Pumpability of Manufactured Sand Self-compacting Concrete

By the addition of superplasticizer and air entraining agent,manufactured sand selfcompacting concrete(MS SCC)with slump flow varying from 500 to 700 mm and air content varying from 2.0%to 9.0%were prepared and the pumpability of MS SCC was studied by a sliding pipe rheometer(Sliper).According to the Kaplan’s model,the initial pump pressure and the pump resistance of MS SCC were obtained.Meanwhile,rheological properties including the yield stress and the plastic viscosity of MS SCC were measured by a rheometer.The experimental results show that the increase of slump flow contributes to a higher pumpability and a proper air content,i e,6%is beneficial for the pumpability of MS SCC.Due to the existence of stone powder and stronger angularity of MS,the initial pump pressure of MS SCC is only about 60%-88%that of river sand(RS)SCC with the same slump flow and air content,indicating that MS SCC possesses a higher pumpability than RS SCC.

Self-compacting Concrete-filled Steel Tubes Prepared from Manufactured Sand with a High Content of Limestone Fines

To meet the requirements of construction of concretes filled in the steel tube arches,a C60 grade micro-expansive self-compacting concrete （SCC） was prepared from manufactured sand （MS）.The utilization of MS with a high content of quarry limestone fines was dealed for SCC applications.The workability,compressive and splitting strength,modulus of elasticity,restrained expansion and chloride ion permeability as well as freeze-thaw resistance of three MS-SCC mixes with fines content of 3%,7% and 10% were tested and compared with those of the natural sand （NS）-SCC mix.The experimental results indicate that the performances of the C60 MS-SCC with fines content of 7% are excellent and compared favorably with those of C60 NS-SCC.

Influence of MB-value of Manufactured Sand on the Shrinkage and Cracking of High Strength Concrete

The relation between methylene blue （MB） value of MS and its limestone dust content and clay content was investigated. The effects of MB value ranging from 0.35 to 2.5 on the workability of fresh concrete and crack propagation characteristics at the age of 24 hours, and effects on the mechanical properties, dry shrinkage of the harden concrete were tested. The experimental results show that the MB value is not related with the limestone dust content of MS, but in direct proportion to clay content. With the increase of MB value, the concrete workability decreases, and the flexural strength and 7 d compressive strength reduce markedly, whearas the 28 d compressive strength is not affected. When the MB-value is less than or equal to 1.35, the change of the MB-value has a little influence on early plastic cracking and dry shrinkage property of concrete, but when the MB-value is more than 1.35, the tendency of plastic cracking and dry shrinkage is remarkable.

Relationships between Modified Methylene Blue Value of Microfines in Manufactured Sand and Concrete Properties

To better understand and assess the effect of microfines on concrete properties, the synergetic effect of methylene blue value and content of microfines on properties of low and high strength concrete was studied and then the relationships between the index of modified methylene blue value （MMBV） and concrete properties were investigated. The results show that relationships between MMBV and fresh and hardened properties of concrete can be fully established, and the correlation between MMBV and C60 concrete property is higher than the correlation between MMBV and C30 concrete. With the increase of MMBV, concrete workability and frost resistance decrease while drying shrinkage decreases; however, compressive strength and chloride-ion penetration resistance of C30 concrete have not been negatively affected whereas those of C60 concrete are significantly deteriorated when MMBV exceeds 100. To make use of microfines without remarkably damaging concrete quality, it is suggested that MMBV of microfines in MS used in C30 and C60 concrete be no more than 100.

