A multilayer network diffusion-based model for reviewer recommendation

With the rapid growth of manuscript submissions,finding eligible reviewers for every submission has become a heavy task.Recommender systems are powerful tools developed in computer science and information science to deal with this problem.However,most existing approaches resort to text mining techniques to match manuscripts with potential reviewers,which require high-quality textual information to perform well.In this paper,we propose a reviewer recommendation algorithm based on a network diffusion process on a scholar-paper multilayer network,with no requirement for textual information.The network incorporates the relationship of scholar-paper pairs,the collaboration among scholars,and the bibliographic coupling among papers.Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms other state-of-the-art recommendation methods that use graph random walk and matrix factorization and methods that use machine learning and natural language processing,with improvements of over 7.62%in recall,5.66%in hit rate,and 47.53%in ranking score.Our work sheds light on the effectiveness of multilayer network diffusion-based methods in the reviewer recommendation problem,which will help to facilitate the peer-review process and promote information retrieval research in other practical scenes.

An Adaptive Program Recommendation System for Multi-User Sharing Environment

More and more accounts or devices are shared by multiple users in video applications,which makes it difficult to provide recommendation service.Existing recommendation schemes overlook multiuser sharing scenarios,and they cannot make effective use of the mixed information generated by multi-user when exploring users’potential interests.To solve these problems,this paper proposes an adaptive program recommendation system for multi-user sharing environment.Specifically,we first design an offline periodic identification module by building multi-user features and periodically predicting target user in future sessions,which can separate the profile of target user from mixed log records.Subsequently,an online recommendation module with adaptive timevarying exploration strategy is constructed by jointly using personal information and multi-user social information provided by identification module.On one hand,to learn the dynamic changes in user-interest,a time-varying linear upper confidence bound(LinUCB)based on personal information is designed.On the other hand,to reduce the risk of exploration,a timeinvariant LinUCB based on separated multi-user social information from one account/device is proposed to compute the quality scores of programs for each user,which is integrated into the time-varying LinUCB by cross-weighting strategy.Finally,experimental results validate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.

Improving Diversity with Multi-Loss Adversarial Training in Personalized News Recommendation

Users’interests are often diverse and multi-grained,with their underlying intents even more so.Effectively captur-ing users’interests and uncovering the relationships between diverse interests are key to news recommendation.Meanwhile,diversity is an important metric for evaluating news recommendation algorithms,as users tend to reject excessive homogeneous information in their recommendation lists.However,recommendation models themselves lack diversity awareness,making it challenging to achieve a good balance between the accuracy and diversity of news recommendations.In this paper,we propose a news recommendation algorithm that achieves good performance in both accuracy and diversity.Unlike most existing works that solely optimize accuracy or employ more features to meet diversity,the proposed algorithm leverages the diversity-aware capability of the model.First,we introduce an augmented user model to fully capture user intent and the behavioral guidance they might undergo as a result.Specifically,we focus on the relationship between the original clicked news and the augmented clicked news.Moreover,we propose an effective adversarial training method for diversity(AT4D),which is a pluggable component that can enhance both the accuracy and diversity of news recommendation results.Extensive experiments on real-world datasets confirm the efficacy of the proposed algorithm in improving both the accuracy and diversity of news recommendations.

Urban Traffic Control Meets Decision Recommendation System:A Survey and Perspective

Urban traffic control is a multifaceted and demanding task that necessitates extensive decision-making to ensure the safety and efficiency of urban transportation systems.Traditional approaches require traffic signal professionals to manually intervene on traffic control devices at the intersection level,utilizing their knowledge and expertise.However,this process is cumbersome,labor-intensive,and cannot be applied on a large network scale.Recent studies have begun to explore the applicability of recommendation system for urban traffic control,which offer increased control efficiency and scalability.Such a decision recommendation system is complex,with various interdependent components,but a systematic literature review has not yet been conducted.In this work,we present an up-to-date survey that elucidates all the detailed components of a recommendation system for urban traffic control,demonstrates the utility and efficacy of such a system in the real world using data and knowledgedriven approaches,and discusses the current challenges and potential future directions of this field.

