Chemo-selective couplings of anilines and acroleins/enones under substrate control and condition control

Rh(III)‐catalyzed C–H activation of N‐protected anilines and chemo‐divergent couplings with acroleins/enones have been realized for synthesis of three classes of heterocycles.The oxidative coupling of N‐pyridylaniline afforded dihydroquinolones with the acrolein being a major hydrogen acceptor.When the directing group was replaced by pyrimidyl in the same system,redox‐neutral coupling occurred to afford hemiaminal ethers.Oxidative annulation of N‐pyridylanilines with enones using AgBF4 oxidant afforded atropisomeric quinolinium salts.

From the new Austrian tunneling method to the geoengineering condition evaluation and dynamic controlling method

The new Austrian tunneling method （NATM） is widely applied in design and construction of underground engineering projects. When the type and distribution of unfavorable geological bodies （UGBs） associated with their influences on geoengineering are complicated or unfortunately are overlooked, we should pay more attentions to internal features of rocks grades IV and V （even in local but mostly controlling zones）. With increasing attentions to the characteristics, mechanism and influences of engineering construction-triggered geohazards, it is crucial to fully understand the disturbance of these geohazards on project construction. A reasonable determination method in construction procedure, i.e. the shape of working face, the type of engineering support and the choice of feasible procedure, should be considered in order to mitigate the construction-triggered geohazards. Due to their high sensitivity to groundwater and in-situ stress, various UGBs exhibit hysteretic nature and failure modes. To give a complete understanding on the internal causes, the emphasis on advanced comprehensive geological forecasting and overall reinforcement treatment is therefore of more practical significance. Compre- hensive evaluation of influential factors, identification of UGB, and measures of discontinuity dynamic controlling comprises the geoengineering condition evaluation and dynamic controlling method. In a case of a cut slope, the variations of UGBs and the impacts of key environmental factors are presented, where more severe construction-triggered geohazards emerged in construction stage than those predicted in design and field investigation stages. As a result, the weight ratios of different influential factors with respect to field investigation, design and construction are obtained.

DISPLACEMENT CONTROL AND KINETIC ANALYSIS OF A NOVEL VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSOR FOR AUTOMOTIVE AIR CONDITIONER

A novel variable displacement compressor (VDC) for automotive air conditioner (AAC) is introduced, which inherits the advantages of common wobble plate type VDC. It has fewer parts and makes less noise, and instead of pneumatic valve the displacement is controlled by electronic control valve. In order to know the control mechanism well and get a good control effect, a mathematical model for the variable displacement mechanism is developed according to the geometrical and kinematical information of the compressor. Using the model, the effect of relevant parameters on variable displace control is estimated. It is helpful to make the optimum decision in the flow control of AAC. As the novel displacement control device, the structure and control rule of electronic control valve is introduced. It can get better effect than the conventional pneumatic valves. And by using this new electronic control device, the optimum systemic control of AAC is available.

基于RPC的同相供电系统供电运行能量多维控制研究

为确保高速铁路安全、可靠、经济运行,提出高速铁路同相供电系统供电运行能量多维控制方法。分析供电系统组成结构与供电过程,利用潮流控制器补偿该系统功率,确保系统稳定运行;结合三相不平衡程度、电压电流波形畸变等指标构建运行能量的最佳负载模型,使传输能量损失降到最低;经过对2个供电臂电流的有功与无功补偿,消除负序电流;制定铁路功率调节器控制策略,获得降压变压器变化情况,保障直流侧电压稳定;再使用比例积分控制器获取电流理想值,得出控制信号,实现供电运行能量多维控制。仿真实验证明,所提多维控制方法能提高三相电流平衡程度,达到均压稳定效果。

