In situ observation of the dissolution kinetics of Al_(2)O_(3) particles in CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2) slags using laser confocal scanning microscopy

The dissolution kinetics of Al_(2)O_(3) in CaO-Al_(2)O_(3) SiOslags was studied using a high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscope at 1773 to 1873 K.The results show that the controlling step during the Al_(2)O_(3) dissolution was the diffusionin molten slag.It was found that the dissolution curves of Al_(2)O_(3) particles were hardly agreed with the traditional boundary layer diffusion model with the increase of the CaO/Al_(2)O_(3) ratio of slag.A modified diffusion equation considering slag viscosity was developed to study the dissolution mechanism of Al_(2)O_(3) in slag.Diffusion coefficients of Al_(2)O_(3) in slag were calculated as 2.8×10to 4.1×10m~2/s at the temperature of 1773-1873 K.The dissolution rate of Al_(2)O_(3) increased with higher temperature,CaO/Al_(2)O_(3),and particle size.A new model was shown to be v_(Al_(2)O_(3))=0.16×r_(0)^(1.58)×x^(3.52)×(T-T_(mp))^(1.11)to predict the dissolution rate and the total dissolution time of Al_(2)O_(3) inclusions with various sizes,where vAl_(2)O_(3) is the dissolution rate of Al_(2)O_(3) in volume,μm^(3)/s;x is the value of CaO/Al_(2)O_(3) mass ratio;R_(0) is the initial radius of Al_(2)O_(3),μm;T is the temperature,K;T_(mp) is the melting point of slag,K.

Solidification process of conventional superalloy by confocal scanning laser microscope

The solidification process of a conventional superalloy, IN718, was investigated by confocal scanning laser microscope （CSLM）. The liquid fraction during solidification was obtained as a function of real time and temperature in reference with the in-situ observation. The characteristics of L→γ transformation were analyzed and the γ growing rate of each stage was also calculated. Scheil equation was employed to predict the segregation behavior, and the predict results are in consistence with the experimental results. As a result, the confocal scanning laser microscope shows a great potential for solidification process research.

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope Evaluation of Early Bacterial Colonization on Zirconium Oxide and Titanium Surfaces:An in vivo Study

To investigate the bacterial colonization on zirconium oxide and titanium surfaces in vivo quantitatively using a confocal laser scanning microscope （CLSM）. Ten samples of zirconium oxide ceramic and commercially pure titanium were fabricated and polished using silicon carbide abrasive paper. One sample from each group was evaluated topographic pattern under a scanning electron microscope. One sample from each group was to evaluate roughness using a profilometer. Eight volunteers were selected. The samples were cemented at the buccal surfaces of upper first molars. All samples were removed after 48 hours, immersed in SYTO-9 and propidium iodide fluorescent to stain for adherent bacteria and obseIved with CLSM. Fewer bacteria were observed in zirconia group than titanium group. However, there was no statistical difference between two groups. The experimental results demonstrate that zirconium oxide may be considered as a promising material for dental implant abutments.

Quantum Dots as Fluorescent Labels for Detection of Heat Shock Protein in Tumor Tissue Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope

A new Quantum Dots（Qdots） nanocrystal composed of semiconductor core and zinc sulfide shell, and its feasibility as labels in immunofluorescence analysis for the imaging of tumor biomarkers by laser scanning confocal microscope（LSCM） was investigated. Qdots taged by mercaptoacetic acid were conjugated with second antibody, then imaging differences of Heat Shock Proteins 70（HSP70） in renal carcinoma tissure sections with immunofluorescence analysis method using Qdots bioconjugates and conventional organic dye FITC were observed by LSCM to assess the brightness and opticalstability of Qdots. The experimental results showed Qdots bioconjugates achieved the better results in demonstrating HSP70 with more brighter color and more clear picture than FITC labels. Moreover, the label signals of Qdots did not fade clearly after continued exposure to a 488 nm laser for 1 h. The Qdots bioconjugates have good feasibility in immunofluorescence analysis for the bioimaging by LSCM.

