Biopolymer composite has gained huge attention for its beneficial properties such as biodegradable and less impact to the environment.This consequently would diminish the dependency on the petroleum-based polymer.Abun...Biopolymer composite has gained huge attention for its beneficial properties such as biodegradable and less impact to the environment.This consequently would diminish the dependency on the petroleum-based polymer.Abundance of studies have been done on the development and characterization of biopolymer composite materials for food packaging application,but work on the conceptual design of biopolymer composite packaging product is hardly found.Using the Kano Model,Quality Function Deployment for Environment(QFDE),morphological map,and Analytic Hierarchy Method(AHP)framework combination,this paper presents the conceptual design of a natural fibre reinforced biopolymer composites take-out food container.To understand customer satisfaction with the current use of takeout food containers,the Kano model was applied,and the findings were integrated into QFDE.The highest weight of voices of customer and environment(VOCE)as the solution parameters for the design characteristics were later refined using the aid of morphological chart(MC)to systematically develop conceptual designs.Lastly,AHP was utilized to pick the final concept design.The concept design with the highest score(8.3%)was chosen as the final conceptual design.展开更多
The development of high-voltage direct current gas-insulated switchgear assemblies(DC GIS)of rated voltages up to±550 kV has been completed.DC GIS provide a compact technical solution with a high functional densi...The development of high-voltage direct current gas-insulated switchgear assemblies(DC GIS)of rated voltages up to±550 kV has been completed.DC GIS provide a compact technical solution with a high functional density,optimized for projects with limited space as in offshore HVDC converter platforms,onshore HVDC converter stations and transition stations between different transmission media.Up to now,no standards for testing of gas-insulated DC systems are available,although pre-standardization work is in progress within CIGRE.Some tests can be performed as required in AC GIS standards.Special aspects of DC voltage stress,like the electric field distribution of insulators influenced by the accumulation of electrical charge carriers and the operation-related inhomogeneous temperature distribution,must be considered by additional electric and thermoelectric tests.For DC GIS,the experience of long-term performance is limited today.Although ageing is expected to be of lower importance,tests are recommended.This contribution summarizes the physical and technical background to design and develop compact DC switchgear assemblies using gas-insulated technology.It explains the developed modules of the substation and gives an overview of the performed tests.Furthermore,it provides an insight in the on-going standardization activities and describes applications in converter and transition stations,showing its space-saving characteristics.展开更多
Unearthed from Hemudu ruins of the New Stone Age in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province in 1977, this rectangular-mouthed container belongs to the Hemudu culture. It is carved with a pig pattern on both sides in realist style. A...Unearthed from Hemudu ruins of the New Stone Age in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province in 1977, this rectangular-mouthed container belongs to the Hemudu culture. It is carved with a pig pattern on both sides in realist style. A complete piece, the container has a flat bottom and slightly sloped belly, with a mouth 21.7 cm long and 17.5 cm wide. Most of the artifacts from Hemudu culture are charcoal black pottery. The stem and leaves of the pottery can be seen clearly. The walls of the artifacts are usually thick but porous. The carving lines are rough and the designs are simple and natural, reflecting the ancient people’s love of nature and life. The pig’s four strong feet and backward bristles carved on the container are vivid, with ears sticking out and展开更多
基金The authors would like to express the highest appreciation to the Malaysia Public Service Department(JPA)for the study sponsorship given to the main author and the financial support provided through Universiti Putra Malaysia Grant Scheme HICoE(Vote Number 6369107)from the Ministry of Education Malaysia.
文摘Biopolymer composite has gained huge attention for its beneficial properties such as biodegradable and less impact to the environment.This consequently would diminish the dependency on the petroleum-based polymer.Abundance of studies have been done on the development and characterization of biopolymer composite materials for food packaging application,but work on the conceptual design of biopolymer composite packaging product is hardly found.Using the Kano Model,Quality Function Deployment for Environment(QFDE),morphological map,and Analytic Hierarchy Method(AHP)framework combination,this paper presents the conceptual design of a natural fibre reinforced biopolymer composites take-out food container.To understand customer satisfaction with the current use of takeout food containers,the Kano model was applied,and the findings were integrated into QFDE.The highest weight of voices of customer and environment(VOCE)as the solution parameters for the design characteristics were later refined using the aid of morphological chart(MC)to systematically develop conceptual designs.Lastly,AHP was utilized to pick the final concept design.The concept design with the highest score(8.3%)was chosen as the final conceptual design.
基金supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, Germany (FKZ:03ET7511C)the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Regional Development and Energy (FKZ:IET-1208-0018)
文摘The development of high-voltage direct current gas-insulated switchgear assemblies(DC GIS)of rated voltages up to±550 kV has been completed.DC GIS provide a compact technical solution with a high functional density,optimized for projects with limited space as in offshore HVDC converter platforms,onshore HVDC converter stations and transition stations between different transmission media.Up to now,no standards for testing of gas-insulated DC systems are available,although pre-standardization work is in progress within CIGRE.Some tests can be performed as required in AC GIS standards.Special aspects of DC voltage stress,like the electric field distribution of insulators influenced by the accumulation of electrical charge carriers and the operation-related inhomogeneous temperature distribution,must be considered by additional electric and thermoelectric tests.For DC GIS,the experience of long-term performance is limited today.Although ageing is expected to be of lower importance,tests are recommended.This contribution summarizes the physical and technical background to design and develop compact DC switchgear assemblies using gas-insulated technology.It explains the developed modules of the substation and gives an overview of the performed tests.Furthermore,it provides an insight in the on-going standardization activities and describes applications in converter and transition stations,showing its space-saving characteristics.
文摘Unearthed from Hemudu ruins of the New Stone Age in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province in 1977, this rectangular-mouthed container belongs to the Hemudu culture. It is carved with a pig pattern on both sides in realist style. A complete piece, the container has a flat bottom and slightly sloped belly, with a mouth 21.7 cm long and 17.5 cm wide. Most of the artifacts from Hemudu culture are charcoal black pottery. The stem and leaves of the pottery can be seen clearly. The walls of the artifacts are usually thick but porous. The carving lines are rough and the designs are simple and natural, reflecting the ancient people’s love of nature and life. The pig’s four strong feet and backward bristles carved on the container are vivid, with ears sticking out and
