Key technology for construction of connection between steel pylonand concrete pile cap of middle pylon of Taizhou Bridge

Taizhou Bridge is a suspension bridge with three pylons and two 1 080 m main spans. The middle pylon is a steel frame with longitudinal herringbone shape and lateral gate shape. The connection between steel pylon and concrete pile cap is a key part to transfer the huge inner force from the pylon to the foundation. Its construction quality is a critical factor to the overall structural loading of the whole bridge ; therefore the contact ratio between the bearing steel plate of pylon and concrete pile cap is required to be over 75 %. The inclined joint surface in two directions, longitudinally at 39/1 920 and laterally at 1/4, posted a challenge to the construction work. A procedure test was carried out to find an optimal construction method by comparison, and finally the post-injection method was selected as it can meet the requirement of concrete strength and contact ratio at the connection. The successful application of the post-injection method in Taizhou Bridge can nrovide an examnle and reference for similar nroiects in the future.

Effect of pile-cap connection on behavior of torsionally loaded pile groups

To evaluate the responses of fixed and pinned pile groups under torsion, a method is presented to analyze the nonlinear behavior of free-standing pile groups with rigid pile caps. The method is capable of simulating the nonlinear soil response in the near field usingp-y and r-θ curves, the far-field interactions through Mindlin＇s and Randolph＇s elastic solutions, and the coupling effect of lateral resistance on torsional resistance of the individual piles using an empirical factor. Based on comparisons of the solutions for fixed- and pinned-head, 1×2, 2×2, and 3×3 pile groups subjected to torsion, it was found that pile-cap connection significantly influences the torsional capacity of pile groups and the assignment of applied torques in the pile groups. In this study, the applied torques for the pinned-head pile groups are only 44%-64% of those for the corresponding fixed-head pile groups at a twist angle of 2^o. Such a difference is mainly due to the change of the lateral resistances of individual piles in the groups.

Effects of riverbed scour on seismic performance of high-rise pile cap foundation

To explore the seismic performance of a high-rise pile cap foundation with riverbed scour, a finite element model for foundations is introduced in the OpenSees finite element framework. In the model, a fiber element is used to simulate the pile shaft, a nonlinear p-y element is used to simulate the soil-pile interaction, and the p-factor method is used to reflect the group effects. A global and local scour model is proposed, in which two parameters, the scour depth of the same row of piles and the difference in the scour depth of the upstream pile and the downstream pile, are included to study the influence of scour on the foundation. Several elasto-plastic static pushover analyses are performed on this finite element model. The analysis results indicate that the seismic capacity （or supply） of the foundation is in the worst condition when the predicted deepest global scout depth is reached, and the capacity becomes larger when the local scour depth is below the predicted deepest global scout depth. Therefore, to evaluate the seismic capacity of a foundation, only the predicted deepest global scout depth should be considered. The method used in this paper can be also applied to foundations with other soil types.

Experimental study on load bearing behavior of large-scaled caps with pile groups

The objective of this investigation was to study the behavior of deep pile caps and the ultimate load-carrying capacity. Four 1/10 scaled models of nine-pile caps were cast and tested on vertical loads to failure. The destruction shapes of pile caps,the correlation between load and displacement,and the internal stresses were analyzed systematically. The results demonstrated that the failures of all the four models are resulted from punching shear; the internal flow of the forces in nine-pile caps can be approximated by "strut-and-tie" model. Furthermore,the failure loads of these specimens were predicted by some of the present design methods and the calculated results were compared with the experimental loads. The comparative results also indicated that the "strut-and-tie" model is a more reasonable design method for deep pile caps design.

Seismic behavior of batter pile groups embedded in liquefiable soil

A comparative study of the seismic performance of 2×1 pile groups considering different degrees of batter(0°for vertical,10°and 20°)embedded in single homogeneous liquefiable sand through fully coupled three-dimensional dynamic analyses is presented.The effects of inertial interaction are considered with structures having two different periods.The performance of pile groups is investigated for the fixed and pinned pile to cap connections for both floating and end bearing types of pile groups.Slenderness ratios of piles were also varied to enable a comprehensive understanding.Investigations have been carried out for three earthquake motions having varied dominant frequencies.It is observed that batter pile groups in liquefiable soils provide beneficial effects on piles and superstructure responses for both fixed and pinned head pile to cap connections for long period structures.However,for short period structures,a beneficial effect is most evident for fixed head connection.