Qualitative analysis of re mineralized carious lesions subjected to fluoride supplement through confocal laser scanning microscope

Aim: 1] Comparative evaluation of the linear depth of induced remineralized lesions after subjecting to fluoride supplements and 2] To assess the average fluorescence at both the demineralized and the remi-neralized zones in all the three study groups under confocal laser scanning microscope. Method: Forty five sound human premolars extracted for orthodon-tic reasons were decoronated 1 mm below the ce-mento-enamel junction and coated with nail varnish except for a 3 × 3 mm window on the buccal surface. The samples were placed in 50 ml of de mineralizing solution at pH 4.6 for 96 hours. Following deminera-lization, the lower half of the 3 × 3 mm window in all the samples were covered with nail varnish to serve as control. The samples were randomly divided into three groups of fifteen teeth each (n = 15) and speci-mens in group A[Nfd] were remineralized using non-fluoridated dentifrice [control], those in groups B [Fd5] and group C [Fd10] using 500 ppm and 1000 ppm of fluoride containing dentifrice, respectively. The specimens were subjected to a 20 day reminera-lization treatment regimen and were sectioned into 100 μm thick sections and two images were captured on the buccal surface from either side of the midpoint of occluso-cervical length using confocal laser scan-ning microscope [CLSM]. Results: were tabulated and statistically analyzed by Anova. Study concluded that 1000 ppm fluoridated dentifrice showed a greater degree of remineralization than other groups and confocal laser scanning microscopes gives promising results in the diagnosis of early enamel lesions over the conventional methods.

Using laser confocal scanning microscope to study ischemia-hypoxia injury in rat brain slice

The level of lipid peroxidation and cellular necrosis in rat living brain slices during brain ischemia-hypoxia injury have been observed using a laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM) with double labeling of fluorescent probes D-399 (2, 7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate) and propidium iodide (Pl). The hypoxia and/or reoxygenation injury in rat brain slices is markedly decreased by pretreatment with L-NG-nitro-arginine (L-NNA) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), showing that the nitric oxide (NO) and other free radicals play an important role in brain ischemia-hypoxia injury.

枯草芽孢杆菌无细胞上清液抑制单增李斯特菌生物被膜形成的研究

单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)是一种常见的食源性致病菌,其生物被膜是导致食品污染和疾病传播的重要原因。该研究选用枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)无细胞上清液(cell free supernatant,CFS)作为抑制剂,探究B.subtilis CFS在抑制L.monocytogenes野生菌株118(以下简称No.118)生物被膜方面的作用和潜力。首先测定了B.subtilis CFS的最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC),接着采用结晶紫染色法测定了不同亚最小抑菌浓度下B.subtilis CFS对No.118的生物被膜抑制率,发现不同亚抑菌浓度下的CFS对No.118生物被膜均具有显著的抑制作用,且在1/64 MIC时生物被膜抑制率仍可达到47%;同时B.subtilis CFS对No.118生物被膜代谢活性、自聚集率、表面疏水性、群集泳动能力和膜外聚合物分泌也均有显著抑制作用;最后,通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察了在CFS作用下,No.118生物被膜结构和细胞分布的变化规律,经CFS处理后,No.118生物被膜结构松散,细菌数量明显减少。综上,B.subtilis CFS可通过影响No.118生物被膜细胞的代谢活性、自聚集能力和群集泳动能力以及膜外聚合物的分泌来抑制其生物被膜形成,对探究益生菌代谢产物作为生物被膜抑制剂方面的应用具有重要的参考价值。

Dispersion of particles in the coatings characterized by laser scanning confocal micrscopy(LSCM) I:Vertical dispersion of particles in the coatings and the weathering property studied by orthogonal analysis method of LSCM

