Analysis of Dual-Core Type City and Its Hinterland Contact Pattern under the Background of High-Speed Rail Networking—Urban Agglomeration in Zhejiang Province as an Example

Under the background of high-speed rail networking, this paper uses the passenger trains, the type and direction of the railway via Hang Yong and its extension road line, to construct adsorption and dependency index among cities, depict the contact pattern between the Hang Yong dual-core and its hinterland, measure the “net effect” that two center cities (Hangzhou, Ningbo) have on their hinterland, and estimate population agglomeration potential and future possible population flows of Zhejiang Province and the main sample cities. The result shows that, compared with Ningbo, Hangzhou has stronger radiation force to the vast majority of sample cities, and the sample cities affected more by Ningbo mainly concentrates in Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou along;in addition, the sample cities such as Hangzhou, Ningbo and so on show better population agglomeration, then the population “scramble” phenomenon between cities has begun to appear.

Contact pattern,current immune barrier,and pathogen virulence determines the optimal strategy of further vaccination

Background:The current outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 has caused a seriousdisease burden worldwide.Vaccines are an important factor to sustain the epidemic.Although with a relatively high-vaccination worldwide,the decay of vaccine efficacy andthe arising of new variants lead us to the challenge of maintaining a sufficient immunebarrier to protect the population.Method:A case-contact tracking data in Hunan,China,is used to estimate the contactpattern of cases for scenarios including school,workspace,etc,rather than ordinary susceptible population.Based on the estimated vaccine coverage and efficacy,a multi-groupvaccinated-exposed-presymptomatic-symptomatic-asymptomatic-removed model(VEFIAR)with 8 age groups,with each partitioned into 4 vaccination status groups isdeveloped.The optimal dose-wise vaccinating strategy is optimized based on the currentlyestimated immunity barrier of coverage and efficacy,using the greedy algorithm thatminimizes the cumulative cases,population size of hospitalization and fatality respectivelyin a certain future interval.Parameters of Delta and Omicron variants are used respectivelyin the optimization.Results:The estimated contact matrices of cases showed a concentration on middle ages,and has compatible magnitudes compared to estimations from contact surveys in otherstudies.The VEFIAR model is numerically stable.The optimal controled vaccination strategy requires immediate vaccination on the un-vaccinated high-contact population of age30e39 to reduce the cumulative cases,and is stable with different basic reproductionnumbers(R_(0)).As for minimizing hospitalization and fatality,the optimized strategy requires vaccination on the un-vaccinated of both aged 30e39 of high contact frequencyand the vulnerable older.Conclusion:The objective of reducing transmission requires vaccination in age groups ofthe highest contact frequency,with more priority for un-vaccinated than un-fully or fullyvaccinated.The objective of reducing total hospitalization and fatality requires not only toreduce transmission but also to protect the vulnerable older.The priority changes byvaccination progress.For any region,if the local contact pattern is available,then with thevaccination coverage,efficacy,and disease characteristics of relative risks in heterogeneouspopulations,the optimal dose-wise vaccinating process will be obtained and gives hintsfor decision-making.

弧齿锥齿轮TCA接触印痕与传动误差协同求解方法研究

弧齿锥齿轮齿面接触分析(Tooth contact analysis,TCA)可以精确计算得到反映传动性能的重要评价指标接触印痕以及传递误差。然而由于存在强烈的非线性和数值耦合关系,导致求解精度差、效率低和稳定性差。因此,提出了一种同时考虑接触印痕与传动误差的TCA协同求解新方法。首先基于啮合原理进行齿面参数化表达,同时在三维坐标空间中利用旋转矩阵模拟齿轮副的啮合运动进行接触轨迹和传递误差求解;再根据数值齿面的曲率特征,进行接触印痕精确解析求解。算例结果验证了本文所提方法的可行性。