纺纱空调系统运行仿真及机器学习辅助调控

针对纺纱车间采用传统的PID控制车间温湿度不稳定问题,采用机器学习的BP神经网络对后台历史数据进行监督学习,并建立空调设备自控参数的专家库。当PID调控产生温湿度较大波动时采用信息库建立好的空调控制参数直接介入辅助控制。基于热量平衡、湿量平衡以及风量平衡开发了纺纱空调仿真系统,并分析了风机、水泵、二回风窗、新风窗对于车间温湿度控制的影响。为验证辅助调控的效果,将BP神经网络预测的空调控制参数介入车间温湿度控制,并与传统PID控制车间的温湿度进行了对比。结果表明:采用BP神经网络辅助调控空调系统的参数,车间温湿度稳定性优于传统PID控制。认为:机器学习辅助调控纺纱空调系统可达到稳定控制温湿度的目的。

面向新型电力负荷管理的混杂负荷集群协同管控

针对新型电力负荷管理中负荷协同控制问题,提出了面向新型电力负荷管理的混杂集群协同管控方法。以空调和电热水器混杂负荷集群为控制对象,分析了空调和电热水器负荷的物理和响应特性,分别建立了适用于空调和电热水器的聚合控制模型。基于空调和电热水器负荷的聚合响应特性,利用电热水器负荷和空调负荷响应特性上的优势和互补特性,构建了空调集群和电热水器集群的协同管控模型,控制大量负荷输出稳定响应。最后,设置不同的清洁能源发电场景,基于上述算法对清洁能源出力进行跟踪仿真,结果表明所提负荷集群协同算法在不同场景下的跟踪误差都控制在±0.04%之内,验证了该算法的有效性。

电动车空调内外循环风门模糊控制研究

电动车空调内外循环风门控制对乘客舱防雾、空气清新度、空调能耗等多个方面有重要影响,但是内外循环风门控制难以建立精确的数学模型。文章采用模糊控制方法,将起雾风险、CO_(2)浓度、空调负荷作为输入,将内外循环风门开度作为输出,采用高斯型函数,利用MATLAB Simulink软件建立模糊控制器,并基于Simscape软件搭建汽车空调仿真模型。经过仿真验证,内外循环风门模糊控制方法可以在乘客舱防雾、空气清新度、空调能耗等多方面都有很好的控制效果,相比固定比例外循环控制,模糊控制综合评分最高,综合性能表现最好。

变频空调控制器参数损耗模型的最低损耗寻优算法分析

随着变频空调能效标准的提高,能效升级越来越被重视。变频控制器作为变频空调的重要组成部件,降低其损耗是提高空调能效的有效方法之一。为达到在不变更硬件的基础上降低变频控制器损耗的目的,理论分析了电子元器件和控制器参数的损耗模型,并通过模型分析,提出了梯度下降动态迭代寻优算法,得到最优效率控制器参数。最终通过实验验证:应用该算法后,控制器损耗降低了1.40%,空调全年能源消耗效率(Annual Performance Factor,APF)提升了0.02。

基于舒适节能控制的分体式空调建模与仿真

分体式空调在住宅和办公室应用非常广泛,耗费电能数量巨大。然而绝大部分空调并不具备最佳运行策略,在运行过程中存在着很大的电能浪费问题,因此采用合适的空调控制策略使空调运行在既节能又舒适的状态上就显得尤为重要。于是着眼于保障舒适性并降低房间空调器的能耗,首先分析空调运行状态,建立房间环境模型和分体式空调运行模型,然后通过按需启停和适当调整空调温度设定值等方法对空调进行控制,最后对仿真结果进行分析得出使室内环境维持舒适且节能的基于规则的最优运行控制策略。

水蓄冷空调系统运行策略的分析

我国空调系统用电量占比越来越大,空调节能降耗成为建筑节能的重要研究方向。水蓄冷技术是空调节能的重要技术之一。介绍水蓄冷空调系统的特点和工作原理,提出基于复杂工况的建筑负荷预测和控制方法,实现蓄冷设备对能源的灵活消耗和存储。根据建筑空调在不同蓄冷率下的环控策略分析可知,通过合理优化运行策略,水蓄冷空调系统具有良好的投资经济性。