Two kinds of TiO2 filled epoxy coatings were designed and prepared to obtain pigments with different dispersion degrees of TiO2 particles.Laser scanning confocal microscope（LSCM）was used to investigate both the horizontal and vertical distributions of TiO2 particles in the coatings.The results indicated that TiO2 in the two samples shared considerable similarity in horizental dispersion,but exhibited great difference in vertical dispersion.TiO2 showed uniform vertical distribution in disp coating,wheras a gap about 1.1μm was found in the non-disp coating,which significantly influenced the surface optical properties of the coatings during weathering.Based on the confocal data,the model of dispersion of pigments in the coatings was proposed and the change of surface properties during weathering was predicted:the surface optical properties showed an initial decrease followed by a subsequent increase,which was in good agreement with the weathering data.

吐哈盆地及二连盆地侏罗系煤微类脂组分的共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）研究及油气意义

吐哈盆地产出有比较丰富的侏罗系煤成油气田，本文用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜和热解分析等手段研究了煤中类脂组及微类脂组的类型、含量、分布与煤成烃性能和产出的关系。观察分析结果表明：在一般煤岩组分观测中主要含煤的西山窑组和八道湾组煤层类脂组含量很少超过１０％，但是一些煤样的热解分析中Ｓ＿１可高达５－２３ｍｇ／ｇ，Ｓ＿２可达１５０─２００ｍｇ／ｇ，ＨＩ（烃／有机碳）可高达１５０─３５０ｍｇ／ｇ生烃、含烃性能较好。进一步用共聚焦激光显微镜观测结果表明：本区一些薄层状、条带状煤层的基质镜质体和叶结构镜质体中微类脂组含量比较丰富，微区定量统计含量在３％─１８％左右。这种富含微类脂组的基质镜质体和结构镜质体在煤成油气中有重要意义，而且由于多数微类脂体在煤中常成点线状、似层状、充填状、网络状分布，可能有利于煤成油气的运移和聚集。

激光共聚焦显微镜应用于本科生的实验教学设计

激光共聚焦显微镜等大型仪器的实验教学是实现“新工科”建设的重要推动力,然而目前针对本科生的大型仪器教学却未得到有效普及。通过选取适合于本科生实践操作的微生物荧光染色观察实验以及基于“雨课堂”进行线上线下教学,发挥激光共聚焦显微镜可视化强的特点,激发本科生的求知欲望和探索热情,增强学生的主观能动性,促进以教师为主导向以学生为中心的教学模式转变。实践教学表明,易于操作、可视化强的实验方案有助于学生理解和掌握激光共聚焦显微镜相关的基础知识和未来应用,拓宽学生的知识面和科研视野,提高本科生的实践创新能力。

CLSM观察大鼠局灶性脑缺血半暗区小胶质细胞的变化及意义

目的探讨用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope,CLSM)观察局灶性大鼠脑缺血半暗区小胶质细胞的变化及其意义。方法采用改良线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注模型。动物随机分为假手术组(S组)、模型组(M组)。M组又分为再灌注6h、24h、48h、72h、7d组5小组,共6小组。在制作MCAO模型时和制作后的12h经尾静脉各注射一次罗丹明6G(Rhod6G)。各组动物麻醉清醒后及处死前均给予神经行为学评分。每组大鼠随机1只用于TTC染色观察脑梗死灶,6只测脑组织丙二醛(MDA)含量与含水量,6只用于凝集素荧光(FITC-ILB4)组化染色激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope,CLSM)观察浸润的单核细胞及半暗区小胶质细胞(microglia MG)形态及数量等的变化情况。结果 M组出现不同程度的神经行为学评分异常;TTC染色示M组出现白色梗死灶;M组MDA含量较S组均有升高(P<0.01),M72h组明显高于M6h、M24h和M7d组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);与S组比较,M组脑含水量在6h时即明显升高,72h时达到高峰(P<0.01),7d时两组大鼠的脑含水量基本恢复正常,与S组相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。CLSM观察M6h组半暗区周围出现ILB4阳性(ILB4+)细胞即分枝状小胶质细胞(Rhod6G-)和浸润的单核细胞(Rhod6G+),48h明显增多形态向阿米巴样转变,72h达到高峰,主要为脑源性小胶质细胞增生,形态以阿米巴样为主,7d下降;M组MDA含量与半暗区ILB4+细胞数量呈正相关(r=0.631,P<0.01)。结论急性缺血/再灌注脑损伤的发生可能与半暗区小胶质细胞的过度活化有关。

