitation and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources in the Deep Jinchuan Nickel Deposit

To understand the resource features and geology in the deep Jinchuan nickel deposit, difficult geological conditions were systematically analyzed, including high stress, fragmentized ore rock, prevalent deformation, difficult tunnel support, complicated rock mechanics, and low mining recovery. An integrated technology package was built for safe, efficient, and continuous mining in a deep, massive, and complex nickel and cobalt mine. This was done by the invention of a large-area continuous mining method with honeycomb drives; the establishment of ground control theory and a technology package for high-stress and fragmented ore rock： and the development of a new type of backfilling cement material, along with a deep backfilling technology that comprises the pipeline transport of high-density slurry with coarse aggregates. In this way, good solutions to existing problems were found to permit the efficient exploitation and comprehensive utilization of the resources in the deep Jinchuan nickel mine. In addition, a technological demonstration in an underground mine was performed using the cemented undercut-and-fill mining method for stressful, frag- mented, and rheological rock.

Technology of comprehensive disposal and utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW)

The project for treating MSW of 200 tons each day was built in Yibin, Sichuan Province of China. The disposal processes are: separation and selection of usable resources; compost and fermentation of “heavy” organic waste (kitchen, garden composting rubbish); incineration of “light” waste (plastic, paper, wood and bamboo etc.) and landfill of inorganic waste. The thermal energy generated in the process can be used as 1/3 of the whole energy for drying fertilizers. In the process, there is no wastewater drainage, and air emissions can be effectively controlled by a series of measures. The sanitary and environmental indicators of disposal site meet the national standards. This project has worked well for two years. It not only disposes of and reduces the MSW, but also retrieves the resource effectively. The organic fertilizer has been applied in the ten thousand acres of fields, with productivity increase by more than 10%.

AHP Comprehensive Evaluation on Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources in Hengshui City, China

In order to investigate the sustainable utilization of water resources in Hengshui City, quantitative analysis and comprehensive evaluation on 15 indexes of Hengshui City, such as the perspectives of social and economic development condition, water resource condition, environment condition, development and utilization of water resources,were conducted by using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method from 2004 to 2008. Although the sustainable utilization has been growing from 2004 to 2008, the situation and environment of water resources were not optimistic because of the severe water shortage in Hengshui. In the future, improving the supply capacity is the key target for promoting sustainable utilization of water resources.

The Exploitation and Comprehensive Utilization of Magnesium Resources in Salt Lakes of China

The changes of demand and market witnessed the continuous revolution and development in the world magnesium industry.Before the 1950s,the development of magnesium mainly attached to the military industry.

Technological progress on detoxification and comprehensive utilization of chromium containing slag

Chromium salt is an important industrial material, but vast waste slag containing chrome(Ⅵ) is brought out in the process of its production. The slag is seriously harmful to environments and human health. The technologies on detoxification and comprehensive utilization of chromium containing slag were summarized abroad and at home. And various methods were also described for the detoxification mechanism, technology process, and practical application effects in detail. A new concept for detoxification of chromium containing slag, furthermore, was put forward by using microorganism.

Comprehensive evaluation of rural courtyard utilization efficiency:A case study in Shandong Province,Eastern China

China is implementing the strategy of Rural Revitalization.Revitalizing idle and inefficient utilization courtyards is an important measure for rural revitalization.The evaluation of courtyard utilization efficiency is the basis of determining the idle and inefficient utilization courtyards in order to revitalizing it.This study provided a reference for the optimal use of rural courtyard utilization and revitalization through the quantitative comprehensive evaluation of courtyard utilization efficiency and the classification of courtyard utilization types.Taking Shandong Province in Eastern China as study area,we selected eight surveyed villages by stratified sampling method.According to the scale of the villages,full survey and sample survey were used,while middleaged men who familiar with the courtyards were selected as the respondents.Through a household questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews from2017 to 2018,578 questionnaires of rural courtyardsin eight villages were obtained.Then based on the functions of rural courtyard and land resource conditions,16 comprehensive factors were formulated,involving land conditions,construction conditions and economic benefits,to build the comprehensive evaluation index system of rural courtyard utilization efficiency.Next the index weight was determined by analytic hierarchy process,and the linear weighted regression model was used to evaluate the utilization efficiency of rural courtyard.Finally,the K-means clustering analysis was used to classify the utilization efficiency of courtyards.The results showed that among the eight villages,the average utilization efficiency of courtyards was moderate(one village was low,five were moderate,and two were high).The proportions of both idle and inefficiently utilized courtyards were high.There were three vital factors leading to the idle and low efficiency of rural courtyards.They were declining rural industries,limited arable land per capita,and more farmer workers.In this case,the utilization efficiency of courtyards should be improved by transferring rural land,developing secondary and tertiary industries,evaluating the development potential of villages,classifying and optimizing courtyard utilization,so as to make full use of idle and inefficient courtyards,increase the income of farmers and collectives and promote the revitalization of rural areas.

A novel process for comprehensive utilization of vanadium slag

Traditional processes for treating vanadium slag generate a huge volume of solid residue and a large amount of harmful gas,which cause serious environmental problems.In this study,a new process for the comprehensive utilization of vanadium slag was proposed,wherein zeolite A and a V2O5/TiO2 system were synthesized.The structural properties of the as-synthesized zeolite A and the V2O5/TiO2system were characterized using various experimental techniques,including X-ray diffraction,X-ray fluorescence,scanning electron microscopy,and infrared spectroscopy.The results reveal that zeolite A and the V2O5/TiO2 system are successfully obtained with high purity.The results of gas adsorption measurements indicate that the prepared zeolite A exhibits high selectivity for CO2 over N2 and is a candidate material for CO2 capture from flue-gas streams.

Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Saline Lake Groups in Dingbian,Shanxi Province of China

The Dingbian Saline Lake groups are in Dingbian County,northwest of Shaanxi province,and located on the border area of the Loess Plateau and Maowusu Desert in Northern Shanxi.It’s altitude is more than 1300m.The

Comprehensive Techniques for Improving the Utilization Rate of Sows in Large-scale Pig Farms

The main task of sows is to breed piglets. The reproductive performance of sows is different due to different techniques adopted in the production of pig farms, which determines the utilization rate of sows and the number of sows in the pig farms. The article analyzed the reproductive performance of sows from the technical point of view, so that the utilization rate of sows can be paid enough attention in the production of pig farms.It is suggested that the technical training should be strengthened in pig farms to improve the corresponding technical level. Meanwhile, pig farms should make the full use of reproductive performance of sows to obtain the maximum economic benefit.