A Solvent-Free Covalent Organic Framework Single-Ion Conductor Based on Ion-Dipole Interaction for All-Solid-State Lithium Organic Batteries

Single-ion conductors based on covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have garnered attention as a potential alternative to currently prevalent inorganic ion conductors owing to their structural uniqueness and chemical versatility.However,the sluggish Li+conduction has hindered their practical applications.Here,we present a class of solvent-free COF single-ion conductors(Li-COF@P)based on weak ion-dipole interaction as opposed to traditional strong ion-ion interaction.The ion(Li+from the COF)-dipole(oxygen from poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate embedded in the COF pores)interaction in the Li-COF@P promotes ion dissociation and Li+migration via directional ionic channels.Driven by this single-ion transport behavior,the Li-COF@P enables reversible Li plating/stripping on Li-metal electrodes and stable cycling performance(88.3%after 2000 cycles)in organic batteries(Li metal anode||5,5’-dimethyl-2,2’-bis-p-benzoquinone(Me2BBQ)cathode)under ambient operating conditions,highlighting the electrochemical viability of the Li-COF@P for all-solid-state organic batteries.

Critical current degradation in an epoxy-impregnated rare-earth Ba_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-x)coated conductor caused by damage during a quench

High-temperature superconducting(HTS)rare-earth Ba_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-x)(REBCO)coated conductors(CCs)have significant potential in high-current and high-field applications.However,owing to the weak interface strength of the laminated composite REBCO CCs,the damage induced by the thermal mismatch stress under a combination of epoxy impregnation,cooling,and quenching can cause premature degradation of the critical current.In this study,a three-dimensional(3D)electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical model based on the H-formulation and cohesive zone model(CZM)is developed to study the critical current degradation characteristics in an epoxy-impregnated REBCO CC caused by the damage during a quench.The temperature variation,critical current degradation of the REBCO CC,and its degradation onset temperature calculated by the numerical model are in agreement with the experimental data taken from the literature.The delamination of the REBCO CC predicted by the numerical model is consistent with the experimental result.The numerical results also indicate that the shear stress is the main contributor to the damage propagation inside the REBCO CC.The premature degradation of the critical current during a quench is closely related to the interface shear strength inside the REBCO CC.Finally,the effects of the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)of the epoxy resin,thickness of the substrate,and substrate material on the critical current degradation characteristics of the epoxy-impregnated REBCO CC during a quench are also discussed.These results help us understand the relationship between the current-carrying degradation and damage in the HTS applications.

Numerical Analyses of Ice Jamming in Jacket Platform Conductor Array in Bohai Sea

Serious ice accumulating,pile-up and ice jamming occur around the conductor array of offshore jacket platforms during the winter every year in Bohai Sea,which could cause grave threats to the stability of platform structure,the safety of people and equipment,and even severer calamity.Therefore,the process of ice accumulation and ice jamming in the jacket platform area needs more concern.This study focuses on ice accumulation and jamming behaviors in the jacket platform conductor area by using a coupled two-dimensional hydro-ice dynamics model.A series of cases are conducted with different flow conditions,such as flow velocity,drifting direction and oscillatory flow.Through the simulation,the ice pile-up process is described and changes in ice-jamming thickness,ice pile-up location and ice pile-up volume are investigated.The differences in ice pile-up in the steady flow and oscillatory flow are analyzed.This study proposes a new approach to simulate the ice jamming process in the jacket platform conductor area,providing a reference for ice management on the platform.

Study on Load Bearing Characteristics of Novel Expandable Deepwater Drilling Conductor Based on Laboratory Experiment and Field Test

