Wide speed range for traction motor in braking force of electric braking control system

A vehicle stopping method using an electric brake until a traction motor is stopped is studied. At the moment of vehicle stop, electric brake is changed to control mode where torque is reduced at a low speed. Gradient is controlled by estimating the load torque of motor, thereby traction motor is not rotated after stop. In addition, coasting operation and brake test are performed from normal-opposite operation and start using a small-scale model comprising the inertial load equipment and the power converter. Further, traction motor is made to be equipped with a suspension torque. Pure electric braking that makes traction motor stop by an air brake at the time of stop is also implemented. Constant torque range and constant power range are expanded during braking so that braking force is secured with the electric brakes even in high speed region. Therefore, vehicle reduction effect can be expected by reducing parts related with an air brake which is not used frequently by using a pure electric brake in the M car in wide speed region. Further, maintenance of brake system can be reduced. Besides, ride comfort of passenger in the electric rail car, energy efficiency improvement, and noise reduction effect can be additionally expected. Further, an improved brake method that uses only an electric brake till motor stop is proposed by comparing those in the blending brake that uses an air brake while reducing brake torque at vehicle stop.

Investigation of an Intensifying-flux Variable Flux-leakage Interior Permanent Magnet Machine for Wide Speed Range

In this paper,a novel intensifying-flux variable flux-leakage interior permanent magnet(IFVF-IPM)machine is proposed,in which flux barriers were designed deliberately between the adjacent poles to obtain intensifying-flux effect and variable flux-leakage property.The rotor topology and design principles of the proposed machine are also introduced.Then,a multi-objective optimization method is adopted based on the sensitivity analysis,and some design variables of IFVF-IPM machine with strong sensitivity are selected to optimization progress by using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ).Moreover,the electromagnetic characteristics of conventional IPM machine,conventional IFVF-IPM machine(CIFVF-IPM)and the novel IFVF-IPM machine are compared based on the finite element analysis(FEA)method which includes flux linkage,inductances characteristic,torque-speed envelops and power characteristic,as well as evaluation of the risk of irreversible demagnetization.Finally,the experiment results show that the IFVF-IPM machine has a better performance in flux weakening capability for wide speed range and a lower risk of irreversible demagnetization,which indicates the validity and feasibility of the proposed machine.

Study on the Effective Range of Local Ventilation in the Driving Face of Single Head Roadway

The traditional research considers that the effective range of forced local ventilation in single head tunnel is the horizontal distance from the jet exit section to the rotary section, but there is a low wind speed area at the end of the range which can not completely and effectively release toxic and harmful gases. In this area, due to the small jet energy, there is no way to effectively remove the toxic and harmful gases produced in the driving process, which seriously affects the safety of the mine.?Therefore, the reasonable definition of the effective range of the forced local ventilation of the single head tunnel can not only improve the theory of the local ventilation of the mine, but also prevent the accumulation of gas and ensure the life safety of the employees. In this paper, the definition of effective range of local ventilation in single head heading face is put forward, and the rationality of the definition of effective range is verified by numerical simulation. On the basis of reasonable definition of effective range, the relationship between wind speed and effective range under different ventilation modes is studied by numerical simulation. The results show that when the wind speed at the outlet of the air duct is less than 20 m/s, the effective range changes rapidly with the outlet wind speed, and after more than 20 m/s, the effect of wind speed on the effective range is gradually weakened. Under the same exit wind speed, the effective range of parallel and coplanar air inlet is much greater than that of single air inlet.

Design and Analysis of Wide Speed Regulation of Variable Leakage Flux Reverse Salient-pole Motor

In this article, a new variable leakage flux reverse salient-pole motor(VLF-RSPM) is raised to widen the speed range. The innovation is to realize both reverse salient-pole characteristics and variable leakage flux characteristics by using a method of adding magnetic bridges and magnetic barriers. Firstly, the evolution of the topological structure and working principle of the motor are introduced. Secondly, based on 2D Finite Element Analysis(FEA), the electromagnetic properties and noise of the motor are analyzed in detail, and the electromagnetic properties are contrasted with that of the conventional V-type synchronous motor(CVTSM). The results show that VLF-RSPM has the advantages of small torque ripple, strong magnetic weakening ability, low noise, high efficiency, and low risk of permanent magnet demagnetization under different conditions. In addition, it is verified that the proposed motor extends the speed range.