Recommendation Method for Contrastive Enhancement of Neighborhood Information

Knowledge graph can assist in improving recommendation performance and is widely applied in various person-alized recommendation domains.However,existing knowledge-aware recommendation methods face challenges such as weak user-item interaction supervisory signals and noise in the knowledge graph.To tackle these issues,this paper proposes a neighbor information contrast-enhanced recommendation method by adding subtle noise to construct contrast views and employing contrastive learning to strengthen supervisory signals and reduce knowledge noise.Specifically,first,this paper adopts heterogeneous propagation and knowledge-aware attention networks to obtain multi-order neighbor embedding of users and items,mining the high-order neighbor informa-tion of users and items.Next,in the neighbor information,this paper introduces weak noise following a uniform distribution to construct neighbor contrast views,effectively reducing the time overhead of view construction.This paper then performs contrastive learning between neighbor views to promote the uniformity of view information,adjusting the neighbor structure,and achieving the goal of reducing the knowledge noise in the knowledge graph.Finally,this paper introduces multi-task learning to mitigate the problem of weak supervisory signals.To validate the effectiveness of our method,experiments are conducted on theMovieLens-1M,MovieLens-20M,Book-Crossing,and Last-FM datasets.The results showthat compared to the best baselines,our method shows significant improvements in AUC and F1.

The use of oral human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis in pregnant and lactating women in sub-Saharan Africa:considerations,barriers,and recommendations

In sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),63%of new human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections in 2021 were among women,particularly adolescent girls,and young women.There is a high incidence of HIV among pregnant and lactating women(PLW)in SSA.It is estimated that the risk of HIV-acquisition during pregnancy and the postpartum period more than doubles.In this article,we discuss the safety and effectiveness of drugs used for oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP),considerations for initiating PrEP in PLW,the barriers to initiating and adhering to PrEP among them and suggest recommendations to address these barriers.Tenofovir/emtricitabine,the most widely used combination in SSA,is safe,clinically effective,and cost-effective among PLW.Any PLW who requests PrEP and has no medical contraindications should receive it.PrEP users who are pregnant or lactating may experience barriers to starting and adhering for a variety of reasons,including personal,pill-related,and healthcare facility-related issues.To address the barriers,we recommend an increased provision of information on PrEP to the women and the communities,increasing and/or facilitating access to PrEP among the PLW,and developing strategies to increase adherence.

Recommendation System Based on Perceptron and Graph Convolution Network

The relationship between users and items,which cannot be recovered by traditional techniques,can be extracted by the recommendation algorithm based on the graph convolution network.The current simple linear combination of these algorithms may not be sufficient to extract the complex structure of user interaction data.This paper presents a new approach to address such issues,utilizing the graph convolution network to extract association relations.The proposed approach mainly includes three modules:Embedding layer,forward propagation layer,and score prediction layer.The embedding layer models users and items according to their interaction information and generates initial feature vectors as input for the forward propagation layer.The forward propagation layer designs two parallel graph convolution networks with self-connections,which extract higher-order association relevance from users and items separately by multi-layer graph convolution.Furthermore,the forward propagation layer integrates the attention factor to assign different weights among the hop neighbors of the graph convolution network fusion,capturing more comprehensive association relevance between users and items as input for the score prediction layer.The score prediction layer introduces MLP(multi-layer perceptron)to conduct non-linear feature interaction between users and items,respectively.Finally,the prediction score of users to items is obtained.The recall rate and normalized discounted cumulative gain were used as evaluation indexes.The proposed approach effectively integrates higher-order information in user entries,and experimental analysis demonstrates its superiority over the existing algorithms.

Combined CNN-LSTM Deep Learning Algorithms for Recognizing Human Physical Activities in Large and Distributed Manners:A Recommendation System