A novel expandable conductor was designed and applied in deep-water drilling to improve the vertical and lateral bearing capacity with a significant reduction of conductor jetting depth and soaking time. The vertical and lateral bearing capability of expandable conductors was depicted based on the ultimate subgrade reaction method and pile foundation bearing theory. The load-bearing characteristics of a laboratory-scale expandable conductor were analyzed through laboratory experiments. The serial simulation experiments are accomplished to study the bearing characteristics(vertical ultimate bearing capacity, lateral soil pressure, and lateral displacement) during the conductor soaking process. The laboratory experimental results show that the larger the length and thickness of expandable materials are,the higher the bearing capacity of the wellhead will be. During the conductor soaking process, the soil pressure around the three expandable conductors increases faster, strings representing a stronger squeezing effect and resulting in higher vertical bearing capacity. Furthermore, the lateral displacement of novel expandable conductor is smaller than that of the conventional conductor. All the advantages mentioned above contributed to the reduction of conductor’s jetting depth and soaking time. Lastly, the application workflow of a novel expandable deep-water drilling conductor was established and the autonomous expandable conductor was successfully applied in the South China Sea with a significant reduction of conductor’s jetting depth and soaking time. According to the soil properties and designed installation depth of the surface conductor, the arrangement of expandable materials should be designed reasonably to meet the safety condition and reduce the construction cost of the subsea wellhead.

Simulation analysis on microscopic discharge characteristics of the bipolar corona of a floating conductor

A floating conductor exhibits a bipolar corona phenomenon with microscopic discharge characteristics that are still unclear.In this study,a plasma simulation model of the bipolar corona with 108 chemical reaction equations is established by combining hydrodynamics and plasma chemical reactions.The evolution characteristics of electrons,positive ions,negative ions and neutral particles,as well as the distribution characteristics of space charges are analyzed,and the evolutionary flow of microscopic particles is summarized.The results indicate that the positive end of the bipolar corona initiates discharge before the negative end,but the plasma chemistry at the negative end is more vigorous.The electron generation rate can reach 1240 mol(m^(3) s)^(-1),and the dissipation rate can reach 34 mol(m^(3) s)^(-1).The positive ion swarm is dominated by O_(4)^(+),and the maximum generation rate can reach 440 mol((m^(3) s)^(-1).The negative ion swarm is mainly O_(2) and O_(4).The O_(2) content is approximately 1.5-3 times that of O_(4),and the maximum reaction rate can reach 51 mol(m^(3) s)^(-1).The final destination of neutral particles is an accumulation in the form of O_(3) and NO,and the amount of O3 produced is approximately 4-6 times that of NO.The positive end of the bipolar corona is dominated by positive space charges,which continue to develop and spread outwards in the form of a pulse wave.The negative end exhibits a space charge distribution structure of concentrated positive charges and diffused negative charges.The validity of the microscopic simulation analysis is verified by the macroscopic discharge phenomenon.

Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Turbulence Intensity on Iced Conductors Gallop Phenomena

Turbulence is expected to play a relevant role in the so-called conductor gallop phenomena,namely,the high-amplitude,low-frequency oscillation of overhead power lines due to the formation of ice structures and the ensu-ing effect that wind can have on these.In this work,the galloping time history of a wire with distorted(fixed in time)shape due to the formation of ice is analyzed numerically in the frame of afluid-solid coupling method for different wind speeds and levels of turbulence.The results show that the turbulence intensity has a moderate effect on the increase of the conductor’s aerodynamic lift and drag coefficients due to ice accretion;nevertheless,the corresponding changes in the torsion coefficient are very significant and complicated.A high turbulence intensity can affect the torsion coefficient in a certain range of attack angles and increase the torsion angle of the conductor.Through comparison of the galloping phenomena for different wind velocities,it is found that the related amplitude grows significantly with an increase of the wind speed.For a relatively large wind speed,the galloping amplitude is more sensitive to the turbulence intensity.Moreover,the larger the turbulence intensity,the larger the conductor’s vertical and horizontal galloping amplitudes after icing.The torsion angle also increases with an increase in the wind speed and turbulence intensity.

