Practice and analysis of recycling non-drinking water from air-condition and reverse-osmosis system into rainwater collection system

This paper is based on the rainwater collection project in the retrofit of the Dongyi teaching block in Zhejiang University Xixi Campus.The analysis incorporates the local meteorological data, recycling water utilization, and precipitation adjustment.The rainwater collection system in this program also adds the condensation water from the heating, ventilation and air conditioning （ HVAC） system and the concentration from the reverse-osmosis system used for watering greens and supplying waterscapes.By calculating, the quantity of the HVAC condensation water in summer is 3.48 m3/d, and the quantity of the reverse-osmosis concentrated water is 198 to 396 L/d.This method solves the water shortage caused by high evaporation in summer and low precipitation in winter.Supported by empirical monitoring data, the proposed method significantly increases the economic efficiency of the system during the summer period.

Quality Testing of Air Conditioner Condensate and Its Potential in Water Conservation

A major part of world is facing water shortages today. While the world’s population has grown to more than 7.75 billion, the quantity of sweet water has remained the same. The ever increasing use of water by such a large population has resulted in pollution of many water sources. The developing world where a large fraction of total world population is located faces water scarcity in a more severe manner than the developed world. The developed world has managed to control human population and preserve natural water resources more effectively. As a result of this and also due to stabilized population, they face lesser problems for water availability. Indian population stands at 1.386 billion as nowadays. The erratic monsoon rains over last few years have resulted in floods and subsequent water shortages in summer months in major part of the country. A similar situation is faced by many Asian and African countries. The means of recycling and using every possible source of water are always welcome in these countries. Since many of these countries lie in tropical or semitropical zone, the average relative humidity is more than 50% for most of the year. Changing life styles in these countries and spread of information technology based sectors have resulted in a growth spurt in air conditioning facilities. An air conditioner draws heat from surrounding air and cools the premises to desired temperature. During this process, a large amount of moisture in the atmosphere gets condensed and is drained out. There are no efforts made to recover this water in India and neighbouring countries. We have undertaken studies to check the quality of this water and see the feasibility of its use in a decentralized but effective manner. The results show that this water condensate from air conditioners is highly pure, substantial and available almost round the year. This can help in recovering millions of litres of good quality water daily. This water would find uses in industries, laboratories, households and farming. It would also create good business opportunities.

Thermodynamic Simulation of CCP in Air-Cooled Heat Pump Unit with HFCs and CO₂Trans-Critical

The exergy analysis and finite time thermodynamic methods had been employed to analyze the compound condensation process (CCP). It was based on the air-cooling heat pump unit. The cooling capacity of the chiller unit is about 1 kW, and the work refrigerant is R22/R407C/R410A/CO2. The MATLAB/SIMULINK software was employed to build the simulation model. The thermodynamic simulation model is significant for the optimization of parameters of the unit, such as condensation and evaporation temperature and mass flow of the sanitary hot water and size of hot water storage tank. The COP of the CCP of R410A system is about 3% - 5% higher than the CCP of the R22 system, while CCP of the R407C system is a little lower than the CCP of R22 system. And the CCP of CO2 trans-critical system has advantage in the hot supply mode. The simulation method provided a theoretical reference for developing the production of CCP with substitute refrigerant R407C/R410A/CO2.

自然通风湿式冷却塔节水方案的数值研究

为降低自然通风湿式冷却塔的耗水量,本文采用一种可用于回收其蒸发损失的空气冷凝器结构,并通过数值模拟方法对其节水特性展开研究。首先基于空气运动控制方程和水蒸气冷凝模型,建立了用于分析空气冷凝器节水特性的数学模型,其次分析了冷却空气流速、空气冷凝器的结构尺寸和材质等因素对该冷凝器节水特性的影响。研究结果表明:空气冷凝器的单位面积节水量随着冷却空气流速以及冷凝器宽度的增大而增大,但随着冷凝器长度和高度的增大而减小;空气冷凝器的材质和壁厚对其单位面积节水量没有显著影响,空气冷凝器可采用重量轻和成本低的薄壁PVC来加工制造。

