Effect of cobalt content on electrochemical performance of La-Mg-Ni system (Ce_2Ni_7-type) electrode alloys

In order to improve the cyclic stability of La-Mg-Ni system （Ce2Ni7-type） alloy electrode, small amount of Co was added in La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5 alloy. The effect of Co on electrochemical performance and microstructure of the alloys were investigated in detail. XRD results showed that the alloys had multiphase structure composed of （La, Mg）2Ni7, LaNi5 and small amount of LaNi2 phases. The discharge capacity of the alloys first increased and then decreased with increasing Co content. At a discharge current density of 900 mA/g, the HRD of the alloy electrodes increased from 81.3% （x=0） to 89.2 % （x=0.2）, and then reduced to 87.8 % （x=0.6）. After 60 charge/discharge cycles, the capacity retention rate of the alloys enhanced from 52.67% to 61.32%, and the capacity decay rate of the alloys decreased from 2.60 to 2.05 mAh/g per cycle with increasing Co content. The obtained results by XPS and XRD showed that the fundamental reasons for the capacity decay of the La-Mg-Ni system （Ce2Ni7-type） alloy electrodes were corrosion and oxidation as well as passivation of Mg and Lain alkaline solution.

Elevation and Land Use Types Have Significant Impacts on Spatial Variability of Soil Organic Matter Content in Hani Terraced Field of Yuanyang County,China

Soil organic matter （SOM） content is one of the most important indicators of the sustainability of soil. To maintain sustainable soil utilization and management in fragile Hani terraced field, it is meaningful to investigate the effects of topography and land use type on SOM content. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used to analyze the data and the kriging method was applied to map the spatial patterns of SOM content. The results showed that the mean SOM content was 32.76 g/kg, with a variation coefficient of 40%. The SOM content was affected by elevation and land use type. As the increase of elevation, the SOM content in Hani terraced field also increased obviously. The SOM content in tea garden, which is almost at high elevation, was the highest in all six land use types, and the SOM content decreased in a following sequence： tea garden 〉 paddy field 〉 corn field 〉 banana garden 〉 cassava field 〉 sugarcane field. In addition, at the same elevation, the paddy field had the highest SOM content compared with other land use types. All these results demonstrate that paddy field is the most efficient and suitable land use type for SOM conservation at high, middle or low elevations in the fragile Hani terraced field. In order to protect soil quality and maintain the sustainable agricultural development, it is necessary to maintain or even to enlarge the area of paddy field in Yuanyang county, Yunnan Province, China.

Effects of Soil Types and Moisture Contents on Emergence Rate of Contarinia morulae Jiang

In order to explore the relationship between soil moisture content and the severity of occurrence of Contarinia morulae Jiang,the effects of different soil types and moisture contents on the emergence rate of C. morulae were investigated. The results showed that soil moisture contents had a significant effect on the emergence rate of C. morulae. When the soil moisture content was 10%,the emergence rate of C. morulae was the highest in both soil types. When the soil moisture content was too high or too low,the emergence rate of C. morulae was significantly reduced. Within the suitable water content range,the emergence rate of C. morulae in sandy soil was significantly higher than that in sandy loam soil. The trend of emergence of C. morulae in the two soil types was basically the same. The number of adults of C. morulae began to increase slowly on March 18,peaked on March 28 and then peaked again on early April.

Type 2 Diabetes—Hard to Select a Healthy Choice

Introduction: The use of foods containing high levels of sugar is increasing all the time. This is a risk factor for increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. There are few studies that have investigated the availability of low-sugar müsli products in grocery stores. Purpose: The study aims to identify which types of müsli contain high respectively low levels of sugar, and which brands are involved. Methods: The material consists of both qualitative interviews and observations from five grocery stores: City Gross, Hemköp, Ica Maxi, Stora Coop and Willy’s in Helsingborg, Sweden. The qualitative interviews had a semi-structured character and were recorded. The interviews took approx. 20 minutes and a textual analysis was conducted of the results. Data from observation was analyzed based on brand, nutritional composition and flavors, and also, where low sugar products were placed on store shelves. Results: The grocery stores provided together brands from AXA, Coop, Finax, Frebaco, Garant, ICA, Risenta, Saltå Kvarn och Urtekram, in total 24 müsli products. Of these products, 19 were high in sugar. The observation reveals that müsli products with high sugar content (17 - 29 g per 100 g müsli) are more prominently displayed than those with low sugar content. From the interviews with the store managers, it became clear that it would be valuable to highlight healthy müsli products on the shelves. However, central bureaucracy puts obstacles to such measures. Discussion: The study emphasizes the need for increased visibility of low-sugar products and proposes solutions such as negotiating with responsible person at the head office in Stockholm. Several reviews have shown that if the grocery store raises the prices of unhealthy food, the consumer is willing to purchase healthier müsli and other products. Conclusion: This study shows the need for grocery stores to upgrade healthy müsli products along with advertising to be able to influence customer’s shopping habits. Also, further research is needed how type 2 diabetes is affected by high intakes of food products with high sugar content.