基于ALE方法的加筋圆柱壳水下接触爆炸计算研究

随着水下制导技术的发展,接触爆炸对水下结构的毁伤问题越加受到关注。为研究加筋圆柱壳结构水下接触爆炸毁伤特性,采用LS-DYNA软件的任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)方法模拟爆炸冲击波的形成、传播及其对圆柱壳结构的毁伤过程,探讨水下接触爆炸作用下单、双层加筋圆柱壳的毁伤响应特性,并分析不同药量和爆距条件下加筋圆柱壳的破坏模式。研究结果表明:在不同药量和爆距的水下接触爆炸条件下,加筋圆柱壳呈现多种破坏模式,加筋和加肋位置处易出现撕裂状破口,板壳结构的破坏主要表现为凹陷变形及沿着加筋位置处扩展的裂纹,其中爆距对破坏模式的影响更明显。本文结果可为水下接触爆炸冲击波作用下水下航行体结构强度分析和防护设计提供参考。

基于双柔性电极模拟叉指图案电极的液体介电泳研究

介电泳通过非均匀电场作用于介电液体内偶极子影响表面润湿性,实现液滴接触角可调,克服了电润湿效应的接触角饱和限制,但其驱动电极需图案化处理,难以实现实用的三维可调光学器件.本文采用外裹绝缘介电层且互不导通的双柔性电极缠绕于平板基底形成二维平面线墙,模拟叉指图案电极以驱动液体介电泳,给出了“液滴-叉指平面线墙”模型的接触角与电压理论关系.在0—250 V_(rms)电压范围内实验测量的接触角变化可达32°,符合上述理论关系,为构造液体介电泳三维可调光学器件提供了理论和实验基础.

乒乓球运动者正手弧圈球不同触地模式的下肢生物力学变化

背景:探讨基于步法的足部触地模式对乒乓球运动中下肢关节运动特征的影响,可为指导下肢训练提供科学依据。目的:对比乒乓球运动中不同触地模式下的运动学和动力学差异。方法:使用动作捕捉和三维测力台同步采集17名专业乒乓球运动员在正常触地和全脚掌触地模式下优势侧下肢的运动学和动力学数据。配对样本t检验用于分析关节角度、地面反作用力、关节反作用力和关节力矩等离散指标的统计学差异;统计参数映射用于分析足底压力中心移动轨迹和膝关节力矩等时间序列数据的统计学差异。结果与结论:①正常触地模式下的膝关节内翻、侧向地面反作用力、膝关节垂直反作用力和伸膝力矩峰值显著高于全脚掌触地模式;②在足底压力中心移动距离中的89%-91%运动阶段,正常触地模式压力中心显著远于全脚掌触地模式;③在X轴力矩曲线中的23%-38%运动阶段,正常触地模式的伸膝力矩显著大于全脚掌触地模式;④在Y轴力矩曲线的8%-18%运动阶段,全脚掌触地模式显著大于正常触地模式。通过对比不同触地模式的下肢生物力学特征值和统计参数映射分析结果,认为全脚掌触地模式可能是影响乒乓球运动表现的重要因素。乒乓球运动中需要针对性地对触地模式进行调整和练习,避免使用全脚掌触地模式,提升乒乓球运动者下肢运动能力。

航空弧齿锥齿轮接触印痕主动设计与试验验证

以某航空发动机弧齿锥齿轮箱为研究对象,提出了一套锥齿轮接触印痕主动设计的方法。首先,基于弧齿锥齿轮宏观参数和GEMS软件,进行齿面设计,得到齿轮副精确齿面;其次,考虑传动系统受载变形、轴承游隙和加工误差等因素的影响,建立弧齿锥齿轮系统级接触印痕仿真分析模型,得到锥齿轮在工作状态下的接触印痕和振动响应;然后,将上述设计齿面应用于加工,设计试验,将试验得到的接触印痕和振动响应分析结果与理论分析进行对比,验证了仿真分析模型的可靠性;最后,基于该仿真分析模型对上述齿面进行接触印痕优化设计,得到了满足强度和动态性能要求的齿面,形成了弧齿锥齿轮接触印痕主动设计方法。

利用齿面接触印痕逆向确定曲线圆弧齿轮的加工刀盘半径

为了设计出任意齿面接触印痕的曲线圆柱齿轮副,提出了一种根据所需齿面接触印痕尺寸逆向确定加工曲线圆柱齿轮的盘形铣刀半径的方法。首先,介绍了曲线圆柱齿轮副的齿面数学模型;其次,建立了齿面接触印痕计算的数学模型;然后,以4种不同半径的双刃铣刀所加工的曲线圆柱齿轮为例,研究了盘形铣刀半径与齿面接触印痕之间的关系图谱;最后,利用插值法实现盘形铣刀半径的选择。该法可以跳过齿轮的试加工环节,降低了齿轮制造成本,为固定面铣式曲线圆柱齿轮的设计与制造奠定了基础。