Study of Star-Delta Soft Switch to Extend AC Motor High Speed Operation Region

In traction application,speed range of motor is an important index for motor drives.In AC motor control,the maximum speed of the motor is limited by the output voltage capability of the traditional three-phase inverter with star connenction of windings.Switching the star connection to delta connection in high-speed range can extend the speed range.In order to extend the speed operation region,star-delta switch proposed by many literatures relies on mechanical relay,which needs a dead zone of tens of milliseconds and seriously affects torque output.Besides,the traditional method will cause current overshoot during the switch transient process,decreasing the device security and reliability.Aiming at the defects existing in the star-delta hard switching,this paper proposes a star-delta soft switching method.Without adding extra power electronics devices,DC-bus capacitor is used to provide the path of zero axis current in the transient process,which helps to achieve the smooth torque output and zero current switch in the transient.Experiments have been done to validate the performance of the proposed method.The switching transient from star to delta connection in the motor drive can be much more stable than hard switching method.

电动汽车用新型模块化聚磁转子永磁电机设计及其对比分析

将轮辐型内置式转子和Halbach永磁阵列结合,并取消转子铁心加强筋,减小漏磁达到高聚磁同时兼顾凸极比,实现高转矩/功率密度和宽调速范围。在保证永磁体用量相同的情况下,建立新型高凸极比聚磁转子和V型转子两种电机模型,针对两者的分段转子拓扑,开展电磁性能对比分析,包括气隙磁密、凸极比、功率以及弱磁扩速能力等。同时,考虑到无转子铁心加强筋会导致转子分段存在结构强度问题,仿真验证新型高凸极比聚磁转子结构在最高转速6000 r/min时给予碳纤维护套保护下转子结构强度的可靠性;分析温度限制下新型高凸极比转子电机的功率输出。另外,对比两种不同电机结构的振动噪声情况。最后,研制一台16极/72槽新型高凸极比转子永磁电机样机,实验验证有限元分析结果的准确性。进一步说明了新型高凸极比转子永磁电机在转矩/功率密度和宽调速运行等方面的性能优势。

一种组合动力飞行器模态转换过程轨迹优化与控制方案

为应对组合动力飞行器涡轮/冲压发动机模态转换过程中容易出现的推力陷阱问题,开展了组合动力飞行器模态转换阶段飞行/推进一体化保护控制研究。该研究利用组合动力爬升段飞行轨迹优化方法,解决模态转换过程中组合发动机总推力无法满足平飞加速需求的推力陷阱问题。结合轨迹线性化控制方法,完成了宽速域飞行器/发动机一体化轨迹跟踪控制设计,利用迎角、油门等变量的协同调节实现轨迹跟踪控制。仿真结果表明,轨迹优化策略能够在一定程度上克服模态转换过程中的推力不足问题,一体化轨迹线性化控制方法可以有效实现爬升轨迹跟踪,避免模态转换过程对组合动力飞行器飞行任务造成的不利影响。

亚轨道远程极速重载运输系统总体设计与控制技术研究

近年来,随着运载火箭复用技术的快速发展,基于航天运载技术实现全球点对点极速运输已受到国际航天界的广泛关注。提出了亚轨道远程极速重载运输系统发展设想,综合利用太空高速的超微阻力特征和大气层内升力起飞及滑翔降落的便利,运载能力达到60 t级,具有小时级全球到达能力。结合任务特点与初步技术方案分析了运输系统总体设计与控制技术中的科学挑战与研究方法,并给出了初步结果分析,可为未来远程极速运输系统设计提供参考。

基于回馈升压逆变器的无刷直流电机宽速度范围转矩脉动抑制

无刷直流电机固有的转矩脉动问题严重限制了其在诸多高精尖场合的应用,为此该文提出一种适用于宽速度范围转矩脉动抑制的回馈升压逆变器拓扑及控制策略。在正常导通期间通过保持非换相相电流的恒定以减小转矩脉动。当电机运行在低速区间时,由于换相时所需的母线电压小于直流侧电源电压,因此通过脉宽调制便足以实现电机的平滑换相;而在更高速的情况下为实现快速换相并有效抑制换相转矩脉动,可在换相期间利用所提拓扑提升母线电压,其中额外补偿的能量均来自非换相期间电机的回馈。最后通过相应的Matlab仿真和DSP驱动实验验证了所提控制技术的可行性和有效性。