Content Based Segregation of Pertinent Documents Using Adaptive Progression

Due to the emerging technology era, today a number of firms share their service/product descriptions. Such a group of information in the textual form has some structured information, which is beneath the unstructured text. A new attainment which facilitates the form of a structured metadata by recognizing documents which are likely to have some type and this information is then used for both segregation and search process. The idea of this advent describes some attributes of a text that will match with the query object which acts as identifier both for segregation as well as for storage and retrieval. An adaptive technique is proposed to deal with relevant attributes to annotate a document by satisfying the users querying needs. The solution for annotation-attribute suggestion problem is not based on the probabilistic model or prediction but it is based on the basic keywords that a user can use to query a database to retrieve a document. Experiment results show that Querying value and Content Value approach is much useful in predicting a tag for a document and thus prediction is also based on Querying value and Content value which greatly improves the utility of shared data which is a drawback in the existing system. This approach is different, as we consider only the basic keywords to be matched with the content of a document. When compared with other approaches in the existing system, Clarity is a primary goal as we expect that the annotator may improve the annotations on process. The discovered tags assist on quest of retrieval as an alternative to bookmarking.

Re-discussing the content of the prescription rights of midwives under certain circumstances using the Delphi method

Objective： This study sought to investigate the content of the prescription rights and the prescription types of midwives under certain circumstances in China. Methods： The Delphi method was used to consult 18 nursing experts and 14 medical experts, A total of 30 experts finished the consulting. The reliability of the expert opinions was analyzed to determine the specific situations in which midwives may write prescriptions, the content of the prescription rights and the prescription types. Results： In six specific circumstances （uterine contraction fatigue, uterine contractions that are too strong, postpartum hemorrhage, premature rupture of the membranes, normal delivery and neonatal asphyxia）, midwives have the right to prescribe and administer medication, including 20 drugs and 13 auxiliary examinations. Of these drugs and examinations, 51.5% of the drugs and adjuvant examination prescriptions tend to be independent prescriptions, 30.3% tend to be protocol prescriptions, and 18.2% are similar to both types. Conclusions： The midwives should be granted some prescription rights to enhance their autonomy and the professionalism of midwifery.

Relationships among Glomalin Related Soil Protein,Soc and Soil Texture under Different Land Use Types

[Objective] The aim was to reveal the effects of different land use types on soil composition. [Method] GPRS,soil organic carbon content and soil texture in 3 depths (0-10,10-20,20-50 cm) of 5 main kind of selected land use type were examined in Hainan. [Result] The results showed that GRSP and SOC content of four artificial land use types decreased compared with the natural secondary forest land,the GRSP content of all samples ranged from 0.53-4.80 mg/g,accounting for 7.9%-23.4% of the SOC,which means that GRSP was one important component of SOC pool in soil. The ratio of GRSP to SOC was significantly different among land use types but the depths. GRSP and SOC exhibited obvious vertical distribution pattern. GRSP was significantly positively related to SOC and sand content but negatively related to silt and clay content. [Conclusion] The sand content determined the GRSP content significantly and loam was better matrix for GRSP accumulation than clay.

职业教育新形态教材内容的设计与组织研究

针对职业教育新形态教材研究与开发中存在的不足,提出了职业教育新形态教材内容的设计与组织逻辑的内在要求,通过对理论知识与操作技能概念、情境性学习理论、图式理论、技能学习相关理论、职业道德及职业精神培育相关理论的分析探讨,形成了指导新形态教材内容的设计与组织的创新性依据。据此,设计了新形态教材内容的设计与组织模型,并从纸质教材的理论知识设计与组织、技能知识设计与组织、思政育人设计与组织、教材开发系统和数字资源系统等方面进行了可行性论证。

