Analysis on Agricultural Meteorological Condition of Osmanthus Blooming

Osmanthus, an ornamental plants, is favored by people, and forecast of Osmanthus florescence is of vital significance for enjoying the sight. Based on 15 years of flowering observation data, analysis was made on agricultural meteorologi- cal conditions of Osmanthus in Guilin and the results showed that ground tempera- ture, humidity, precipitation, sunshine have significant effects on Osmanthus flores- cence. In forecasting florescence, therefore, it is necessary to take comprehensive consideration of weather conditions and changes in the future, to release Osman- thus flowering forecast as per method of combination of long-term forecasting and short-term forecast.

Axisymmetric Powell-Eyring fluid flow with convective boundary condition: optimal analysis

The effects of axisymmetric flow of a Powell-Eyring fluid over an impermeable radially stretching surface are presented. Characteristics of the heat transfer process are analyzed with a more realistic condition named the convective boundary condition. Governing equations for the flow problem are derived by the boundary layer approximations. The modeled highly coupled partial differential system is converted into a system of ordinary differential equations with acceptable similarity transformations. The convergent series solutions for the resulting system are constructed and analyzed. Optimal values are obtained and presented in a numerical form using an optimal homotopy analysis method （OHAM）. The rheological characteristics of different parameters of the velocity and temperature profiles are presented graphically. Tabular variations of the skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number are also calculated. It is observed that the temperature distribution shows opposite behavior for Prandtl and Biot numbers. Furthermore, the rate of heating/cooling is higher for both the Prandtl and Biot numbers.

The Analysis on Comparison of Forming Condition with Abroad Palaeo-Epicontinental Marine Basin and Possibility of Potash Formation in North China

1 Introduction Currently,all six different continents have discovered potash deposits and potash-bearing salt lake saline water.However,the distribution is extremely uneven,which is mostly concentrated in Canada,Russia,Middle-Asia and

Implementation of a drainage information, analysis and management system

An integrated drainage information, analysis and management system （DIAMS） was developed and implemented for the New Jersey Department of Transportation （N/DOT）. The purpose of the DIAMS is to provide a useful tool for managers to evaluate drainage infrastructure, to facilitate the determination of the present costs of preserving those in- frastructures, and to make decisions regarding the optimal use of their infrastructure budgets. The impetus for DIAMS is the culvert information management system （CIMS）, which is developed to manage the data for culvert pipes. DIAMS maintains and summa- rizes accumulated inspection data for all types of drainage infrastructure assets, including pipes, inlet/outlet structures, outfalls and manufactured treatment devices. DIAMS capa- bilities include identifying drainage infrastructure, maintaining inspection history, map- ping locations, predicting service life based on the current condition states, and assessing present asset value. It also includes unit cost values of 72 standard items to estimate the current cost for new assets with the ability to adjust for future inflation. In addition, DIAMS contains several different repair, rehabilitation and replacement options to remedy the drainage infrastructure. DIAMS can analyze asset information and determine decisions to inspect, rehabilitate, replace or do nothing at the project and network levels by comparing costs with risks and failures. Costs may be optimized to meet annual maintenance budget allocations by pfioritizing drainage infrastructure needing inspection, cleaning and repair. DIAMS functional modules include vendor data uploading, asset identification, system administration and financial analysis. Among the significant performance feature of DIAMS is its proactive nature, which affords decision makers the means of conducting a comprehensive financial analysis to determine the optimal proactive schedule for the proper maintenance actions and to prioritize them accordingly. Benefits of DIAMS include long-term savings that accrue by adopting optimized preventive maintenance strategies and facilitating compliance with Governmental Accounting Standards Board （GASB） and federal storm water regulations.

A Simplified Model, Dynamic Analysis and Force Estimation for a Large-scale Orinthopter in Forward Flight Based on Flight Data

Similarities and differences of a large-scale flapping-wing robot with fixed-wing UAVs in equations of motion,trim curves,and aerodynamic forces in forward flight are discussed in this paper and a simplified model for flapping flight is presented.Due to the high Wing to Total Weight(WTW)ratio of large-scale omithopters,simple rigid body dynamics is not accurate enough for flight dynamics modeling.On the other hand,the multi-body dynamics associated with flapping gives little insight into the behavior of the resulting model due to complexity of equations.It is also difficult to design proper controllers for such complicated models.In this paper,the effects of different terms of multi-body equations of ornithopter on the estimated aerodynamic forces are studied via experimental flight data.A simpler but yet accurate set of equations is obtained by removing less effective terms from original relations.The presented model is in the form of normal aircraft equations plus some additional terms which can be used in different control and estimation processes.In addition,trim conditions of forward flight are extracted using several flight tests,and corresponding periodic behavior of states and forces are studied.These studies are applicable for identifying time-periodic models.