Improvement of Technological Solutions for Sheet Piling Walls Made of U-Shape Piles

As it is evident from the practice of construction and maintenance of thin retaining walls, the degree of developing of frictional forces in interlock connections of steel sheet U-shape piles essentially influences the realization of the values of geometric characteristics of the piles cross-section （the moment of inertia and the section modulus） reduced to the length unit of the construction. The article offers new and simple solutions for realization and economically effective technological approaches to provide joint work of the sheet piles being considered, which improve the adequacy of design and reliability of maintenance of thin retaining walls.

黄土地基中能量桩群桩承载变形性状模型试验

基于室内缩尺试验研究了含能量桩群桩在4次冷热循环过程中的桩身热力学特性及桩基承载变形特性变化规律,分析冷热循环对桩土温度、承台沉降、桩顶荷载及桩身摩阻力的影响。试验结果表明:冷热循环过程中能量桩较浅位置处桩身及桩侧土温度始终高于较深处,热循环过程中能量桩的传热效率高于冷循环过程。冷热循环会使承台顶面的工作荷载及群桩中各基桩的桩顶荷载发生往复变化,相应地引起承台发生往复倾斜,热循环引起的承台倾斜稍大于冷循环。热循环引起的能量桩桩身上部摩阻力为负,下部为正,冷循环时则相反。

水流作用下桩基局部水沙动力特征数值模拟

基于VOF方法追踪水气界面,利用不可压缩流体连续方程和运动方程对流体进行描述,通过嵌套网格技术建立三维数值水槽,湍流采用RNG k–ε模型,泥沙运动基于Van Rijn方法。基于验证后的数值水槽模型,开展水流作用下高桩承台结构局部水动力和冲刷规律研究,讨论不同来流条件下桩基桩周流场分布、泥沙输运和床面局部冲刷特征。结果表明,桩基冲刷特征受冲刷时间、流速、水位、水流攻角等来流条件的影响,同时也受桩间距的影响。当流速较小时,高桩承台桩基各桩之间相互作用较小,泥沙冲淤形态彼此独立,与单桩冲刷特征相似。流速较大时,前桩对后桩出现较为明显的遮蔽作用,前桩水流涡旋影响后桩,后桩周围流速明显降低,此时泥沙冲刷坑彼此相连构成群桩整体冲刷坑,且在最后排桩桩间形成条状冲刷坑,冲刷深度最大。

G3铜陵长江公铁大桥桥塔基础设计

G3铜陵长江公铁大桥主桥为主跨988 m的斜拉-悬索协作体系桥,桥塔采用钢筋混凝土门形结构。3号桥塔基础比选了钻孔桩基础与沉井基础方案,4号桥塔基础比选了钻孔桩基础与地下连续墙基础方案,综合考虑基础受力性能、经济性、施工风险等,均推荐采用钻孔桩基础方案。3号、4号桥塔塔座高4.5 m,承台分别为厚7 m的圆形-哑铃形和矩形-哑铃形结构,基础分别采用68根和64根φ3.0 m钻孔桩,桩长分别为95 m和79 m,按摩擦桩设计。承台系梁采用ANSYS软件进行实体有限元分析,系梁横向受力主筋、竖向抗剪箍筋采用优化分区配置,满足受力要求。

基于差分法的双排抗滑桩结构内力计算

为研究有连梁双排抗滑桩快速有效的内力计算模型,在对有连梁双排桩进行受力分析的基础上,将有连梁双排抗滑桩结构简化为在桩顶连系梁零弯矩处断开的2根单桩结构,通过对双排桩受力进行叠加得到前后排桩桩顶连梁传递的弯矩与剪力,基于有限差分法建立了有连梁双排抗滑桩受荷段、嵌固段全桩内力计算模型,进而对有连梁双排抗滑桩桩体内力进行了计算。同时,通过大型室内模型试验内力实测结果对所计算结果进行了对比验证。结果表明:(1)模型试验结果与所建计算模型得到的桩顶位移与桩身弯矩值吻合较好,说明简化计算模型具有一定的适用性;(2)二者的后排桩最大弯矩出现位置略有偏差,计算得到的最大弯矩位置更接近实际桩体破坏位置,进一步验证了全桩内力计算模型的可靠性;(3)所建有限差分计算模型避免了将受荷段与嵌固段利用连续条件进行迭代的复杂运算过程,大大提升了计算效率,为实际工程提供了一种快速高效的有连梁双排桩内力计算方法。