打水轮位置在高湿环境下对移动空调性能的影响

移动空调依靠其灵活度高、局部降温能力强的优点,具有广阔的市场前景。为解决其在高湿环境下水满停机的问题,在移动空调冷凝器底部安置了打水轮。研究了打水轮位置在高湿工况下对移动空调整体性能的影响。结果发现:打水轮的安装位置对移动空调的性能有较大的影响,在四种不同位置的打水轮中,越能够将冷凝水打入冷凝器高温区域的打水轮效果越好,移动空调EER越高,冷凝水排除能力最强;随着打水轮的打水效果增强,移动空调的蒸发压力和冷凝压力都随之下降,而制冷量增加。由于其中冷凝压力下降幅度更剧烈,移动空调输入功率减少;同时随着室内空气相对湿度升高,移动空调显热比降低。

Performance and Optimization of Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater with Cyclic Heating

A new type of microchannel condenser applied in the air source heat pump water heater(ASHPWH)with cyclic heating was proposed in this study.The operating performance of the ASHPWH was frst tested.Then,the structure of the microchannel condenser was optimized with the implement of vortex generators.Finally,a numerical model of the ASHPWH was established and the optimized microchannel condenser was studied.The experimental results showed that the average coefficient of performance(COP)of the 1HP(735 W)ASHPWH reached 3.48.In addition,the optimized microchannel condenser could be matched with a 3 HP(2430W)ASHPWH with an average heating capacity of 10.30 kW,and achieving an average COP of 4.24,14.6%higher than the limit value in the national standard.

基于无机纳米封孔材料提高煤层瓦斯抽采率的试验研究

为解决钻孔使用传统材料封孔产生裂隙导致瓦斯抽采率低、钻孔寿命有限的问题,分析了抽采钻孔漏气途径与周围应力分布,确定钻孔漏气的主要部位;通过向硅酸盐无机材料中添加纳米氧化物对其改性,得到一种能够长期保持水分且不凝固、不收缩等特点的无机纳米封孔材料;基于山西竹林山煤业有限公司53032巷道,开展顺层钻孔封孔及后续补浆封孔试验。结果表明:无机纳米封孔材料试验组平均瓦斯抽采浓度整体优于普通封孔水泥对照组,封孔16 d后,试验组平均瓦斯抽采纯量为0.04~0.06 m^(3)/min,而对照组平均瓦斯抽采纯量为0.02~0.04 m^(3)/min,试验组的封孔质量优于对照组钻孔。试验组经过补浆封孔,平均瓦斯抽采浓度提高了20%,补浆封孔可以提高钻孔的封堵质量和瓦斯抽采的平均浓度。

基于结露法制冷循环的空气取水净化装置

本文提出了一种利用半导体制冷片从空气中获取淡水的创新方案:潮湿的空气通过冷凝和过滤等过程,将水分子从空气中提取出来,另外通过增加吸附装置表面积、等优化策略,提高冷凝效率,以提升出水率。最后在实验室制作了样机,并进行了多次测试和优化,结果表明:本空气制水装置在适当的气候条件下具有可行性,并且可以为干旱地区和紧缺水资源地区提供一种可持续的水资源解决方案。

Feasibility of condensate water recycle of split air handling unit in Chinese University buildings

Recycling the condensate water of the air conditioner could be explored as an alternative water source to con-tribute to building the green campus.This paper explored the condensate water production through actual mea-surement based on a split air handling unit(SAHU)in a university building.Then,the statistical analysis was used to analyze the recycling feasibility and the impact factors of the condensate water production in 31 Chinese provincial capital cities to obtain the recycling potential map of the condensate water generated from a SAHU.Results showed that:(1)In the measurement,the amount of condensate water produced by a single split air conditioner was 1.6 kg from 12:40 to 13:40.Therefore,the daily output of condensate water of the air condi-tioner with the university operation schedule could reach 52.99 kg during the main air-conditioning season.(2)Among the 31 provincial capital cities in China,the largest condensate water outputs could be found in the Hot Summer and Warm Winter zone and the Hot Summer and Cold Winter zone,with an average monthly output of 1600 kg and 1100 kg,respectively.(3)Regression analysis showed that the dry-bulb temperature and dew point temperature of outdoor air had the highest positive and significant influence on condensate water production.The objective of this study is to provide theoretical guidance for the design and energy conservation evaluation of the feasibility of SAHU condensate water recycling in universities.