Effects of Manufactured-sand on Dry Shrinkage and Crccp of High-strength Concrete

The influences of natural sand, manufactured-sand （MS） and stone-dust （SD） in the manufactured-sand on workability, compressive strength, elastic modulus, drying shrinkage and creep properties of high-strength concrete （HSC） were tested and compared. The results show that the reasonable content （7%-10.5%） of SD in MS will not deteriorate the workability of MS-HSC. It could even improve the workability. Moreover, the compressive strength increases gradually with the increasing SD content,and the MS- HSC with low SD content （smaller than 7%） has the elastic modulus which approaches that of the natural sand HSC, but the elastic modulus reduces when the SD content is high. The influence of the SD content on drying shrinkage performance of MS-HSC is closely related to the hydration age. The shrinkage rate of MS-HSC in the former 7 d age is higher than that of the natural sand HSC, but the difference of the shrinkage rate in the late age is not marked. Meanwhile the shrinkage rate reduces as the fly ash is added; the specific creep and creep coefficient of MS-HSC with 7% SD are close to those of the natural sand HSC.

Influence of Aggregate Grain Size on the Formulation of Sand Concrete in the Construction Industry in Congo

The main objective of this study is to contribute to the optimization of the formulation of sand concretes and its valorisation according to natural sands from different quarries or extraction sites. Physical characteristics of natural sands have been determined and improved by the addition of crushing sand, taking into account the too fine elements of the sand. Four types of sand were used (Congo River, Djiri, Mfilou, crushed sand). The concrete formulations proposed from improved sands (30% crushed sand and 70% natural sand) reveal an increase in mechanical strength. Thus, it appeared that this improvement of the natural fine sands by the crushing sand has brought a clear increase in the maneuverability of the concretes and the physico-mechanical characteristics of nearly 50%, although this crushing sand has a sand equivalent value of less than 70%. These results augur well for the durability of structures in the construction industry in Congo.

River Sand Characterization for Its Use in Concrete: A Revue

Despite the gradual professionalization of the construction sector as well as the abundance of sand mining sites offered by the North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo Region, ignorance of materials by local builders persists. This is the case of quarries extracting river sand used to make concrete and mortar. However, the dosages of the various constituents are most often chosen on the basis of experience without any prior characterization of this material. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the characterization of river sand for its use in concrete in DRC. The origin and global use of river sand in construction are presented in percentage terms to highlight the importance of river sand as a construction material. The physical properties of river sand, including particle size distribution, bulk density, absolute density, and cleanliness are discussed in detail. The paper examines the effect of variations in river sand properties on concrete behavior, including density and compressive strength. Overall, this paper emphasizes the need to properly characterize river sand before using it in construction to ensure durable, high-quality structures. This will avoid the problems that are observed in particular a bad behavior of the coating on the walls;cracks and crumbling of the beams, lintels, posts and even the ruin of the structures.

Constraints in Using Manufactured Sands in Concrete Pavements in Australia

Due to the shortages of natural sands along the east coast of Australia in particular and the need to fully utilise fines produced in quarry operations, progress has been made in utilising blends of manufactured sands and natural sands in concrete pavements. This paper documents some of the constraints in utilising larger proportions of manufactured sands in concrete pavements. These constraints are mainly caused by the current level of knowledge regarding the impact of manufactured sands on skid and abrasion resistance of concrete pavements. This paper presents a brief review of literature on this subject in the USA, France and UK. It also briefly documents work recently carried out in Australia by CCAA （Cement Concrete and Aggregates Australia）, referring to the skid and abrasion resistance of concrete pavements using manufactured sands. The paper concludes that there is no relationship between the free silica content and the skid resistance. With regard to the abrasion resistance, it is rather the curing conditions and the compressive strength that are more important in achieving good results.