基于Buck-Boost电路与相对极差策略的锂电池组分层均衡技术研究

针对串联锂电池组均衡过程中出现的均衡速度慢、能量转移效率低等问题,提出一种基于Buck-Boost电路的分层均衡拓扑结构,以各单体电池的荷电状态(SOC)作为均衡变量,采用相对极差法的均衡控制策略以实现各层均衡单元的同步均衡。首先阐述了改进后均衡拓扑的整体结构以及分层分组的方法、最小均衡单元的均衡原理以及均衡过程中相关参数的计算过程;之后根据所设计的分层拓扑结构设计了与其相适应的均衡控制策略;最后在Matlab/Simulink中分别搭建了不同拓扑下的仿真模型并进行了均衡仿真验证。仿真结果表明,在8节电池与9节电池的不同情况下与传统单层均衡拓扑相比,文中所提出的采用相对极差控制策略的分层均衡拓扑结构在均衡速度上分别提高了86.06%和84.21%,在能量转移效率上分别提高了3.3%和4.22%,验证了所提均衡拓扑以及均衡策略的有效性。

无源雷达高速目标回波相参积累和参数估计算法

针对无源雷达高机动匀速目标参数估计中长时间积累引起的距离徙动效应问题,提出了一种基于Keystone变换和圆阵干涉仪测向的高效相参积累和参数估计算法。首先,根据目标运动和外辐射源信号参数,对参考信号和监视信号进行分段处理,段内为快时间,段间为慢时间;然后,利用Keystone变换对各频率的时间轴进行尺度变换,校正高速目标的距离徙动,继而将目标回波信号能量积累至同一时延-多普勒单元;最后,对目标回波所在的时延-多普勒单元进行圆阵干涉仪二维测向,得到目标方位角和俯仰角估计。仿真结果表明,算法可有效实现高机动匀速目标微弱回波信号的相参积累和参数估计,计算复杂度更低,对目标时延、多普勒、方位角和俯仰角参数估计的稳健性和精度更高。

淬火态30CrNi2MoVA高强度钢高速铣削参数优化研究

运用三因素三水平的正交试验方案对淬火态30CrNi2MoVA高强度钢进行高速精密铣削实验,获得了铣削参数对于铣削力的影响规律以及高速切削机理;根据各铣削力实验结果建立指数型回归模型,并对其进行显著性分析;对铣削合力线性模型进行方差分析得到铣削参数对于铣削合力变化的显著性分析结果,显著性大小依次为轴向切削深度、每齿进给量、切削速度;应用田口法与极差分析法相结合,以铣削合力进行单目标的参数优化,获得了大致相同的最优铣削参数组合;通过计算证明了田口预测方法预测值与实验值的一致性。

乘波体设计与优化研究进展——从高超声速至宽速域

高超声速飞行器是当前世界航空航天强国抢占制高点的重点方向.目前,该类飞行器正朝着更高速度、更强机动和更宽速域的方向发展,而乘波体的高升力、高升阻比以及下表面流动均匀等优势使其在高超声速飞行器设计中极具应用价值,是当前国内外高超声速气动布局领域研究的热点之一.文章回顾了国内外典型高超声速飞行器和宽域飞行器的发展历程和趋势,系统概述了传统乘波体的设计方法、优化方法、各向稳定性以及宽域化乘波体设计方法等方面的研究进展,并提出一种全参数化描述的宽域乘波翼身融合布局设计方法及宽域气动布局方案,结合数值计算和风洞试验对该布局的宽域气动特性进行了详细评估,结果表明:该布局的亚声速、超声速和高超声速最大升阻比分别为8.4(Ma0.8),5.8(Ma1.5)和5.0(Ma5),整个宽域焦点变化范围为4.8%L,具备较优的宽域升阻匹配和操稳匹配特性.最后,对乘波体在超高速气动物理影响与正向优化设计方法、宽域布局设计与优化方法以及智能可变形飞行器等方面的发展方向进行了展望.

RBCC模态特征与热力循环分析样本全覆盖策略

为了获得样本全覆盖的RBCC全模态热力循环分析策略,针对目前尚有争议的低速阶段,采用数值模拟方法研究了支板式RBCC构型在Ma=0~2的流场演化特性,基于对流场演化的认识,区分了火箭-冲压联合工作阶段的模态,提出了除纯火箭模态以外的RBCC样本全覆盖的热力循环分析方法策略。研究结果表明,火箭-冲压联合工作阶段时,RBCC的工作模态包括引射模态、“火箭冲压协同”模态和“加力冲压”模态;在亚声速范围,只要正确赋值来流总温、总压,零速引射分析方法可以用于确定有速度条件的进气道入流流量和混合室出口条件;存在“扫掠激波”的超声速阶段与高亚声速阶段的流场特征相似,零速引射分析方法可用于存在“扫掠激波”的超声速阶段,输入条件取“扫掠激波”后的滞止参数;将零速引射分析方法和以燃烧区特征马赫数为表征的等效热力过程分析方法结合,可以实现RBCC除纯火箭模态以外的各模态样本全覆盖的热力循环分析。