Recognizing human activity(HAR)from data in a smartphone sensor plays an important role in the field of health to prevent chronic diseases.Daily and weekly physical activities are recorded on the smartphone and tell the user whether he is moving well or not.Typically,smartphones and their associated sensing devices operate in distributed and unstable environments.Therefore,collecting their data and extracting useful information is a significant challenge.In this context,the aimof this paper is twofold:The first is to analyze human behavior based on the recognition of physical activities.Using the results of physical activity detection and classification,the second part aims to develop a health recommendation system to notify smartphone users about their healthy physical behavior related to their physical activities.This system is based on the calculation of calories burned by each user during physical activities.In this way,conclusions can be drawn about a person’s physical behavior by estimating the number of calories burned after evaluating data collected daily or even weekly following a series of physical workouts.To identify and classify human behavior our methodology is based on artificial intelligence models specifically deep learning techniques like Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),stacked LSTM,and bidirectional LSTM.Since human activity data contains both spatial and temporal information,we proposed,in this paper,to use of an architecture allowing the extraction of the two types of information simultaneously.While Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)has an architecture designed for spatial information,our idea is to combine CNN with LSTM to increase classification accuracy by taking into consideration the extraction of both spatial and temporal data.The results obtained achieved an accuracy of 96%.On the other side,the data learned by these algorithms is prone to error and uncertainty.To overcome this constraint and improve performance(96%),we proposed to use the fusion mechanisms.The last combines deep learning classifiers tomodel non-accurate and ambiguous data to obtain synthetic information to aid in decision-making.The Voting and Dempster-Shafer(DS)approaches are employed.The results showed that fused classifiers based on DS theory outperformed individual classifiers(96%)with the highest accuracy level of 98%.Also,the findings disclosed that participants engaging in physical activities are healthy,showcasing a disparity in the distribution of physical activities between men and women.

LKPNR: Large Language Models and Knowledge Graph for Personalized News Recommendation Framework

Accurately recommending candidate news to users is a basic challenge of personalized news recommendation systems.Traditional methods are usually difficult to learn and acquire complex semantic information in news texts,resulting in unsatisfactory recommendation results.Besides,these traditional methods are more friendly to active users with rich historical behaviors.However,they can not effectively solve the long tail problem of inactive users.To address these issues,this research presents a novel general framework that combines Large Language Models(LLM)and Knowledge Graphs(KG)into traditional methods.To learn the contextual information of news text,we use LLMs’powerful text understanding ability to generate news representations with rich semantic information,and then,the generated news representations are used to enhance the news encoding in traditional methods.In addition,multi-hops relationship of news entities is mined and the structural information of news is encoded using KG,thus alleviating the challenge of long-tail distribution.Experimental results demonstrate that compared with various traditional models,on evaluation indicators such as AUC,MRR,nDCG@5 and nDCG@10,the framework significantly improves the recommendation performance.The successful integration of LLM and KG in our framework has established a feasible way for achieving more accurate personalized news recommendation.Our code is available at https://github.com/Xuan-ZW/LKPNR.

Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation supporting European society for medical oncology clinical practice guidelines

Background:The European Society for Medical Oncology(ESMO)guidelines are among the most comprehensive and widely used clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)globally.However,the level of scientific evidence supporting ESMO CPG recommendations has not been systematically investigated.This study assessed ESMO CPG levels of evidence(LOE)and grades of recommendations(GOR),as well as their trends over time across various cancer settings.Methods:We manually extracted every recommendation with the Infectious Diseases Society of America(IDSA)classification from each CPG.We examined the distribution of LOE and GOR in all available ESMO CPG guidelines across different topics and cancer types.Results:Among the 1,823 recommendations in the current CPG,30%were classified as LOEⅠ,and 43%were classified as GOR A.Overall,there was a slight decrease in LOEⅠ(−2%)and an increase in the proportion of GOR A(+1%)in the current CPG compared to previous versions.The proportion of GOR A recommendations based on higher levels of evidence such as randomized trials(LOEⅠ–Ⅱ)shows a decrease(71%vs.63%,p=0.009)while recommendations based on lower levels of evidence(LOEⅢ–Ⅴ)show an increase(29%vs.37%,p=0.01)between previous and current version.In the current versions,the highest proportion of LOEⅠ(42%)was found in recommendations related to pharmacotherapy,while the highest proportion of GOR A recommendations was found in the areas of pathology(50%)and diagnostic(50%)recommendations.Significant variability in LOEⅠand GOR A recommendations and their changes over time was observed across different cancer types.Conclusion:One-third of the current ESMO CPG recommendations are supported by the highest level of evidence.More well-designed randomized clinical trials are needed to increase the proportion of LOEⅠand GOR A recommendations,ultimately leading to improved outcomes for cancer patients.