高桩码头承插式T形桩帽安装灌浆工艺

在传统高桩码头结构中,桩芯、桩帽常采用现浇工艺。受潮位变动区影响,现浇过程中钢筋、混凝土受海水浸泡侵蚀,难以控制结构质量。并且海上作业需要赶潮施工,人员风险性高。依托福建宁德18~20号泊位工程,介绍一种高桩码头承插式T形桩帽施工工艺。通过将T形桩帽承插式安装至钢管桩内,并利用UHPC材料灌浆与钢管桩形成整体。T形桩帽为一种新型结构,通过研究其安装、灌浆工艺,解决了高桩码头直桩装配化技术问题。应用结果表明,该工艺可以提高码头的装配化率和施工质量,应用效果良好。

东津黄河大桥主桥总体设计

东津黄河大桥主桥为(50+180+420+180+50) m双塔钢-混组合梁斜拉桥,采用半飘浮结构体系;主梁采用宽34 m的双边钢箱-混凝土桥面板组合梁;桥塔采用无下横梁的A形桥塔+分离式承台,承台间设横向系梁,塔梁交接处设置牛腿支承主梁,塔柱底部设置破冰体;基础采用?2.0 m钻孔灌注桩,最大桩长117 m;斜拉索采用标准抗拉强度1 860 MPa平行钢丝拉索,按空间双索面扇形布置,塔端采用钢锚梁+混凝土齿块锚固,梁端采用钢锚箱锚固于主梁边钢箱外腹板。计算结果表明,该桥结构静、动力性能良好,各项指标满足规范要求。

灌浆料对预制承插式桩芯与钢管桩黏结性能影响试验研究

高桩码头的桩芯、桩帽为桩顶连接关键结构,而传统水上现浇施工通常面临作业难、施工质量影响因素多等问题。预制承插式桩芯桩帽结构由水上现浇转变为工厂预制,通过超高性能混凝土灌浆料与钢管桩形成桩顶结构,避免了水文条件对其施工的影响。通过物模试验开展预制桩芯-桩帽结构的破坏模式及灌浆料配比研究,结果表明:竖向荷载下桩顶结构的灌浆料与预制桩芯界面黏结不动,仅灌浆料与钢管之间产生相对滑移,灌浆料与钢管内壁的界面黏结性能相对薄弱;灌浆料与钢管的黏结强度随钢纤维掺入而减小,随膨胀剂掺入而增大;塑性膨胀剂掺量0.08%、中后期国标Ⅱ型膨胀剂掺量12%组合为最优配比,其界面黏结强度在28 d内呈增长趋势,28 d后趋于稳定。

装配式双拼钢围檩的拼接节点承载性能研究

结合某下穿通道基坑开挖的装配式钢结构支护体系,对双拼钢围檩拼接节点及相关组合桩和支撑进行现场测试,获取围檩承担的荷载数据,进而建立有限元分析模型。对比有限元计算值与实测值,分析拼接节点的承载性能。结果表明,依据等值梁法所得的组合桩内力可以用于围檩的荷载计算;拼接节点的有限元计算结果与现场监测数据较吻合,可为装配式双拼钢围檩的应用提供参考。

基于现场试验的CFG桩复合地基桩帽与垫层效应分析

【目的】柔性垫层和桩帽对CFG桩复合地基的桩土应力比、荷载分担比和沉降均有较大影响,但目前柔性垫层与桩帽在现场试验中如何共同影响复合地基特性仍有待进一步的研究。【方法】以CFG桩复合地基软基处理的某路段作为工程背景,在土工格栅层数不变的情况下,对垫层厚度为100 mm、200 mm、300 mm,桩帽尺寸为0.8 m、1.0 m、1.2 m组合下的形式进行了现场原位试验,研究了CFG桩复合地基的桩土应力比、荷载分担比和沉降特性。【结果】现场试验表明:随着垫层厚度由100 mm增大到300 mm,桩土荷载比减小了51.5%,桩土应力比减小了52.5%,总沉降量增大了7.9%;随着桩帽直径由0.8 m增大到1.2 m,桩土荷载比增大了29.0%,桩土应力比减小了29.2%,总沉降量10.4%.本文区域地质条件,宜选用垫层厚度100 mm、桩帽直径为1.2 m的CFG桩复合地基形式。