Research on Breeze Vibration Law and Modal Identification Method of Conductor Considering Anti-Vibration Hammer Damage

In the harsh environment,the structural health of the anti-vibration hammer,which suffers from the coupled effects of corrosion and fatigue damage,is significantly reduced.As part of the conductor structure,the anti-vibration hammer is rigidly attached to the conductor,effectively suppressing conductor vibration.The conductor’s breeze vibration law and natural modal frequency are altered damage to the anti-vibration hammer structure.Through built a vibration experiment platform to simulate multiple faults such as anti-vibration hammer head drop off and position slippage,which to obtained the vibration acceleration signal of the conductor.The acceleration vibration signal is processed and analyzed in the time and frequency domains.The results are used to derive the breeze vibration law of the conductor under multiple faults and propose an anti-vibration hammer damage online monitoring technology.The results show that the vibration acceleration value and vibration intensity of the conductor are significantly increased after the anti-vibration hammer damage.The natural frequency increases for each order,with an absolute change ranging from 0.15 to 6.49 Hz.The anti-vibration hammer slipped due to a loose connection,the 1st natural frequency increases from 8.18 to 16.62 Hz.Therefore,in engineering applications,there can be no contact to determine the anti-vibration hammer damage situation by monitoring the modal natural frequency of the conductor.This is even a tiny damage that cannot be seen.This method will prevent the further expansion of the damage that can cause accidents.

The Mechanism of Cube Texture Formation in Ni-7 at%W Substrate

In order to obtain the sharp cube texture,a new process,the intermediate annealing rolling technique,has been introduced to prepare the Ni7W substrate.In this paper,a cubic texture content up to 98.5%within 10°of the standard cubic orientation is obtained in the final substrate and the influence of this improved rolling technique on the cube texture formation has been discussed.The results show that the increased cube texture in the Ni7W substrate is caused by the optimized deformation texture and the increased nucleated fraction of the cube grains.

Lithium Ion Transport Environment by Molecular Vibrations in Ion-Conducting Glasses

Controlling Li ion transport in glasses at atomic and molecular levels is key to realizing all-solid-state batteries,a promising technology for electric vehicles.In this context,Li_(3)PS_(4)glass,a promising solid electrolyte candidate,exhibits dynamic coupling between the Li^(+)cation mobility and the PS_(4)^(3-)anion libration,which is commonly referred to as the paddlewheel effect.In addition,it exhibits a concerted cation diffusion effect(i.e.,a cation-cation interaction),which is regarded as the essence of high Li ion transport.However,the correlation between the Li^(+)ions within the glass structure can only be vaguely determined,due to the limited experimental information that can be obtained.Here,this study reports that the Li ions present in glasses can be classified by evaluating their valence oscillations via Bader analysis to topologically analyze the chemical bonds.It is found that three types of Li ions are present in Li_(3)PS_(4)glass,and that the more mobile Li ions(i.e.,the Li3-type ions)exhibit a characteristic correlation at relatively long distances of 4.0-5.0A.Furthermore,reverse Monte Carlo simulations combined with deep learning potentials that reproduce X-ray,neutron,and electron diffraction pair distribution functions showed an increase in the number of Li3-type ions for partially crystallized glass structures with improved Li ion transport properties.Our results show order within the disorder of the Li ion distribution in the glass by a topological analysis of their valences.Thus,considering the molecular vibrations in the glass during the evaluation of the Li ion valences is expected to lead to the development of new solid electrolytes.

A new review of single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes in the light of ion transport mechanisms

With the depletion of fossil fuels and the demand for high-performance energy storage devices,solidstate lithium metal batteries have received widespread attention due to their high energy density and safety advantages.Among them,the earliest developed organic solid-state polymer electrolyte has a promising future due to its advantages such as good mechanical flexibility,but its poor ion transport performance dramatically limits its performance improvement.Therefore,single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes(SICPEs)with high lithium-ion transport number,capable of improving the concentration polarization and inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites,have been proposed,which provide a new direction for the further development of high-performance organic polymer electrolytes.In view of this,lithium ions transport mechanisms and design principles in SICPEs are summarized and discussed in this paper.The modification principles currently used can be categorized into the following three types:enhancement of lithium salt anion-polymer interactions,weakening of lithium salt anion-cation interactions,and modulation of lithium ion-polymer interactions.In addition,the advances in single-ion conductors of conventional and novel polymer electrolytes are summarized,and several typical highperformance single-ion conductors are enumerated and analyzed in what way they improve ionic conductivity,lithium ions mobility,and the ability to inhibit lithium dendrites.Finally,the advantages and design methodology of SICPEs are summarized again and the future directions are outlined.