机制砂再生粗骨料混凝土抗压强度试验研究

为探究机制砂原料种类和机制砂级配对机制砂再生混凝土抗压强度的影响,以细骨料类型(天然砂、石灰石机制砂、卵石机制砂)细骨料级配、水灰比为变量制作了30组机制砂再生混凝土立方体试块和15组天然砂再生混凝土立方体试块。结果表明:在石粉掺量10%时,机制砂再生混凝土抗压强度高于天然砂再生混凝土,且机制砂原料为石灰石的抗压强度高于卵石;机制砂各筛孔量占比分别为5%、7%、18%、25%、26%和14%时,机制砂再生粗骨料混凝土的抗压强度最高。研究表明:严格控制水灰比、颗粒级配可使机制砂再生混凝土达到设计强度、满足生产应用要求,采用机制砂替代天然砂制备再生骨料混凝土更有优势,是缓解天然砂资源短缺的可行途径之一。

煤矸石机制砂C20混凝土力学性能研究

为探究煤矸石机制砂对低强度等级C20混凝土力学性能的影响,调控煤矸石机制砂掺量和水灰比浇筑混凝土试块,开展抗压和抗折强度试验。结果表明:相同水灰比下,随煤矸石机制砂掺量增加,混凝土的抗压强度先增强后降低;相同取代率下,混凝土的抗压和抗折强度随水灰比增大而降低。相较于煤矸石机制砂取代率,水灰比对混凝土抗折强度的影响更大。取代率不超过30%时,对混凝土的抗压和抗折强度均有利,水灰比为0.55、取代率为25%时,混凝土抗压和抗折强度提高最多。

Effect of microlimestone on properties of self-consolidating concrete with manufactured sand and mineral admixture

Self-consolidating concrete(SCC)with manufactured sand(MSCC)is crucial to guarantee the quality of concrete construction technology and the associated property.The properties of MSCC with different microlimestone powder(MLS)replacements of retreated manufactured sand(TMsand)are investigated in this study.The result indicates that high-performance SCC,made using TMsand(TMSCC),achieved high workability,good mechanical properties,and durability by optimizing MLS content and adding fy ash and silica fume.In particular,the TMSCC with 12%MLS content exhibits the best workability,and the TMSCC with 4%MLS content has the highest strength in the late age,which is even better than that of SCC made with the river sand(R sand).Though MLS content slightly affects the hydration reaction of cement and mainly plays a role in the nucleation process in concrete structures compared to silica fume and fly ash,increasing MLS content can evidently have a significant impact on the early age hydration progress.TMsand with MLS content ranging from 8%to 12%may be a suitable alternative for the Rsand used in the SCC as fine aggregate.The obtained results can be used to promote the application of SCC made with manufactured sand and mineral admixtures for concrete-based infrastructure.

蒸养条件下机制砂混凝土的力学性能及干缩性能

为推动机制砂在预制混凝土构件中的应用,实现机制砂在建筑行业的更广阔应用,进而有效减缓天然砂资源短缺的问题,通过混凝土抗压强度、动弹性模量和干燥收缩试验等宏观性能测试和扫描电镜测试、压汞测试及显微硬度测试等微观测试方法,探讨养护条件和砂型对混凝土力学性能及干缩性能的影响规律及相应机理。试验结果表明:无论采用河砂还是机制砂,蒸养混凝土相较标养混凝土具有更高的早期力学性能和更低的干燥收缩,但高温导致水化产物分布不均,阻碍了后续的水化反应,使其后期力学性能出现不同程度的劣化。结合微观测试结果可知,孔径粗化、界面过渡区间隙增大和水化产物结构疏松是造成蒸养混凝土后期性能劣化的主要原因,但采用机制砂替代河砂能有效减弱蒸养热伤损效应产生的劣化影响。此外,蒸养机制砂混凝土相较蒸养河砂混凝土具有更高的力学性能和更优的微观结构,具体表现为:蒸养机制砂混凝土孔结构更加细化,界面过渡区间隙更小,同时基体显微硬度均值更高,整体密实度更高。但小于50 nm毛细孔增加将导致蒸养机制砂混凝土干缩变形增大。基于GL 2000收缩模型,通过引入考虑机制砂的影响因子,建立了蒸养机制砂混凝土干燥收缩预测模型,可较准确且有效地进行蒸养机制砂混凝土的干燥收缩预测。