CO_(2)变频空调系统软件设计研究

二氧化碳变频空调综合了二氧化碳环保理念与变频空调节能实用性两方面优点,通过理论与实践相结合的方法探究CO_(2)变频空调控制方法,总结出CO_(2)变频空调的压缩机转速控制逻辑与电子膨胀阀控制逻辑,同时对系统做出必要的3种保护。最后通过软件设计对二氧化碳变频空调的功能予以实现得出验证,在一定环境温度下系统最终进入稳定状态,且不同环境温度下系统都可以满足温度控制要求。

一种基于储能型铁路功率调节器的再生制动能量控制策略研究

针对某长大坡道线路牵引负荷实测数据,首先分析了牵引负荷具有峰值功率高、波动性强、工况之间交替频繁且再生制动能量丰富的特点,并且基于储能型铁路功率调节器,提出一种再生制动能量控制策略。然后通过MATLAB/Simulink搭建仿真模型,根据仿真结果分析系统各工况下的能量转移特性,验证该能量控制策略的可行性,在储能系统削峰填谷的同时,对牵引供电系统出现的功率因数低、三相不平衡等电能质量问题也起到治理的效果,具有良好的应用前景和经济价值。

生物质灰土壤调理剂对烟草青枯病的防控效果

为考察生物质灰土壤调理剂与微生物菌剂配施对烟草青枯病的防治效果,开展了田间小区试验。试验以不施土壤调理剂和微生物菌剂的处理为对照,土壤调理剂施用量设150、200、300 kg/亩(1亩=667 m^(2))等3个水平,测定了不同处理的土壤理化性状、烟草农艺性状、烟草青枯病发病率等指标。结果表明,生物质灰土壤调理剂施用量为300 kg/亩的效果最好,处理前后土壤pH由5.30提高至6.30,不同生育时期的烟草株高、有效叶片数、平均叶面积和叶面积系数均优于其他处理的,青枯病发病率由对照处理的45.6%降至7.4%。生物质灰土壤调理剂与微生物菌剂配施可以降低青枯病的发病率,促进烟株生长。

缓控释肥与土壤调理剂配施对香蕉生长及土壤性质的影响

为了研究缓控释肥与土壤调理剂配施在香蕉上的施用效果,以常规施肥(纯N 600 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)300 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 900 kg/hm^(2))为对照,开展了田间试验(各处理氮、磷、钾养分等量施用),比较了缓控释肥与土壤调理剂配施对香蕉农艺性状、产量、品质和土壤性质的影响。结果表明,缓控释肥与土壤调理剂配施可以改善香蕉农艺性状,提高香蕉产量(比常规施肥增产3.6%~10.5%)和品质,在降低土壤容重以及提高土壤pH值、土壤有效磷含量、阳离子交换量方面效果明显。综合试验结果可知,缓控释肥2(30-6-15)和土壤调理剂3(CaO≥20%,MgO≥3%,SiO_(2)≥6%,pH值9)配施在香蕉上施用效果最好。

城轨车辆直流辅助供电变频空调综合电源与控制方案研究

现有城轨车辆的辅助供电以工频交流系统为主,其输出的AC380V交流电为变频空调等设备供电,且空调电气控制未与辅助电源设备统一考虑、协同设计,造成系统电源重复变换,供电效率不高。文章在分析现有辅助供电技术和变频空调电气控制技术的基础上,采用近年逐步展开研究的中高频变流技术、变频空调综合电源与控制技术,提出一种采用直流架构的辅助供电系统及变频空调的综合电源与控制方案,首先详细阐述2种系统架构设计思路、综合电源装置的电气组成和控制方案,其次分析其在提高供电效率、减少部件数量、增强空调协同控制、提高乘车环境舒适性等方面的优势,同时指出方案的技术难点,最后对所述方案的技术和功能提升进行展望。

Dynamic Control of Defective Gap Mode Through Defect Location

A one dimensional model is developed for defective gap mode（DGM）with two types of boundary conditions：conducting mesh and conducting sleeve.For a periodically modulated system without defect,the normalized width of spectral gaps equals to the modulation factor,which is consistent with previous studies.For a periodic system with local defects introduced by the boundary conditions,it shows that the conducting-mesh-induced DGM is always well confined by spectral gaps while the conducting-sleeve-induced DGM is not.The defect location can be a useful tool to dynamically control the frequency and spatial periodicity of DGM inside spectral gaps.This controllability can be potentially applied to the interaction between gap eigenmodes and energetic particles in fusion plasmas,and optical microcavities and waveguides in photonic crystals.