第3代新型低碳高合金钢弧齿锥齿轮失效分析

在中央传动调试试验中发生主动弧齿锥齿轮轮齿断裂故障,并连带其他部件产生不同程度损伤。主动弧齿锥齿轮整个圆周的接触印痕偏向小端一侧、靠近齿底,从动弧齿锥齿轮接触印痕分布在小端齿顶部位,印痕已不完整、局部超出工作面。为了排除15Cr14Co12Mo5Ni2钢弧齿锥齿轮试验中发生的断裂故障,对齿轮进行宏观检查、断口分析、组织检查、硬度测试、成分分析、啮合印痕仿真分析与验证,确定了故障齿轮断裂的性质和产生原因。结果表明:主动弧齿锥齿轮为高周疲劳断裂,疲劳起源于小端面与齿凸面根部转接棱角部位,与材质与冶金缺陷无关;在工作过程中存在异常咬合是导致该齿轮产生早期疲劳开裂的主要原因。建议优化齿面加工参数,提高齿轮工作过程中的咬合质量,从而避免此类故障再次发生。

洛阳地铁1号线列车受电弓碳滑板异常磨耗分析与改进研究

[目的]检查发现洛阳地铁1号线自试运营以来存在弓网关系恶劣、正线发生弓网拉弧现象,检查发现受电弓碳滑板上有灼烧点且磨耗严重。为解决受电弓碳滑板异常磨耗问题,须研究弓网异常磨耗原因,并提出解决措施。[方法]重点探讨了弓网技术性能、碳滑板材质、弓网打磨、接触压力、外部气候环境温度及湿度等因素对受电弓和接触网磨耗的影响,探讨了弓网异常磨耗的影响因素和磨耗规律。[结果及结论]研究结果表明,洛阳地铁1号线受电弓碳滑板磨耗为中心偏磨型磨耗,为解决此类磨耗问题,特提出针对性的处理措施和预防建议,包括建立接触网、受电弓的专项台账,借鉴同行对弓网异常磨耗的应对经验,根据弓网磨耗情况优化检修方式,充分运用弓网检测棚等信息化检测设备来提升弓网技术参数的监控和调节效率等。

延伸外摆线准双曲面齿轮啮合特性分析

为了研究延伸外摆线准双曲面齿轮的啮合特性,基于有限元仿真和试验,分析了齿面接触斑点、齿根弯曲应力、重合度和传动误差等啮合特性。结果表明,某一时刻齿面接触区域近似为椭圆形,齿轮啮合过程中,单个齿面上的椭圆形接触面积先增大后减小;大小齿轮齿根危险点均主要承受拉应力,小齿轮危险点先承受拉应力,再承受压应力,而大齿轮危险点则相反;齿轮重合度随载荷的增加而逐渐增大;齿轮传动误差受载荷影响较大,小载荷下传动误差较大,随载荷的增加先减小后增大,最后缓慢减小趋于稳定。文章的研究内容对准双曲面齿轮的设计和使用具有一定指导意义。

基于改进ResNet-18模型的弧齿锥齿轮安装位置偏差分类识别方法研究

针对现有的弧齿锥齿轮安装位置偏差分类识别效率低的问题,使用改进的ResNet-18神经网络构建轻量级弧齿锥齿轮安装位置偏差分类识别模型,改进的网络修改了ResNet-18网络第一卷积层,并引入了通道与空间注意力机制。实验结果表明,改进ResNet-18较原网络对于齿面接触印痕图像的分类准确率提高了3.23%,损失值降低了0.04。该方法为齿轮安装偏差识别提供了新路径,对弧齿锥齿轮总成的安装调整作业提供了一定的指导。