石灰石粉作为矿物掺合料对机制砂混凝土力学性能及耐久性的影响

石灰石粉可作为机制砂细粉料或矿物掺合料两种途径掺入混凝土中,然而两种不同掺入途径对混凝土的配合比设计及其性能影响截然不同。基于我国某桥梁工程机制砂混凝土的实际应用需求与服役环境特征,通过测试不同石灰石粉掺量下的机制砂混凝土工作性、抗压强度与氯离子扩散系数,对石灰石粉作为单一矿物掺合料制备承台、挡土墙和索塔用机制砂混凝土的可行性进行了分析。研究结果表明:随着石粉掺量增加,机制砂混凝土的抗压强度性能呈现下降趋势,可降低水胶比以保障混凝土强度;石粉会提高C30机制砂混凝土的氯离子迁移系数,但对C50机制砂混凝土的氯离子迁移系数影响较小。初步认为石粉作为矿物掺合料用于不同类型机制砂混凝土具有可行性,更高掺量的石粉对机制砂混凝土耐久性的影响有待进一步探究。

石粉对轨道交通工程用机制砂混凝土性能的影响研究

研究了石粉含量对轨道工程用C20、C35、C50机制砂混凝土性能的影响及石粉含量的合理范围。结果表明:对于工作性和抗压强度,机制砂混凝土的强度等级越高,石粉的最佳含量越小,C20机制砂混凝土的石粉含量宜为10%~20%,C35宜为5%~10%,C50宜为5%以内;对于早期抗裂性能,C35机制砂混凝土的石粉含量宜控制在3%~7%,C50宜控制在5%以内;对于抗氯离子渗透性能,C35机制砂混凝土的石粉含量宜控制在5%~15%,C50机制砂混凝土的性能受石粉含量的影响较小;对于抗冻性能,当石粉含量在5%以内时,C35机制砂混凝土的抗冻性能变化不明显,超过5%后,抗冻性能下降,石粉含量对C50机制砂混凝土抗冻性能的影响不明显。

粗骨料取代率对机制砂再生混凝土高温性能的影响

为探究不同粗骨料取代率对机制砂再生混凝土(RCM)高温性能的影响,以不同粗骨料取代率(0%、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%,质量分数)制备RCM并研究其单面受高温后的表面形貌、质量损失率、抗压强度、荷载变形曲线及微观形貌。结果表明,粗骨料取代率在40%~60%时,在低于600℃的高温试验下RCM表现良好。当温度在200℃时,各组试块表面形貌变化不大,质量损失率较小,抗压强度略微上升;当温度在400℃时,各组试块表面开始出现裂缝,质量损失率为4.35%~6.47%,抗压强度开始下降,此时粗骨料取代率影响不大;当温度达到600℃时,表面形貌变化明显,质量损失率上升到6.42%~8.70%,抗压强度最终降低到基准强度的80%左右,此时粗骨料取代率在40%~60%的试块表现良好;当温度达到800℃时,各组试块表面形貌变化进一步加剧,粗骨料取代率大于60%的试块受影响非常明显,同时各类性能参数表明混凝土已完全丧失工作性能。

隧道洞渣加工机制砂制备超高性能混凝土及其力学性能研究

采用隧道洞渣加工机制砂替代传统河砂制备超高性能混凝土(UHPC)。研究不同替代率对其工作性能、干缩、抗折强度、抗压强度和微观性能的影响规律。结果表明:机制砂替代河砂,其工作性能尽管存在一定程度的下降,但依然具备良好的工作性能;机制砂替代掺量为40%时,相应抗压强度和抗折强度均最优;UHPC微观形貌受机制砂影响显著,随着机制砂替代率的增大,UHPC微观孔隙和裂缝逐渐增加。机制砂粗糙的表面和不规则边缘更利于与水泥浆体紧密连接,不规则边缘构造在机制砂颗粒间产生互锁效应,能够进一步增强水泥浆体和骨料的机械咬合力。但是,钢纤维与机制砂界面过渡区微观结构相对疏松,且含有较多微孔洞,使得该处具有较弱的桥接能力,从而导致整体抗折强度的降低。总而言之,洞渣加工机制砂替代传统河砂制备UH-PC是一个行之有效的策略。