沱江特大桥钢板桩围堰及埋置式承台施工关键技术

金简仁快速路沱江特大桥全长963m,主桥采用空间曲线独塔扭索面斜拉桥。桥址区域覆盖层为卵石薄层,下卧层为高强度中风化粉砂岩和砂质泥岩。主墩承台为大体积混凝土结构,埋置于河床面以下。为克服传统围堰在此类工程条件下的施工难题,提出“钢板桩+岩壁”新型组合围堰的解决方案。为确保钢板桩嵌岩深度>10m且垂直度偏差≤0.5%,采用“全护筒跟进引孔”工艺;同时,为确保围堰锚固稳定性和不透水性,采用“回填砂注浆止水”工艺。主墩承台施工过程中采取综合温控技术措施保证了大体积混凝土浇筑质量。监测结果表明,围堰变形、内支撑应力、混凝土温差等控制指标均在合理范围内,实现了特大型桥梁基础施工安全、效率与质量保障。

砂土场地桥梁群桩基础延性抗震性能分析

采用严格的增量动力分析(IDA)方法对砂土场地桥梁群桩基础的延性性能开展了系统研究。基于砂土中单墩-群桩基础体系振动台试验验证了数值模拟方法;以实际工程为背景,考虑与结构、土体相关的9个参数,建立了一系列分析模型;将7条实际地震记录作为输入,进行了系统的增量动力分析。基于计算结果,对地震下桥梁群桩基础的损伤破坏过程进行了验证,提出了表征群桩基础延性性能的位移、转角、强度3个指标,并揭示了各性能指标随结构、土体参数的变化规律。结果表明,群桩基础在易修复状态下的平均位移延性系数为2.52,平均水平承载力为首次屈服状态的1.41倍;极限状态下平均位移延性系数为3.62,平均水平承载力为首次屈服状态的1.47倍,延性性能可观且稳定;承台转动引起的桥墩漂移率最大不超过0.7%,不控制抗震设计。

海上风电高桩承台基础关键部位受力特性研究

海上高桩承台基础结构承台部分的设计主要依靠高桩码头和桥梁等其他高桩承台结构的经验,基于在建工程,为解决设计时容易设计出过厚承台和多余配筋的问题,本文采用有限元对包括土体在内的整个风机基础进行精细化数值模拟计算,计算结果与规范算法进行对比,得到承台设计时规范算法的安全余量,同时提出配筋优化方向。结果表明:基于弹性材料模型计算结果,有限元计算结果小于规范算法计算结果,基桩最大压力相差22.43%,最大上拔力相差2.08%,弯矩差别最大为57.89%,最小为18.85%;基于弹塑性材料模型计算结果,钢筋最大应力出现在钢管桩桩头,承台顶层钢筋受力较小,设计时可加强钢管桩桩头配筋,减少承台顶层钢筋数量。

竖向荷载对高承台群桩基础侧向位移影响规律的振动台试验

基于大型振动台模型试验,以高承台群桩为研究对象,模拟了地震作用下高桩承台基础的振动响应,通过超静孔压比(简称孔压比)、加速度和地基土位移研究饱和砂土液化场地竖向荷载对桩基侧向位移的影响规律。结果表明:近桩区域受桩基竖向荷载影响最为显著,孔压比与竖向荷载呈负相关关系,桩基两侧孔压比差值与地基土浅层加速度是造成桩基侧向位移的主要原因;地基土对台面输出加速度主要起放大作用,且随着竖向荷载的增加,加速度放大系数显著减小;在振动输入与竖向荷载相同的条件下,地基土在地震动作用下引起的侧向流动及显著变形极大影响了桩基的侧向位移;竖向荷载为9%桩基极限承载力条件下,桩基倾斜角为4.80°,侧向位移较小,结合地基土抗液化能力,桩基抗倾覆能力最优。

大型梁式承台模型试验及跨中挠度简化计算方法研究

为了解大型梁式承台的力学性能,以某快速化改造工程的大型梁式承台为背景,按照缩尺比1∶10制作梁式承台模型进行力学性能试验,结合有限元计算,分析梁式承台结构受力、破坏模式、开裂情况等,并研究不同跨高比条件下梁式承台的受力特性。结果表明:在跨中荷载作用下,梁式承台受力大致可以分为线弹性阶段、裂缝发展阶段和屈服阶段3个阶段;线弹性阶段截面应力分布已不满足平截面假定,剪切效应对结构变形的影响不可忽略;模型最终破坏模式为弯曲破坏;裂缝主要表现为跨中弯曲裂缝和斜裂缝;跨高比越小,梁式承台剪切刚度越大。为考虑剪切效应对梁式承台变形的影响,拟合得出梁式承台跨中挠度的简化计算方法,将该方法计算值及规范计算值与试验值进行对比,可得在裂缝发展阶段,规范计算值与试验值偏差较大,所提方法计算值与试验值偏差较小,该方法可用于线弹性阶段及裂缝发展阶段梁式承台跨中挠度的初步估算。