应用CLSM对自体表皮移植治疗白癜风的疗效观察

目的应用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM)观察自体表皮移植治疗白癜风后的黑素细胞恢复状况。方法采用CLSM对白癜风皮损进行检测,选择镜下显示黑素细胞完全消失的皮损进行自体表皮移植,移植后1、3、6个月动态观察黑素细胞恢复状况。结果 20例白癜风患者中,28块皮损进行了自体表皮移植,临床总成活率为96.43%,移植后CLSM成像显示黑素细胞完全恢复率为82.14%。结论 CLSM检测可作为白癜风自体表皮移植治疗适应证的选择方法,也可作为移植治疗后连续动态观察黑素细胞恢复状况的可靠手段。

尼康共聚焦显微镜使用的大数据分析

激光共聚焦显微镜是目前最精密的光学成像仪器,是生命领域重要的研究工具。兰州大学生命科学研究实验中心的尼康共聚焦显微镜两年多时间工作了1万多小时,获取了大量的观测数据。对使用记录的分析表明,仪器在每天上午9点到晚上22点处于饱和工作状态,只有在寒假期间有所降低,说明了全天候开放使用的必要性。观测结果分析得到了很多有价值的信息,例如,488 nm和561 nm激光器使用率都超过了三分之一,单激光和双激光观测占比分别是72%和24%,高灵敏检测通道使用率接近90%等。综合这些信息,可以为共聚焦显微镜的管理和培训提供科学的依据。

利用CLSM检测GFP基因在家蚕的瞬时表达

将绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因导入家蚕蛹（G0）的睾丸，利用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜（CLSM）系统检测，得到GFP基因在家蚕刚孵出未进食的幼虫(蚁蚕)（G1）瞬时表达的荧光图像。

激光共聚焦显微镜荧光漂白后恢复实验的制样优化

利用激光共聚焦显微镜进行荧光漂白后恢复(FRAP)实验为研究分子的流动性提供了新的手段。然而,在拟南芥根毛细胞中进行荧光漂白后恢复实验时,由于拍摄时长的影响经常会导致样品脱离原来的焦平面,从而无法获得可靠的数据。以拟南芥根尖为材料,通过实验比较激光共聚焦显微镜下的常规制片、指甲油封片以及甘油制片,结果表明,利用指甲油封片能更好地解决样品离焦问题,可以获取有效的实验数据。

3月龄大鼠不同大动脉光镜和CLSM观察及定量分析

采取常规石蜡切片和 HE染色法制成切片标本 ,在光镜和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜 ( CLSM)下测量升主动脉、胸主动脉、腹主动脉和股动脉段的管壁中膜厚度、管腔面积、管壁中膜面积、弹性膜层数和弹性膜荧光强度等 .结果表明了由升主动脉至股动脉呈现血管壁中膜变薄、管腔缩小、弹性膜荧光强度降低等变化规律 .

CLSM对乳癌细胞荧光特性的研究

本文报道了用共焦激光扫描显微镜（ＣＬＳＭ）对乳癌细胞及与其作为对照的乳腺囊性增生症早期恶变细胞和乳腺增生细胞自发荧光的观察结果。结果发现在单色激光激发下，细胞浆内自发荧光的强度与细胞的癌变程度成正相关，即乳癌细胞胞浆内荧光最强，囊性增生症早期恶变细胞胞浆次之，而乳腺增生症细胞胞浆无荧光。这一荧光特性可为肿瘤早期诊断提供重要依据。