高原牧区不同害鼠胃肠内容物对D型肉毒神经毒素的破坏强度分析

为探明高原牧区不同害鼠胃肠内容物对D型肉毒毒素的破坏强度与害鼠对毒素的敏感性之间的关系,采用霍恩氏法测定了D型肉毒毒素对高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)、高原鼢鼠(Eospalax baileyi)及青海松田鼠(Neodon fuscus)的灌胃半数致死剂量(LD50),并测定3种害鼠胃肠内容物及其上清液与D型肉毒毒素作用后的毒素残留量。结果表明:D型肉毒毒素对高原鼠兔、高原鼢鼠及青海松田鼠的LD50分别为5110、5840、50100 MLD/kg。害鼠胃肠内容物对毒素的破坏强度由高到低依次是青海松田鼠、高原鼢鼠、高原鼠兔。3种害鼠胃肠内容物对D型肉毒毒素的破坏作用存在差异,且LD50与毒素残留量之间呈正相关性。胃肠道环境差异是导致不同害鼠对D型肉毒毒素产生敏感性差异的原因之一,研究结果对今后选育高效、特异性D型肉毒毒素生物灭鼠剂具有指导意义。

近年来中国新型政党制度研究:述评与展望

中国新型政党制度是我国的基本政治制度,也是社会主义制度的重要组成部分。自2018年习近平总书记提出“新型政党制度”这一重要命题以来,学界围绕这一命题的概念、内涵、渊源、内容、优势、完善路径等,展开了全方位的讨论和研究,取得了一系列的研究成果。现有的研究成果对于全面深入理解中国新型政党制度提供了有益参考。当然,现有研究在研究内容、方法等方面也存在一定的不足,需要加强实证研究,拓展研究视野。

达格列净对2型糖尿病病人肝脏脂肪含量及胱抑素C的影响

目的:比较使用达格列净+二甲双胍联合用药与单纯使用二甲双胍治疗对2型糖尿病病人肝脏脂肪含量(LFC)和胱抑素C(Cys C)水平的影响。方法:选取住院病人121例,按照治疗方案不同分为二甲双胍治疗组(甲组,n=51)和二甲双胍联合达格列净治疗组(乙组,n=70),所有病人均连续稳定使用上述治疗方案达半年以上,利用氢质子磁共振波谱法检测LFC,血清Cys C水平使用免疫比浊法进行检测,收集病人的一般人口学资料及实验室检测指标数据。分析不同实验室指标与LFC的关联,探讨不同治疗方式及其他实验指标对LFC和Cys C的影响。结果:2组病人的年龄、性别构成比、患病时长和体质量指数(BMI)的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与甲组相比,乙组病人的LFC、血清Cys C水平、总胆固醇(TC)均明显降低(P<0.05~P<0.01),但三酰甘油(TG)和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)均升高(P<0.05);甲组的非酒精性脂肪肝(90.2%)比例高于乙组(30.0%)(P<0.01);相关分析结果发现,BMI、空腹血糖(FBG)和Cys C均与LFC存在关联(P<0.05~P<0.01)。以LFC为因变量,BMI、FBG、Cys C、病程、TC、TG和药物治疗作为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,发现与甲组相比,乙组可降低0.440个单位的LFC(P<0.01);同时以Cys C为因变量,BMI、FBG、LFC、病程、TC、TG和药物治疗作为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,与甲组相比,乙组联合用药能够降低0.689个单位的血清Cys C(P<0.01)。结论:二甲双胍联合达格列净能有效降低2型糖尿病病人LFC、血清Cys C水平,是LFC、血清Cys C的重要影响因素。

黄土塬区不同土地利用方式10 m剖面土壤水分年际和季节动态特征

为揭示黄土高原南部塬区不同土地利用方式土壤水分时空变化特征,2014—2022年间采用土壤温湿度自动观测系统对苜蓿地、休闲地、高产农田、低产农田0—10 m剖面21层的土壤含水量进行了定位监测,并探究了其时空变化的影响因素。结果表明:4种土地利用方式中,由于多年生苜蓿地根系强吸水效应,其平均土壤含水量显著小于其他3种土地利用方式;随着土层深度的增加,苜蓿地土壤含水量先减小后增大,其他3种利用方式土壤含水量大致呈增大趋势;在季节变化特征上,土壤水分季节性干湿交替层分别为0—2 m、0—1 m、0—3 m、0—1 m,最小值和最大值分别出现在1—2月和9—11月;年尺度上,苜蓿地土壤含水量变异最大,高产农田次之,低产农田和休闲地变异性最小;就长期动态而言,土壤干层厚度和储水量变化与降水年际分布密切相关,2014—2022年各土地利用方式年均土壤储水量呈现增大趋势,2019、2021两丰水年份苜蓿地储水量增幅明显,降水补给深度可达4 m;相关性分析表明,土地利用方式、土层深度和黏粒含量为影响土壤含水量的关键因子。研究结果可为黄土高原深层剖面土壤水分观测和模拟提供数据支撑。

