The Soil Conservation Monitorins Information System (SCMIS) presented in this paper is oriented to soil erosion control, resources exploitation, utilization, planning and management for a small watershed (about 10 sq....The Soil Conservation Monitorins Information System (SCMIS) presented in this paper is oriented to soil erosion control, resources exploitation, utilization, planning and management for a small watershed (about 10 sq. km.) on the Loess Plateau. It sums up Remote sensing (RS), Geographical Information System (GIS) and Expert System (ES) and consists of a integrated system. As a basic level information system of Loess Plateau, its perfection and psreading will bring about a great advance in resources exploitation and management of Loess Plateau.展开更多
Heritage agencies have been protecting modern architecture in Brazil since 1948,starting with Oscar Niemeyer’s Pampulha Chapel.So far 75 modern works have been listed mostly because of their artistic value.List...Heritage agencies have been protecting modern architecture in Brazil since 1948,starting with Oscar Niemeyer’s Pampulha Chapel.So far 75 modern works have been listed mostly because of their artistic value.Listing prevents demolition.Unfortunately,it does not ensure proper conservation,and many interventions have disfigured works of architecture listed as modern masterpieces.Among those tolerated by the Brazilian heritage agencies,an early one is the roofing of the balconies of Oscar Niemeyer’s Ouro Preto Grand Hotel.Among those approved were the construction of theatres diverging from those designed but unexecuted at the time of the listing,and renovations associated with the introduction or updating of air conditioning systems.The former included one by Niemeyer himself,at his Ibirapuera Park complex,and another at Affonso Eduardo Reidy’s Museum of Modern Art of Rio de Janeiro.The latter included the Pampulha Dance Hall,two Ibirapuera Park Pavilions,and the Planalto Palace.The paper analyses these retrofits along with the restoration project of Reidy’s Pedregulho Housing Estate,and discusses the connections of the heritage agencies’stands regarding these interventions with scientism and the traditions of the conservation field.It suggests a bias of the agencies toward affirmation of historical values and celebration of picturesque disorder,and defends the need for their reorientation towards affirmation of the modern compositional logic.展开更多
The built heritage of the 20^(th) century concerns society in general: it is the background to everyday life and the stage of ‘past experience’. Therefore, recent past buildings should not be considered merely for t...The built heritage of the 20^(th) century concerns society in general: it is the background to everyday life and the stage of ‘past experience’. Therefore, recent past buildings should not be considered merely for their aesthetic features;they also have to do with physical well-being, social rituals and representations, as well as with associated concepts such as values and emotions. But conservation of 20^(th)-century heritage is not straightforward. It requires specific strategies as well as critical and operational tools, which are not part of the cultural background of the actors of the transformation of our cities (architects, engineers, heritage officials, etc.) and do not yet feature in current design teaching curricula in most universities. To fill these gaps, in 2008 four Swiss architectural schools (USI, EPFL, ETHZ, SUPSI) launched a research project titled ‘Critical Encyclopaedia for reuse and restoration of 20^(th)-century architecture’ (2009-2013). The article presents one of the outcomes of this research: the work developed by the section titled ‘Historical and Critical Tools for Conservation’, which will be published shortly. It provides readers with the cultural, theoretical and critical frame of reference required to understand recent architectural heritage in its widest sense: as a historical, symbolic and aesthetic resource, but also as being endowed with social, economic and ecological value. By examining theories and doctrines which have developed over time and thanks to the exemplary nature and variety of the selected cases, it provides a historical appraisal of how intervention in the field of recent heritage has evolved over the past 60 years. Furthermore the oeuvre presents intervention tools in action: by analysing a vast array of case studies which address the main areas of conservation practice (historical and critical research, analysis of materials and technical features, identification of compatible new uses, regulatory compliance), it provides a methodology to develop concrete and appropriate criteria for any specific case.展开更多
文摘The Soil Conservation Monitorins Information System (SCMIS) presented in this paper is oriented to soil erosion control, resources exploitation, utilization, planning and management for a small watershed (about 10 sq. km.) on the Loess Plateau. It sums up Remote sensing (RS), Geographical Information System (GIS) and Expert System (ES) and consists of a integrated system. As a basic level information system of Loess Plateau, its perfection and psreading will bring about a great advance in resources exploitation and management of Loess Plateau.
文摘Heritage agencies have been protecting modern architecture in Brazil since 1948,starting with Oscar Niemeyer’s Pampulha Chapel.So far 75 modern works have been listed mostly because of their artistic value.Listing prevents demolition.Unfortunately,it does not ensure proper conservation,and many interventions have disfigured works of architecture listed as modern masterpieces.Among those tolerated by the Brazilian heritage agencies,an early one is the roofing of the balconies of Oscar Niemeyer’s Ouro Preto Grand Hotel.Among those approved were the construction of theatres diverging from those designed but unexecuted at the time of the listing,and renovations associated with the introduction or updating of air conditioning systems.The former included one by Niemeyer himself,at his Ibirapuera Park complex,and another at Affonso Eduardo Reidy’s Museum of Modern Art of Rio de Janeiro.The latter included the Pampulha Dance Hall,two Ibirapuera Park Pavilions,and the Planalto Palace.The paper analyses these retrofits along with the restoration project of Reidy’s Pedregulho Housing Estate,and discusses the connections of the heritage agencies’stands regarding these interventions with scientism and the traditions of the conservation field.It suggests a bias of the agencies toward affirmation of historical values and celebration of picturesque disorder,and defends the need for their reorientation towards affirmation of the modern compositional logic.
文摘The built heritage of the 20^(th) century concerns society in general: it is the background to everyday life and the stage of ‘past experience’. Therefore, recent past buildings should not be considered merely for their aesthetic features;they also have to do with physical well-being, social rituals and representations, as well as with associated concepts such as values and emotions. But conservation of 20^(th)-century heritage is not straightforward. It requires specific strategies as well as critical and operational tools, which are not part of the cultural background of the actors of the transformation of our cities (architects, engineers, heritage officials, etc.) and do not yet feature in current design teaching curricula in most universities. To fill these gaps, in 2008 four Swiss architectural schools (USI, EPFL, ETHZ, SUPSI) launched a research project titled ‘Critical Encyclopaedia for reuse and restoration of 20^(th)-century architecture’ (2009-2013). The article presents one of the outcomes of this research: the work developed by the section titled ‘Historical and Critical Tools for Conservation’, which will be published shortly. It provides readers with the cultural, theoretical and critical frame of reference required to understand recent architectural heritage in its widest sense: as a historical, symbolic and aesthetic resource, but also as being endowed with social, economic and ecological value. By examining theories and doctrines which have developed over time and thanks to the exemplary nature and variety of the selected cases, it provides a historical appraisal of how intervention in the field of recent heritage has evolved over the past 60 years. Furthermore the oeuvre presents intervention tools in action: by analysing a vast array of case studies which address the main areas of conservation practice (historical and critical research, analysis of materials and technical features, identification of compatible new uses, regulatory compliance), it provides a methodology to develop concrete and appropriate criteria for any specific case.