Cr含量对1000 MPa级高强钢熔敷金属组织演变的作用机制

设计开发了5种不同Cr含量的1000 MPa级高强钢埋弧焊材,采用丝极埋弧焊制备了Cr含量为0%~0.9%的熔敷金属,利用OM、SEM、TEM和CLSM等微观组织表征方法研究Cr含量对1000 MPa级高强钢熔敷金属组织演变的影响,并通过拉伸和冲击试验评估其力学性能.结果表明,1000 MPa级高强钢熔敷金属随着Cr含量提高,铁素体转变起始温度由723.3℃提高到740.2℃,贝氏体转变起始温度由470.2℃降低到458.5℃,铁素体转变温度区间扩大,高Cr熔敷金属中贝氏体转变速率较快,熔敷金属中针状铁素体和贝氏体铁素体增加,M-A组元由弥散分布逐渐呈链条状偏聚,先共析铁素体与残余奥氏体减少.熔敷金属冲击断裂形式由低Cr的韧性断裂向高Cr的准解理断裂转变,熔敷金属拉伸强度不断提高,相比于无Cr的熔敷金属,0.9%Cr的熔敷金属抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高12.4%和17.0%,熔敷金属冲击吸收能量先提高后降低,在−40℃条件下,0.6%Cr的熔敷金属的低温韧性最高为84 J,熔敷金属Cr含量为0.6%时强韧性匹配效果最佳.

CLMS观察iRoot BP Plus对根尖倒充填封闭效果的体外研究

目的:观察iRoot BP Plus作为根尖倒充填材料封闭根尖的效果。方法:选取上下颌单直根管离体牙60颗,Reciproc blue机用单支镍钛锉预备根管,热牙胶连续波技术充填根管,超声工作尖对离体牙根尖区行倒预备。将离体牙随机分为三组,分别以iRoot BP Plus、MTA、3MZ350树脂行倒充填。体式激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察倒充填后材料及牙体组织的颜色变化率。上述标本再次随机分为两个亚组,分别浸泡于2%亚甲基蓝溶液和1 g/L罗丹明B荧光染料中,48 h后分别在光学显微镜、扫描电镜和激光共聚焦显微镜下测量染料线性渗漏长度;测量材料与牙本质间的微间隙宽度,观察不同倒充填材料与根管壁间的微观结合形态;计算分析根尖区微渗漏荧光染色面积。通过定性和定量的方法研究不同倒充填材料对根尖封闭性能的影响。结果:iRoot BP Plus组倒充填后未发生明显颜色改变,美观性优于MTA组(P<0.05),但与树脂组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。iRoot BP Plus组染料渗漏长度较MTA组短(P<0.05),和MTA组染料渗漏长度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组微间隙宽度比较,iRoot BP Plus组<MTA组<树脂组(P<0.05)。三组微渗漏荧光染色面积比较,iRoot BP Plus组<MTA组<树脂组(P<0.05)。结论:iRoot BP Plus具有良好的根尖封闭性、密合性和美观性。

CLSM检测局灶性脑缺血NF-κB的转录活性

目的:探讨共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(confocal laser scanning microscope,CLSM)结合荧光双标技术检测局灶性脑缺血nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)转录活性的方法。方法:线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉缺血2h再灌注模型,给予clasto-lactacystinβ-lactone抑制NF-κB的转录激活,制作石蜡切片,利用CLSM结合Fluorescein-isothiocyanate(FITC)标记NF-κB p65亚基和Propidium Iodide(PI)标记细胞核的荧光双标技术对NF-κB进行定位和定量分析。结果:脑缺血再灌注后,NF-κB激活,CLSM显示细胞核中出现代表NF-κB的绿色荧光,NF-κB的转录活性被抑制后,细胞核中的绿色荧光减少,细胞核区绿色荧光与细胞浆区绿色荧光的比值减少。结论:CLSM结合荧光双标技术是定位、定量分析NF-κB转录活性的良好方法。