调整空腹C肽、HbA1c及果糖胺含量对2型糖尿病患者慢性并发症发生率的影响

目的 探究以调整空腹C肽、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及果糖胺含量为视角的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者减少慢性并发症对策。方法 选择2019年3月至2020年4月收治的T2DM患者116例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组及观察组,均为58例。对照组给予标准糖尿病治疗和管理,观察组在对照组基础上给予调整空腹C肽、HbA1c及果糖胺含量的干预对策,2组治疗前、治疗6个月的血糖水平、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、体重指数(BMI)、空腹C肽及果糖胺含量,统计3年内慢性并发症发生情况。结果 治疗6个月,观察组FBG、2hPBG、HbA1c水平水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗6个月,观察组的BMI、HOMA-IR低于对照组(P<0.05),腰围、臀围小于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗6个月,观察组空腹C肽及果糖胺含量水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组3年内慢性并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 以调整空腹C肽、HbA1c及果糖胺含量为视角的干预对策能够有效减少T2DM患者慢性并发症,改善血糖水平,改善体态,值得推广。

油相对水相泡沫形成和稳定性的影响

油水混相泡沫在日用化妆品、化学工业、石油工业等领域有着广泛的应用,但是目前关于油水混相泡沫的报道多集中在探究表面活性剂、温度、pH、矿化度等外界因素对油水混相泡沫的稳定性的影响,对于油相种类和油相含量对水相泡沫的形成和稳定性影响机制缺乏系统研究。文章通过改变油相种类、油水体积比进行发泡实验,最后通过分析各泡沫体积、泡沫排液半衰期、泡沫的衰变速率、泡沫的微观粒径、油相的表面张力和油水界面张力来探究油相对水相泡沫的形成和稳定性影响机制。研究发现:随着油相碳链长度的增加水相泡沫的起泡性能下降;同时随着油相的表面张力增大,泡沫稳定性提高;油水体积比对水相泡沫的形成和稳定性有着重要的影响,在低油水体积比时,泡沫壁之间排列紧密,形成了大小不一的泡沫,且由于泡沫之间相互挤压,使其微观结构形貌杂乱无规则;随着油水体积比的升高泡沫粒径整体上变小,且大小变得越来越均匀,泡沫结构变得更加致密,使得泡沫更加稳定。

产品类型差异化影响下企业生成内容对用户参与行为的实证研究

社交媒体已成为企业营销和推广品牌、产品等不可或缺的重要渠道,企业生成内容(FGC)在其中传递信息和情感交流。基于ELM理论从聚合与独立层面审视不同产品类型企业生成内容的作用。对某企业两个官方微博的12580条微博进行文本分析,发现主流产品信息性特征内容对转发行为具有负向影响,说服性特征内容对用户参与行为具有正向影响;利基产品的信息性与说服性内容特征对转发行为具有正向影响。研究结论为企业在制定FGC发布策略以及管理FGC内容方面提供参考。

Kevlar纤维UD布的力学性能研究

研究树脂种类和含胶量对Kevlar纤维无纬(UD)布拉伸和层间剪切性能的影响规律。利用万能材料试验机测试不同比例的水性聚氨酯与水性丙烯酸酯共混树脂以及含胶量对Kevlar纤维UD布拉伸和层间剪切性能的影响规律。结果表明:随着丙烯酸树脂含量的增加,Kevlar纤维UD布的拉伸强度和层间剪切强度呈先增大后减小的趋势;水性聚氨酯树脂∶水性丙烯酸树脂比例为1∶2,Kevlar纤维UD布的拉伸强度和层间剪切强度最大。在一定范围内,Kevlar纤维UD布的拉伸强度和层间剪切强度随着含胶量的提高,呈先增大后减小的趋势,且树脂含量26%,Kevlar纤维UD布的拉伸强度和层间剪切强度达到最大值。