一种简易的单细胞图案化微流控芯片方法与条件优化

目的 解决可控流体刺激下单细胞水平图案化的精准控制问题。方法 结合微接触印刷图案化方法与微流控芯片技术,优化一种简易可拆卸芯片中单细胞图案化策略。首先利用单因素法优化蛋白图案化与细胞图案化步骤,分别改变离子体处理时间、FN包被时间、清洗次数、印章接触时间、F127浓度、F127处理时间、细胞接种时间和细胞密度等,最终得到单细胞图案化最佳参数。然后利用3D打印与真空负压封装,实现微流控芯片可拆可密封,保证图案化细胞与流体剪切力二者都精准可控。结果 根据单因素法条件配比,得到蛋白图案化最佳参数:等离子体氧处理1 min、FN包被30 min、印章接触时间6~24 h、清洗2次。细胞图案化最佳参数:F127浓度2%,处理时间1 h,细胞密度2×10~6mL^(-1),细胞接种时间为15~30 min,单细胞图案有效维持时间6~8 h。基于3D打印模具与真空负压封装的微流控芯片可同时提供两种强度不同的流体剪切力。结论 优化后的单细胞图案化微流控芯片方法为图案化驱动的多细胞体系与力学环境耦合机制提供较为理想的实验平台。

Separation of contact stress components by moire interferometry

A hybrid technique of combining moire measurement and analytical solution is developed to separate the normal and the tangential components of distributed contact stresses between two co-plane bodies. The moire interfe-rometry offers the displacement fields near the deformed contact zone, from which the tangential strains and boundary slopes of the deformed configurations can be evaluated. Those experimental results provide boundary conditions for the discrete integration of Flamant＇s solutions, to inversely compute the separated components of the contact stresses.

Source-Contacting Gas: Accumulation Mechanism and Distribution in China

Source-contacting gas, which is also called basin-center gas, deep basin gas, is the tight-sand gas accumulation contacting closely to its source rocks. Having different accumulation mechanisms from conventional gas reservoirs that are formed by replacement way, the typical source-contacting gas reservoirs are formed by piston-typed migration forward way. Source-contacting gas accumulations exhibit a series of distinctly mechanic characteristics. According to the valid combination of these characteristics, the estimation for the type of discovered gas reservoirs or distributions of source-contacting gas reservoirs can be forecasted. The source-contacting gas is special for having no edge water or bottom water for gas and complicated gas-water relationships, which emphasizes the intimate association of reservoir rocks with source rocks, which is called the root of the gas reservoir. There are many basins having the mechanic conditions for source-contacting gas accumulations in China, which can be divided into three regions. Most of the basins with favorable accumulation conditions are located mainly in the central and western China. According to the present data, basins having source-contacting gas accumulations in China can be divided into three types, accumulation conditions and configuration relationships are the best in type A basins and they are the larger basins in central China. Type B basins with plain accumulation conditions exist primarily in eastern China and also the basins in western China. Accumulation conditions and exploration futures are worse in type C basins, which refer mainly to the small basins in southern China and China Sea basins. Main source-contacting gas basins in China are thoroughly discussed in this paper and the distribution patterns of source-contacting gas in five huge basins are discussed and forecasted.

致密砂岩气藏复杂气-水关系形成和分布主控因素及分布模式

近年来大量勘探开发实践发现,致密砂岩气藏普遍产水,气-水关系非常复杂,“避水找气”已成为致密砂岩气藏勘探开发的关键问题。基于简单平缓构造区(鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格和大牛地致密砂岩气藏)、简单平缓-复杂隆起构造过渡区(鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区)和复杂隆起构造区(四川盆地川西地区致密气藏)气-水关系的综合地质分析,结合岩心和孔隙尺度致密砂岩气-水关系形成和分布物理模拟,明确了致密砂岩气藏气-水分布关系的类型和特征,揭示了砂体、岩心和孔隙尺度复杂气-水关系形成和分布主控因素,建立了气-水分布模式。研究指出:致密砂岩气藏气-水关系在砂体尺度上主要存在纯气无水型、上气下水正常型、上水下气倒置型、气-水同层混合型、气包水孤立型和纯水无气型等6种类型。在砂体尺度下,生烃强度控制了气-水分布范围,储层非均质性控制了气-水分布样式,源-储压差和构造活动联合控制了气-水分布边界;在岩心尺度下,渗透率和充注动力耦合控制了气-水关系形成和分布的临界条件;在孔隙尺度下,孔喉大小和配位数与充注压力耦合控制了流体赋存和渗流特征,决定了气-水关系形成和分布的临界条件。不同源-储组合的致密气藏,受砂体、岩心和孔隙尺度主控因素共同作用及其差异的影响,其气-水分布模式不同。