机制砂对隧道衬砌混凝土收缩性能的影响

使用机制砂制备铁路隧道衬砌混凝土是未来发展趋势,衬砌混凝土是隧道工程的重要组成部分,而由于混凝土收缩导致的环向裂缝是其常见缺陷,因此,研究采用机制砂后的衬砌混凝土收缩性能对保障隧道工程质量有重要意义。本研究对强度等级为C40的花岗岩机制砂混凝土(GSC)、凝灰岩机制砂混凝土(TSC)和河砂混凝土(RSC)的工作性能、抗压强度、收缩性能、早期抗裂性能进行了对比试验研究,并结合水分蒸发量和孔结构进行了内在机理分析。研究结果表明:在相同外加剂掺量下,两种机制砂混凝土的工作性能与河砂混凝土相近,较河砂混凝土具有更好的保坍性;机制砂混凝土的抗压强度可以满足设计要求,且凝灰岩机制砂混凝土在各龄期均较河砂混凝土表现出更高的抗压强度;若早期良好养护,机制砂不会增加混凝土的收缩,花岗岩机制砂还能显著降低收缩;若早期缺乏良好养护,两种机制砂均会增加混凝土早期收缩,早期抗裂性能也下降,增加衬砌混凝土环向开裂风险。

机制砂混凝土的力学性能及体积变形试验研究

对比研究了相同配合比条件下,机制砂和天然砂对C35混凝土的力学性能及体积变形的影响。结果表明:机制砂混凝土的力学性能明显优于天然砂混凝土;180 d时,机制砂混凝土的抗压强度较天然砂混凝土提高了15.3%,劈裂抗拉强度提高了4.3%;90 d时,机制砂混凝土的静弹性模量较天然砂混凝土提高了5.8%;机制砂混凝土的体积变形明显大于天然砂混凝土,180 d时,机制砂混凝土较天然砂混凝土的自收缩增大了约16.4%;机制砂中石粉掺量不宜过大,否则会显著增大混凝土的收缩开裂。

机制砂全再生粗骨料混凝土的力学性能

为探究骨料类型、水灰比与石粉含量对机制砂全再生粗骨料混凝土力学性能的影响,制备了不同石粉质量分数(5%、10%和15%)和不同水灰比(0.50、0.37和0.32)的全再生骨料混凝土试件.以72个立方体试件用于抗压强度试验,72个圆柱体试件用于弹性模量试验.结果表明,合理的石粉含量能有效提高再生骨料混凝土的力学性能,但在不同的水灰比下,最佳石粉含量存在差异;当水灰比和石粉含量双因素交互作用时,水灰比为0.32、石粉质量分数为15%的再生混凝土力学性能达到最优.构建了机制砂再生粗骨料混凝土抗压强度、弹性模量与水灰比、石粉含量的关系模型,计算结果的标准差与离散系数均不超过5%,模型精度良好.研究成果可为提高再生骨料混凝土力学性能及其工程应用提供理论依据.

高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土配制技术

根据重庆某钢管拱桥结构特征与“泵送顶升压注法”施工工艺特点,提出了高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土性能需求。针对高强与超高工作性的矛盾问题,通过配合比参数优化、骨料优化、矿物掺合料复掺优化、外加剂复配优化和配合比综合优化等技术,配制出初始坍落度≥260 mm、扩展度≥600 mm、倒坍落度筒流出时间≤8 s、4 h工作性基本无损失、强度等级达C60以上的钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土,形成了高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土的配制技术,为工程实际施工提供了良好的技术支撑。