Enhancing personalized exercise recommendation with student and exercise portraits

The exercise recommendation system is emerging as a promising application in online learning scenarios,providing personalized recommendations to assist students with explicit learning directions.Existing solutions generally follow a collaborative filtering paradigm,while the implicit connections between students(exercises)have been largely ignored.In this study,we aim to propose an exercise recommendation paradigm that can reveal the latent connections between student-student(exercise-exercise).Specifically,a new framework was proposed,namely personalized exercise recommendation with student and exercise portraits(PERP).It consists of three sequential and interdependent modules:Collaborative student exercise graph(CSEG)construction,joint random walk,and recommendation list optimization.Technically,CSEG is created as a unified heterogeneous graph with students’response behaviors and student(exercise)relationships.Then,a joint random walk to take full advantage of the spectral properties of nearly uncoupled Markov chains is performed on CSEG,which allows for full exploration of both similar exercises that students have finished and connections between students(exercises)with similar portraits.Finally,we propose to optimize the recommendation list to obtain different exercise suggestions.After analyses of two public datasets,the results demonstrated that PERP can satisfy novelty,accuracy,and diversity.

Enhancing Multicriteria-Based Recommendations by Alleviating Scalability and Sparsity Issues Using Collaborative Denoising Autoencoder

A Recommender System(RS)is a crucial part of several firms,particularly those involved in e-commerce.In conventional RS,a user may only offer a single rating for an item-that is insufficient to perceive consumer preferences.Nowadays,businesses in industries like e-learning and tourism enable customers to rate a product using a variety of factors to comprehend customers’preferences.On the other hand,the collaborative filtering(CF)algorithm utilizing AutoEncoder(AE)is seen to be effective in identifying user-interested items.However,the cost of these computations increases nonlinearly as the number of items and users increases.To triumph over the issues,a novel expanded stacked autoencoder(ESAE)with Kernel Fuzzy C-Means Clustering(KFCM)technique is proposed with two phases.In the first phase of offline,the sparse multicriteria rating matrix is smoothened to a complete matrix by predicting the users’intact rating by the ESAE approach and users are clustered using the KFCM approach.In the next phase of online,the top-N recommendation prediction is made by the ESAE approach involving only the most similar user from multiple clusters.Hence the ESAE_KFCM model upgrades the prediction accuracy of 98.2%in Top-N recommendation with a minimized recommendation generation time.An experimental check on the Yahoo!Movies(YM)movie dataset and TripAdvisor(TA)travel dataset confirmed that the ESAE_KFCM model constantly outperforms conventional RS algorithms on a variety of assessment measures.

Weighted Forwarding in Graph Convolution Networks for Recommendation Information Systems

Recommendation Information Systems(RIS)are pivotal in helping users in swiftly locating desired content from the vast amount of information available on the Internet.Graph Convolution Network(GCN)algorithms have been employed to implement the RIS efficiently.However,the GCN algorithm faces limitations in terms of performance enhancement owing to the due to the embedding value-vanishing problem that occurs during the learning process.To address this issue,we propose a Weighted Forwarding method using the GCN(WF-GCN)algorithm.The proposed method involves multiplying the embedding results with different weights for each hop layer during graph learning.By applying the WF-GCN algorithm,which adjusts weights for each hop layer before forwarding to the next,nodes with many neighbors achieve higher embedding values.This approach facilitates the learning of more hop layers within the GCN framework.The efficacy of the WF-GCN was demonstrated through its application to various datasets.In the MovieLens dataset,the implementation of WF-GCN in LightGCN resulted in significant performance improvements,with recall and NDCG increasing by up to+163.64%and+132.04%,respectively.Similarly,in the Last.FM dataset,LightGCN using WF-GCN enhanced with WF-GCN showed substantial improvements,with the recall and NDCG metrics rising by up to+174.40%and+169.95%,respectively.Furthermore,the application of WF-GCN to Self-supervised Graph Learning(SGL)and Simple Graph Contrastive Learning(SimGCL)also demonstrated notable enhancements in both recall and NDCG across these datasets.