某组合式空调机组风管滴水原因及解决方案

以某商场组合式空调机组风管滴水的工程为例,通过勘验其冷水管、冷凝水排水量、冷凝水管坡度、冷凝水管布置以及风管连接情况,确定了该系统冷凝水排水不畅为风管滴水的主要原因,而根本原因在于冷凝水管因施工工期紧、交错施工导致的坡度不达标问题。最终提出了针对本例较为经济的解决方案。施工前期应用BIM技术可有效避免出现管线坡度不达标甚至管线碰撞的问题。

城市客车铝合金风道水蒸气凝聚的CFD仿真方法

建立水蒸气凝聚的仿真流程,并基于CFD软件进行某城市客车铝合金风道的共轭温度场仿真,同时评估铝箔隔热棉对城市客车铝合金风道盖板水蒸气凝聚的影响。

一款改进的家用热回收空调热力性能实验研究

为提高家用空调器利用率并节能减排,通过改进得到一款具有制冷、供暖、全天候供热水和冷凝热回收制取热水四种功能的热回收空调器。热力性能实验结果表明,改进后的热回收空调器各模式运行可靠,节能效果显著。

水轮发电机冷却器过量冷凝水产生原因分析与处理

从水轮发电机组运行数据入手,结合结露产生原理,对比水电站和水轮发电机组设计相关资料,分析了水电站水轮发电机空气冷却器过量冷凝水产生的原因,并提出了处理方案,取得了较好的效果,可为水电站处理类似问题提供借鉴。

船用空调冷凝水在厕所冲洗系统的应用

为减少资源浪费,降低运营成本,对空调冷凝水的形成和处理方法进行介绍,并对船用空调冷凝水的收集和利用方案进行分析。研究表明:将船用空调冷凝水用于厕所冲洗系统,能够节省淡水资源、减轻船舶海水淡化的负担,有效提升船舶航行期间的自持力。研究成果可为船用空调冷凝水在厕所冲洗系统的应用提供一定参考。

空气取水技术的研究进展

综述了空气取水的基本研究现状,对可用于空气取水的固体吸附剂、液体吸收剂、复合吸湿材料以及新型吸湿技术等各类吸湿材料的研究现状和发展趋势进行了详细的讨论,并对冷却结露式取水方法与吸湿/解吸式取水方法的能源利用方式进行了讨论和比较。在此基础上,对采用吸湿/解吸方法同时合理利用太阳能和余热来取水的研究前景进行了展望。

沙漠甲虫Stenocara与空气取水

空气取水是解决淡水匮乏的有效方法之一,但较低取水率限制了其广泛应用。结合英国生物学家Andrew发现的沙漠甲虫Stenocara利用其特殊背部表面从空气中获取饮用水的现象,通过分析现有空气取水技术,指出了制作Stenocara甲虫背部仿生表面以应用在空气取水中,有可能在提高空气取水的取水率方面提供新的思路,这也有望成为今后大型化、人工空气取水的基础。

低温省煤器与暖风器联合系统应用

介绍了低温省煤器与暖风器联合系统的概况及设计特点与优势,该联合系统是利用低温省煤器来加热凝结水,低温省煤器出口一部分凝结水加热暖风器,将空气预热器入口风温提高至70℃,另一部分凝结水排挤汽轮机抽汽增加汽轮机做功能力,实现节能。同时,对某300MW机组分别采用传统低温省煤器和低温省煤器与暖风器联合系统的节能效果进行了计算比较。结果表明:联合系统相比于纯低温省煤器系统多节煤约0.97g/(kW·h),节煤量主要来源于替代原有暖风器的耗汽量而产生的收益;随负荷降低,系统节煤能力减弱。

房间空调器冷凝水的利用与节能

针对目前空调器冷凝水大多未加利用的情况 ,定量分析了不同气候条件下空调器冷凝水生成量及节能效果 。

家用空调冷凝水节能利用探讨

家用空调的冷凝水量可观,且含有一定冷量,但现实中常被直接排放掉,污染环境、浪费资源。实例计算了冷凝水生成量,蒸发量和冷凝水冷却冷凝器换热的强化作用以及节能效果,并设计了一种新型冷凝水回收装置。最后,指出冷凝水利用冷量冷却冷凝器,节能效果显著。

工作水进口温度对水环式真空泵及凝汽器性能影响的试验

通过试验得出国产300 MW机组配套的水环式真空泵(简称水环泵)的工作水进口温度、漏入真空负压系统的空气流量与凝汽器性能、水环泵抽吸空气流量的相互变化关系。研究表明,在漏入空气流量不变的情况下,工作水进口温度对水环泵抽气流量起决定性的作用,降低工作水进口温度能有效改善夏季高温季节水环泵抽气能力下降、机组运行真空偏低的问题。该方法对提高其它形式抽气设备的抽气能力也具有借鉴意义。