Electrifying Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ) for focalized heating in oxygen transport membranes

Industry decarbonization requires the development of highly efficient and flexible technologies relying on renewable energy resources,especially biomass and solar/wind electricity.In the case of pure oxygen production,oxygen transport membranes(OTMs)appear as an alternative technology for the cryogenic distillation of air,the industrially-established process of producing oxygen.Moreover,OTMs could provide oxygen from different sources(air,water,CO_(2),etc.),and they are more flexible in adapting to current processes,producing oxygen at 700^(-1)000℃.Furthermore,OTMs can be integrated into catalytic membrane reactors,providing new pathways for different processes.The first part of this study was focused on electrification on a traditional OTM material(Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)),imposing different electric currents/voltages along a capillary membrane.Thanks to the emerging Joule effect,the membrane-surface temperature and the associated O_(2) permeation flux could be adjusted.Here,the OTM is electrically and locally heated and reaches 900℃on the surface,whereas the surrounding of the membrane was maintained at 650℃.The O_(2)permeation flux reached for the electrified membranes was~3.7 NmL min^(-1)cm^(-2),corresponding to the flux obtained with an OTM non-electrified at 900℃.The influence of depositing a porous Ce_(0.8)Tb_(0.2)O_(2-δ) catalytic/protective layer on the outer membrane surface revealed that lower surface temperatures(830℃)were detected at the same imposed electric power.Finally,the electrification concept was demonstrated in a catalytic membrane reactor(CMR)where the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane(ODHE)was carried out.ODHE reaction is very sensitive to temperature,and here,we demonstrate an improvement of the ethylene yield by reaching moderate temperatures in the reaction chamber while the O_(2) injection into the reaction can be easily fine-tuned.

Correlation between hydration properties and electrochemical performances on Ln cation size effect in layered perovskite for protonic ceramic fuel cells

PrBa_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(1.5)Fe_(0.5)O_(5+δ)(PrBSCF) has attracted much research interest as a potential triple ionic and electronic conductor(TIEC) electrode for protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs). The chemical formula for Pr BSCF is AA'B_(2)O_(5+δ), with Pr(A-site) and Ba/Sr(A'-site) alternately stacked along the c-axis. Due to these structural features, the bulk oxygen ion diffusivity is significantly enhanced through the disorder-free channels in the PrO layer;thus, the A site cations(lanthanide ions) play a pivotal role in determining the overall electrochemical properties of layered perovskites. Consequently, previous research has predominantly focused on the electrical properties and oxygen bulk/surface kinetics of Ln cation effects,whereas the hydration properties for PCFC systems remain unidentified. Here, we thoroughly examined the proton uptake behavior and thermodynamic parameters for the hydration reaction to conclusively determine the changes in the electrochemical performances depending on LnBa_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(1.5)Fe_(0.5)O_(5+δ)(LnBSCF,Ln=Pr, Nd, and Gd) cathodes. At 500 ℃, the quantitative proton concentration of PrBSCF was 2.04 mol% and progressively decreased as the Ln cation size decreased. Similarly, the Gibbs free energy indicated that less energy was required for the formation of protonic defects in the order of Pr BSCF < Nd BSCF < Gd BSCF. To elucidate the close relationship between hydration properties and electrochemical performances in LnBSCF cathodes, PCFC single cell measurements and analysis of the distribution of relaxation time were further investigated.

Superconducting joints using reacted multifilament MgB_(2)wires:A technology toward cryogen-free MRI magnets

The development of superconducting joining technology for reacted magnesium diboride(MgB_(2))conductors remains a critical challenge for the advancement of cryogen-free MgB_(2)-based magnets for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Herein,the fabrication of superconducting joints using reacted carbon-doped multifilament MgB_(2)wires for MRI magnets is reported.To achieve successful superconducting joints,the powder-in-mold method was employed,which involved tuning the filament protection mechanism,the powder compaction pressure,and the heat treatment condition.The fabricated joints demonstrated clear superconducting-to-normal transitions in self-field,with effective magnetic field screening up to 0.5 T at 20 K.To evaluate the interface between one of the MgB_(2)filaments and the MgB_(2)bulk within the joint,serial sectioning was conducted for the first time in this type of superconducting joint.The serial sectioning revealed space formation at the interface,potentially caused by the volume shrinkage associated with the MgB_(2)formation or the combined effect of the volume shrinkage and the different thermal expansion coefficients of the MgB_(2)bulk,the filament,the mold,and the sealing material.These findings are expected to be pivotal in developing MgB_(2)superconducting joining technology for MRI magnet applications through interface engineering.