Video Recommendation System Using Machine-Learning Techniques

In the realm of contemporary artificial intelligence,machine learning enables automation,allowing systems to naturally acquire and enhance their capabilities through learning.In this cycle,Video recommendation is finished by utilizing machine learning strategies.A suggestion framework is an interaction of data sifting framework,which is utilized to foresee the“rating”or“inclination”given by the different clients.The expectation depends on past evaluations,history,interest,IMDB rating,and so on.This can be carried out by utilizing collective and substance-based separating approaches which utilize the data given by the different clients,examine them,and afterward suggest the video that suits the client at that specific time.The required datasets for the video are taken from Grouplens.This recommender framework is executed by utilizing Python Programming Language.For building this video recommender framework,two calculations are utilized,for example,K-implies Clustering and KNN grouping.K-implies is one of the unaided AI calculations and the fundamental goal is to bunch comparable sort of information focuses together and discover the examples.For that K-implies searches for a steady‘k'of bunches in a dataset.A group is an assortment of information focuses collected due to specific similitudes.K-Nearest Neighbor is an administered learning calculation utilized for characterization,with the given information;KNN can group new information by examination of the‘k'number of the closest information focuses.The last qualities acquired are through bunching qualities and root mean squared mistake,by using this algorithm we can recommend videos more appropriately based on user previous records and ratings.

Chest Radiography: General Practitioners’ Compliance with Recommendations

Introduction: Chest radiography is the most frequently prescribed imaging test in general practice in France. We aimed to assess the extent to which general practitioners follow the recommendations of the French National Authority for Health in prescribing chest radiography. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective analysis study, in two radiology centers belonging to the same group in Saint-Omer and Aire-sur-la-Lys, of requests for chest radiography sent by general practitioners over the winter period between December 22, 2013, and March 21, 2014, for patients aged over 18 years. Results: One hundred and seventy-seven requests for chest X-rays were analyzed, 71.75% of which complied with recommendations. The most frequent reason was the search for bronchopulmonary infection, accounting for 70.08% of prescriptions, followed by 11.2% for requests to rule out pulmonary neoplasia, whereas the latter reason did not comply with recommendations. Chest X-rays contributed to a positive diagnosis in 28.81% of cases. The positive diagnosis was given by 36.22% of the recommended chest X-rays, versus 10% for those not recommended. Conclusion: In most cases, general practitioners follow HAS recommendations for prescribing chest X-rays. Non-recommended chest X-rays do not appear to make a major contribution to diagnosis or patient management, confirming the value of following the recommendations of the French National Authority for Health.

Hybrid Scalable Researcher Recommendation System Using Azure Data Lake Analytics

This research paper has provided the methodology and design for implementing the hybrid author recommender system using Azure Data Lake Analytics and Power BI. It offers a recommendation for the top 1000 Authors of computer science in different fields of study. The technique used in this paper is handling the inadequate Information for citation;it removes the problem of cold start, which is encountered by very many other recommender systems. In this paper, abstracts, the titles, and the Microsoft academic graphs have been used in coming up with the recommendation list for every document, which is used to combine the content-based approaches and the co-citations. Prioritization and the blending of every technique have been allowed by the tuning system parameters, allowing for the authority in results of recommendation versus the paper novelty. In the end, we do observe that there is a direct correlation between the similarity rankings that have been produced by the system and the scores of the participant. The results coming from the associated scrips of analysis and the user survey have been made available through the recommendation system. Managers must gain the required expertise to fully utilize the benefits that come with business intelligence systems [1]. Data mining has become an important tool for managers that provides insights about their daily operations and leverage the information provided by decision support systems to improve customer relationships [2]. Additionally, managers require business intelligence systems that can rank the output in the order of priority. Ranking algorithm can replace the traditional data mining algorithms that will be discussed in-depth in the literature review [3].

Vaccination for solid organ transplanted patients:Recommendations,efficacy,and safety

Solid organ transplant recipients face unique challenges in managing their im-munosuppressed status,making vaccination a critical consideration.This review aimed to comprehensively analyze current recommendations,evaluate the effi-cacy of vaccinations in this population,and assess safety concerns.We explored the latest evidence on vaccine types,timing,and potential benefits for transplant patients,highlighting the importance of individualized approaches for routinely used vaccines as well as coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines.By synthesizing avai-lable data,this review underscored the pressing need to optimize vaccination strategies,ensuring that transplant recipients can obtain the full protection against many pathogens while minimizing risks associated with their post-transplant immunosuppression.