ADRC in output and error form:connection,equivalence,performance

In this work,we investigate two specific linear ADRC structures,namely output-and error-based.The former is considered a“standard”version of ADRC,a title obtained primarily thanks to its simplicity and effectiveness,which have spurred its adoption across multiple industries.The latter is found to be especially appealing to practitioners as its feedback error-driven structure bares similarities to conventional control solutions,like PI and PID.In this paper,we describe newly found connections between the two considered ADRC structures,which allowed us to formally establish conditions for their equivalence.Furthermore,the conducted comprehensive performance comparison between output-and error-based ADRCs has facilitated the identification of specific modules within them,which can now be conveniently used as building blocks,thus aiding the control designers in customizing ADRC-based solutions and making them most suitable for their applications.

Multiaxial fatigue life prediction of composite materials

In order to analyze the stress and strain fields in the fibers and the matrix in composite materials,a fiber-scale unit cell model is established and the corresponding periodical boundary conditions are introduced.Assuming matrix cracking as the failure mode of composite materials,an energy-based fatigue damage parameter and a multiaxial fatigue life prediction method are established.This method only needs the material properties of the fibers and the matrix to be known.After the relationship between the fatigue damage parameter and the fatigue life under any arbitrary test condition is established,the multiaxial fatigue life under any other load condition can be predicted.The proposed method has been verified using two different kinds of load forms.One is unidirectional laminates subjected to cyclic off-axis loading,and the other is filament wound composites subjected to cyclic tension-torsion loading.The fatigue lives predicted using the proposed model are in good agreements with the experimental results for both kinds of load forms.

"Weather" transit is reliable? Using AVL data to explore tram performance in Melbourne,Australia

This paper uses automatic vehicle location （AVL） records to investigate the effect of weather conditions on the travel time reliability of on-road rail transit, through a case study of the Melbourne streetcar （tram） network. The datasets available were an extensive historica; AVL dataset as well as weather observations. The sample size used in the analysis included all trips made over a period of five years （2006-2010 inclusive）, during the morning peak （7 am-9 am） for fifteen randomly selected radial tram routes, all traveling to the Melbourne CBD create a linear model Ordinary least square （OLS） regression analysis was conducted to with tram travel time being the dependent variable. An alternative formulation of the model is also compared. Travel time was regressed on various weather effects including precipitation, air temperature, sea level pressure and wind speed; as well as indicator variables for weekends, public holidays and route numbers to investigate a correlation between weather condition and the on-time performance of the trams. The results indicate that only precipitation and air temperature are significant in their effect on tram travel time. The model demonstrates that on average, an additional millimeter of precipitation during the peak period adversely affects the average travel time during that period by approximately 8 s, that is, rainfall tends to increase the travel time. The effect of air temperature is less intuitive, with the model indicating that trams adhere more closely to schedule when the temperature is different in absolute terms to the mean operating conditions （taken as 15 ℃）.

Effect of speed hump characteristics on pavement condition

Speed humps are the most common type of traffic calming devices due to their low cost and easy installation. However, in many Egyptian roads, considerable number of these humps is randomly placed without proper engineering studies and justifications. Deteri- oration of pavement condition is observed near these humps. This paper presents a case study applied to collect and analyze visual inspection data for the reason of evaluating the impact of speed humps on pavement condition on intercity rural roads. The paper used 52 speed humps located in an intercity two-lane, two-way road that connects two cities, Tahta and Gerga, in Upper Egypt. The total length of this road is about 34 km. Pavement condition index （PCI）, in road sections, near speed humps in the two directions of travel were calculated from the visual inspection measurements. The characteristics of each speed hump （width, height, and distance from preceding hump） were measured. Using statistical analyses, the correlations between the pavement conditions and hump char- acteristics were examined. Regression analysis models were developed to represent the relationships between pavement conditions and hump characteristics. Generally, the re- sults proved that the pavement conditions are greatly influenced by the presence of speed humps and hump characteristics.