CULTURE

Li Biao&Novosibirsk Philharmonic Orchestra Date:January 3,2024 Venue:National Center for the Performing Arts Li Biao is one of the few artists in the world of classical music who is successful both as a conductor and a performer.In 2020,he took up the positions of the artistic director and permanent principal conductor of the Beijing Symphony Orchestra and principal conductor of the Tianjin Symphony Orchestra.Set up in 1956,the Novosibirsk Philharmonic Orchestra has become a cultural treasure of not only the city of Novosibirsk and the Siberian region,but the whole of Russia.

1750 MW核电汽轮发电机转子导电杆装配密封结构漏气问题的分析及处理

针对1750 M W核电汽轮发电机转子导电杆装配密封结构漏气问题,分析并确定密封泄漏的根本原因为:导电杆装配密封结构设计中金属与非金属部件热膨胀系数不匹配,在温度变化时的膨胀或收缩程度不同,从而导致密封结构出现泄漏路径。通过计算分析及机组运行期间的查漏情况,评估导电杆装配密封结构漏气量对机组整体气密和运行的影响,制定机组运行监测措施,确保机组安全稳定运行。

A Top Level Bundle Conductors Laboratory Built in China

This paper introduces the key laboratory on bundle conductors for high voltage overhead lines built byElectric Power Construction Research Institute under the State Power Corporation of China. It consists of 4 sub-laboratories, namely the Aeolian Vibration Lab, Spacer Vibration Lab, Conductor Fatigue Lab and Conductor CreepageLab. The paper introduces also laboratory’s facilities, functions and some experimental results.[

Heat Resisting Mechanism of Heat-Resisting Aluminum Alloy Conductor and Its Application in Transmission Line

In this paper the heat withstanding mechanism of heat-resisting aluminum alloy conductor is discussed, the types and performance of the conductor and its application on transmission lines are analyzed and introduced, and suggestions on accelerating exploitation and application of the conductor are put forward.

Investigation on Preparation and Anti-icing Performance of Superhydrophobic Surface on Aluminum Conductor

Aluminum is widely used in transmission lines, and the accumulation of ice on aluminum conductor may inflict serious damage such as tower collapse and power failure. In this study, super-hydrophobic surface （SHS） on alurninurn conductor with rnicro-nanostructure was fabricated using the preferential etching principle of crystal defects. The surface rnicrostructure and wettability were investigated by scanning electron microscope and contact angle measurement, respectively. The icing progress was observed with a self-made icing experiment platform at different environment temperature. The results showed that, due to jumping and rolling down of coalesced droplets from SHS of aluminum conductor at low temperature, the formation of icing on SHS could be delayed. Dynamic icing experiment indicated that SHS on aluminum conductor could restrain the formation of icing in certain temperature range, but could not exert influence on the accumulation of icing. This study offers new insight into understanding the anti-icing performance of actual aluminum conductor.

Conductive Mechanism of Organic Conductor

Organic conductor is a kind of organic compound which has special electronic and magnetic properties. The research of the organic compounds has received considerable attention because of their potential applications in many areas. The molecular conductive units are theoretically investigated as well as their energy gap and charge distribution. The relationship of conductivity and micro mechanism is discussed.

Investigation of La_(9.33)Si_6O_(26) Oxygen Ionic Conductor

La9.335i6O26 oxygen ionic conductor was synthesized by solid state reaction method. Its structure was deter- mined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis at room temperature. The results showed that La9.33Si6O26 oxide has the apatite structure with space group P63/m. AC impedance measurements indicated that the oxides sintered in nitrogen have much higher conductivity than those sintered in air. The effects of grain boundaries on the conductivity were discussed.