准双曲面齿轮实际齿面接触分析与调整计算

为了对准双曲面齿轮实际齿面的接触区进行调整修正,基于齿面测量结果,对大、小轮齿面进行了双三次样条曲面拟合。采用齿面点二维黄金分割加密方法,编制了离散齿面接触分析算法,获得了实际齿面的啮合信息和接触印痕调整参数,为机床加工参数的反调修正提供了依据。对某车桥准双曲面齿轮副进行了实际齿面滚检试验,仿真分析与实际滚检结果基本一致,验证了所提出算法的可行性和正确性。

An AI-empowered indoor digital contact tracing system for COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes

An AI-empowered indoor digital contact-tracing system was developed using a centralized architecture and advanced low-energy Bluetooth technologies for indoor positioning,with careful preservation of privacy and data security.We analyzed the contact pattern data from two RCHs and investigated a COVID-19 outbreak in one study site.To evaluate the effectiveness of the system in containing outbreaks with minimal contacts under quarantine,a simulation study was conducted to compare the impact of different quarantine strategies on outbreak containment within RCHs.The significant difference in contact hours between weekdays and weekends was observed for some pairs of RCH residents and staff during the two-week data collection period.No significant difference between secondary cases and uninfected contacts was observed in a COVID-19 outbreak in terms of their demographics and contact patterns.Simulation results based on the collected contact data indicated that a threshold of accumulative contact hours one or two days prior to diagnosis of the index case could dramatically increase the efficiency of outbreak containment within RCHs by targeted isolation of the close contacts.This study demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of employing an AI-empowered system in indoor digital contact tracing of outbreaks in RCHs in the post-pandemic era.

Genomic insights into hybridization in a localized region of sympatry between pewee sister species(Contopus sordidulus × C. virens) and their chromosomal patterns of differentiation

Background: The Great Plains of the United States includes a large number of hybrid and contact zones between bird species. The amount of gene flow between sister species in these zones ranges from very rare hybridization events to widespread and prevalent introgression. Some of these avian systems have been studied extensively, while others have been indeterminate of whether hybridization exists in areas of sympatry. Using genomic-level approaches allows investigation of genomic patterns of hybridization and gene flow between species—or lack thereof.Methods: We investigated a narrow zone of sympatry in Nebraska, USA between pewee species(Contopus sordidulus and C. virens), for which no hybridization has been confirmed. We used thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms to identify potential hybridization and investigate genomic patterns of differentiation between these two species.Results: We found evidence of multiple hybrid individuals in the contact zone. Little genomic variation was fixed between species, but a large proportion had differentiated allele frequencies between species. There was a positive relationship between genetic differentiation and chromosome size.Conclusions: We provided the first conclusive evidence of hybridization between C. sordidulus and C. virens, in a region where secondary contact likely occurred due to human disturbance and habitat modification. The genomic patterns of differentiation affirm that these species split in the relatively recent past. Finally, the relationship of chromosome size and genetic differentiation may have resulted from differential rates of chromosomal recombination in songbirds and genetic differentiation between species largely due to genetic drift(possibly in concert with selection).

高筋薄板构件多自由度摆动辗压成形规律与工艺研究

高筋薄板构件多自由度摆动辗压成形过程中金属流动十分复杂,导致高筋薄板构件筋高分布十分不均匀。根据双偏心套型摆动辗压机运动原理,探究摆动模做圆轨迹和螺旋线轨迹运动时摆动模与坯料的接触模式演化规律,提出了接触区形状数学计算方法。采用有限元模拟仿真技术揭示摆动模做圆轨迹和螺旋线轨迹运动时高筋薄板构件摆动辗压成形金属流动规律以及高筋生长规律,阐明摆动模运动、接触区变化、金属流动和高筋生长之间的关联关系。在此基础上,开展高筋薄板构件摆动辗压成形工艺试验,实现高筋薄板构件摆动辗压成形。研究结果表明,相比圆轨迹运动,摆动模做螺旋线轨迹运动能够减弱金属径向和切向流动,增强金属轴向流动能力,从而有效提高高筋薄板构件摆动碾压成形过程中金属轴向流动的均匀性,获得筋高分布均匀的高筋薄板构件。