Improving Recommendation for Effective Personalization in Context-Aware Data Using Novel Neural Network

The digital technologies that run based on users’content provide a platform for users to help air their opinions on various aspects of a particular subject or product.The recommendation agents play a crucial role in personalizing the needs of individual users.Therefore,it is essential to improve the user experience.The recommender system focuses on recommending a set of items to a user to help the decision-making process and is prevalent across e-commerce and media websites.In Context-Aware Recommender Systems(CARS),several influential and contextual variables are identified to provide an effective recommendation.A substantial trade-off is applied in context to achieve the proper accuracy and coverage required for a collaborative recommendation.The CARS will generate more recommendations utilizing adapting them to a certain contextual situation of users.However,the key issue is how contextual information is used to create good and intelligent recommender systems.This paper proposes an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)to achieve contextual recommendations based on usergenerated reviews.The ability of ANNs to learn events and make decisions based on similar events makes it effective for personalized recommendations in CARS.Thus,the most appropriate contexts in which a user should choose an item or service are achieved.This work converts every label set into a Multi-Label Classification(MLC)problem to enhance recommendations.Experimental results show that the proposed ANN performs better in the Binary Relevance(BR)Instance-Based Classifier,the BR Decision Tree,and the Multi-label SVM for Trip Advisor and LDOS-CoMoDa Dataset.Furthermore,the accuracy of the proposed ANN achieves better results by 1.1%to 6.1%compared to other existing methods.

Recommendation Algorithm Integrating CNN and Attention System in Data Extraction

With the rapid development of the Internet globally since the 21st century,the amount of data information has increased exponentially.Data helps improve people’s livelihood and working conditions,as well as learning efficiency.Therefore,data extraction,analysis,and processing have become a hot issue for people from all walks of life.Traditional recommendation algorithm still has some problems,such as inaccuracy,less diversity,and low performance.To solve these problems and improve the accuracy and variety of the recommendation algorithms,the research combines the convolutional neural networks(CNN)and the attention model to design a recommendation algorithm based on the neural network framework.Through the text convolutional network,the input layer in CNN has transformed into two channels:static ones and non-static ones.Meanwhile,the self-attention system focuses on the system so that data can be better processed and the accuracy of feature extraction becomes higher.The recommendation algorithm combines CNN and attention system and divides the embedding layer into user information feature embedding and data name feature extraction embedding.It obtains data name features through a convolution kernel.Finally,the top pooling layer obtains the length vector.The attention system layer obtains the characteristics of the data type.Experimental results show that the proposed recommendation algorithm that combines CNN and the attention system can perform better in data extraction than the traditional CNN algorithm and other recommendation algorithms that are popular at the present stage.The proposed algorithm shows excellent accuracy and robustness.

Tourism Route Recommendation Based on A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Using Two-Stage Decomposition and Pareto Layering

Tourism route planning is widely applied in the smart tourism field.The Pareto-optimal front obtained by the traditional multi-objective evolutionary algorithm exhibits long tails,sharp peaks and disconnected regions problems,which leads to uneven distribution and weak diversity of optimization solutions of tourism routes.Inspired by these limitations,we propose a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for tourism route recommendation(MOTRR)with two-stage and Pareto layering based on decomposition.The method decomposes the multiobjective problem into several subproblems,and improves the distribution of solutions through a two-stage method.The crowding degree mechanism between extreme and intermediate populations is used in the two-stage method.The neighborhood is determined according to the weight of the subproblem for crossover mutation.Finally,Pareto layering is used to improve the updating efficiency and population diversity of the solution.The two-stage method is combined with the Pareto layering structure,which not only maintains the distribution and diversity of the algorithm,but also avoids the same solutions.Compared with several classical benchmark algorithms,the experimental results demonstrate competitive advantages on five test functions,hypervolume(HV)and inverted generational distance(IGD)metrics.Using the experimental results of real scenic spot datasets from two famous tourism social networking sites with vast amounts of users and large-scale online comments in Beijing,our proposed algorithm shows better distribution.It proves that the tourism routes recommended by our proposed algorithm have better distribution and diversity,so that the recommended routes can better meet the personalized needs of tourists.