基于五桥臂MMC-UPQC的复合模型预测控制研究

针对模块化多电平统一电能质量调节器(modular multilevel unified power quality conditioner, MMC-UPQC)六桥臂结构下的单相桥臂故障问题,提出了一种五桥臂拓扑,这种新型拓扑可实现故障情况下的电能质量补偿。首先,对MMC-UPQC串并联侧的数学模型进行分析,提出了一种复合模型预测控制(hybrid model predictive control,H-MPC),所提控制方法结合了有限集模型预测控制(finite-control-set model predictive control, FCS-MPC)以及快速模型预测控制(fast model predictive control, F-MPC)。然后,通过构建两侧独立的价值函数减少了控制方法的计算量,同时也实现了五桥臂解耦控制。最后,相比传统线性(例如PI)和非线性(例如无源控制passivity-based control,PBC)的控制策略,所提复合模型预测控制在电压补偿、负序电压抑制以及谐波电流补偿等方面具有一定优势,并在一定程度上避免了复杂的参数整定及坐标变化环节。仿真实验结果证明了所提控制方法的可行性和优越性。

华南地区高速公路红黏土边坡土壤改良研究

针对华南地区高速公路红黏土边坡抗冲刷性差、水土流失严重、植物种子易流失等问题,通过正交试验,对基于W-OH的土壤改良方法和基于人造壤土的土壤改良方法进行分析,得到最优基材配比。提出两种改良方法的设计方案,并在惠清高速公路TJ5标现场应用,结果表明:两种土壤改良技术,均能有效提高红黏土边坡的土壤养分、根土复合体力学性能和抗蚀性。

Analysis of Meteorological Epidemic Factors and Soil Improvement Controlling Technology of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacarum)

[Objective] The paper was to analyze the meteorological epidemic factors for occurrence and prevalence of tobacco bacterial wilt （ Ralstonia solanaca- rum）, and to study control effects of different soil conditioners on the bacterial disease in Gacligongshan demonstration area of green, ecological, high quality tobac- co leaf production. [Method] The plots attacked by tobacco bacterial wilt over the years were selected and the incidence of the disease was periodically surveyed in tobacco growth period in 2012, 2103 and 2014, respectively. 10 d Effective accumulated temperature and rainfall were counted according to the meteorological data, and the relationship between meteorological factors and disease index was analyzed. The control effects of three kinds of soil conditioners ＂Zhuanggenfeng＂, refined fulvic acid and lime on tobacco bacterial wilt were tested. [ Result] The analysis results of meteorological factors showed that 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall were positively correlated to disease index. The variation curve of 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall reflected the change trend of disease index. The pH values were increased by 0.57, 0.50 and 0.72 respectively after applying ＂Zhuanggenfeng＂, refined fulvic acid and lime. The aver- age control effects on tobacco bacterial wilt were 60.74% -62. 18%, 53.05% -59.53%, and 48.59% -58.53%, respectively. [ Conclusion] 10 d Effective accumulated temperature and rainfall could be used as important reference for disease forecasting and controUing. The usage of soil conditioner has a certain preven- tion and control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt disease by forming soil conditions conducive to flue-cured tobacco growth but adverse to disease survival, which is an effective auxiliary method against the disease.

Intelligent Controller for UPQC Using Combined Neural Network

The Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) plays an important role in the constrained delivery of electrical power from the source to an isolated pool of load or from a source to the grid. The proposed system can compensate voltage sag/swell, reactive power compensation and harmonics in the linear and nonlinear loads. In this work, the off line drained data from conventional fuzzy logic controller. A novel control system with a Combined Neural Network (CNN) is used instead of the traditionally four fuzzy logic controllers. The performance of combined neural network controller compared with Proportional Integral (PI) controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The system performance is also verified experimentally.