基于改进OMP算法的多目标高速机动检测方法

针对多目标高速机动检测问题,提出了一种基于改进正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法的多目标检测方法。根据高速机动目标运动特性建立信号模型;利用改进OMP算法对脉冲压缩后的回波信号进行运动参数估计;构建相位补偿函数对距离徙动和多普勒徙动进行校正;通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)完成相参积累,实现对多目标的检测。改进算法适用于多目标高速机动检测场景,可有效避免盲速旁瓣现象及信号交叉项的影响,且具有参数估计精度高和抗噪声能力强等优点。仿真实验验证了改进算法的有效性与可靠性。

考虑交互作用的A100钢高速铣削参数区间优选

为获得理想的高速铣削A100钢的铣削力和铣削温度,提出了一种考虑交互作用的铣削工艺参数取值区间的优选方法。以铣削力和铣削温度为响应变量并作为优化目标,设计了四因素四水平的正交仿真试验,得到了各工艺参数对响应变量的影响规律。利用熵权法得到了各响应变量的权重系数,结合灰色关联度分析理论将多个优化目标转化为一个综合优化目标。通过综合优化目标极差分析的主效应图得到了A100钢高速铣削工艺参数的优选区间,并利用枚举法得到了优化目标值的变化范围,经过与正交表中的响应值进行对比,结果表明所得优化目标的最大值均小于正交试验结果的平均值,满足优化预期。

一种对高速运动目标的单光子测距方法

作为一种前沿的激光探测技术,单光子激光测距技术已成功应用于月球测距、卫星测距和地面测高等领域。然而,单光子测距在机载空对空、地对空平台上对高速运动目标进行跟踪测距时,回波光子落在不同的时间窗,导致直接计数无法有效提取信号的问题仍需解决。针对空对空条件下单光子激光测距的应用需求,基于时间相关光子计数技术设计一种适用于全天时、宽时域、多噪声条件下对高速运动目标的单光子测距方法。该方法采用阵列单光子探测器和相邻时间窗相关统计多帧处理算法提取激光回波光子信号,并在Matlab平台上对算法进行仿真实验,使用多元阵列单光子探测器实现最大测程百公里以上、背景噪声计数率约为5 MHz、单脉冲回波光子计数平均值为1条件下的回波光子信号提取。该方法能够克服传统单光子探测只能对准静态目标测距,只能在小接收视场和小波门范围等弱背景噪声及目标轨迹可预测条件下应用的限制,将单光子探测由只能固定平台夜晚对准静态目标测距推广至通用平台全天时对高速运动目标测距。

高压宽转速斜盘转动轴向柱塞泵设计

电机驱动的变转速轴向柱塞泵有极大的技术优势与产业价值。开发了一种适用于变速驱动的高压轴向柱塞泵,其采用缸体静止、斜盘转动、摆动配流的结构形式,可大幅度降低传统柱塞泵三大摩擦副的摩擦。介绍了该新型柱塞泵的结构,开发了47 mL/r排量的泵样机,测试了该泵的压力、流量脉动和容积效率。结果表明,在200~1500 r/min运行时,该新型柱塞泵的容积效率为95%~98%,压力脉动为4%~8%,具有转速范围宽、容积效率高、流量脉动小等优势,为变转速轴向柱塞泵的设计提供了借鉴。

基于近景摄影测量的单镜头视频车辆速度检测方法

车速检测是城市交通体系中车辆运行安全的重要环节,对维持城市交通安全至关重要。针对现有的多种交通车辆测速方法存在高成本、易受外界条件影响、安装区域限制等问题,本文提出一种成本较低、灵活性高的基于视频图像的车辆识别与测速方法。采用深度学习的方法搭建YOLOv4框架并训练COCO数据集识别车辆,改进识别方法提取识别车辆外接最大矩形框下边界中点的像平面坐标,引入近景摄影测量的方法并对共线方程进行改进,在单摄像机情况下完成对车辆的识别,计算车辆瞬时速度,绘制检测区域内车辆速度曲线,最后采取试验验证方法可行性并进行精度评定。