乔木根径、含量和分布类型对根土复合体饱和渗透系数的影响

植物根系对土体的水力特性具有重要影响,但关于乔木根系对土体饱和渗透系数的定量研究缺乏。利用自制渗透实验箱,采用定水头实验方法,针对重塑根土复合体开展不同根径(1 mm≤d≤3mm、3 mm<d≤5 mm和5 mm<d≤8 mm)及含量(根体积含量0.4%~2.4%)和根的分布类型(水平和竖直)对其饱和渗透系数影响的定量研究。结果表明,相同根径条件下,根土复合体的饱和渗透系数与根体积含量呈线性正相关关系,但随着根径的增加,该线性关系斜率不断降低;根土复合体饱和渗透系数与根表面积含量也存在显著的线性正相关关系,方差分析表明,该线性关系不受根径的影响;确定了根的不同分布类型(水平和竖直)下根表面积含量与其饱和渗透系数之间的线性关系;此外,研究发现,根竖直向分布时的根土复合体饱和渗透系数随根表面积含量的变化率是水平分布的1.8倍左右。研究结果表明,根的存在可以显著提高土体的饱和渗透系数,且根土的表面接触是影响其水力特性的根本原因。

中国地热水中锂元素分布特征及资源开发利用

【研究目的】近年来,锂在新兴技术和低碳技术产业需求增长迅速,已成为全球主要经济体的关键矿产。尤其在“双碳”目标下,中国对锂资源的需求也日益迫切,当前锂的安全供应已严重制约了中国新能源产业发展。中国锂资源开发对象以卤水型和伟晶岩型为主,但地热卤水型也具有一定资源潜力,因此需要研究中国地热水锂元素分布特征。【研究方法】基于前人对全国范围地热水调查和研究的成果,本文介绍和讨论中国地热水中锂含量分布特征、影响因素、地热水提锂技术及地热勘查技术。【研究结果】分析了全国30个省市主要热储中地热水锂含量,实际计算出1989处地热水锂金属年排放量为789 t,估算中国地热水锂金属年排放量3233 t,显示地热水中锂资源具有一定的潜力。【研究结论】影响地热水锂含量的主要因素为围岩及热储岩石性质、温度、水岩相互作用等,也发现锂同位素在示踪陆区地热系统来源、水岩相互作用及物质来源方面具有良好潜力。中国富锂地热水富集机制主要分为喜马拉雅地热带型和四川盆地型,前者与上地壳重熔型岩浆上涌有关,后者与地层中膏盐的溶滤有关。此外,本文提出未来我国富锂地热水找矿方向集中在青藏高原、四川盆地、江汉盆地等及油(气)田水。“热锂兼探”、“热锂兼采”,实现资源利用最大化,多元地热勘查技术也将助力地热产业发展。

雄安新区不同农用地类型土壤水氮时空变化

本文探究土壤水氮的时空变化规律,为控制雄安新区地下水污染提供理论依据,对建设“蓝绿雄安”具有重要意义。在雄安新区以耕地、林地和菜地3种农用地为研究对象,测定土壤含水率、硝态氮、铵态氮以及容重等土壤指标,分析不同农用地的土壤含水率、硝态氮和铵态氮时空变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明:在土层垂向上,土壤含水率随土层深度先增加后减小最后趋于稳定。耕地和菜地土壤硝态氮含量随土层深度的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势。耕地、林地和菜地土壤铵态氮含量均随着土层深度增加逐渐减小。在时间上,耕地含水率波动较大,林地受季节影响变化较小。菜地含水率随时间变化比较平稳,10月后明显下降。林地和菜地土壤硝态氮含量随时间先增加后减小,耕地则随时间呈正弦波动。菜地土壤铵态氮含量随时间逐渐降低,林地土壤铵态氮含量变化小且含量最小。3种农用地土壤含水率均与土壤容重呈负相关,与降水量和灌溉呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。耕地土壤容重与土层深度极显著相关(P<0.01)。耕地和菜地土壤硝态氮和铵态氮均与土层深度、降水量以及灌溉量呈显著负相关。3种农用地土壤硝态氮与铵态氮均呈显著正相关。耕地和菜地的水氮含量分布对地下水污染影响更大,因此合理灌溉施用氮肥,改善土壤性质,有助于保护雄安新区地下水环境。

晋西黄土区典型造林整地措施对土壤水分动态的影响

【目的】探究晋西黄土区典型造林树种和水平阶整地措施对0~180 cm土层土壤水分动态的影响,为植被恢复及流域综合治理提供参考依据。【方法】以晋西黄土残塬区蔡家川流域典型工程措施水平阶以及主要造林树种刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia和侧柏Platycladusorientalis为研究对象,于2019年5—9月生长季开展土壤水分定位监测,并采用配对试验,对自然坡面刺槐林地与侧柏林地土壤水分进行同步观测,分析不同植被和水平阶整地综合影响下的土壤水分特征及对降雨事件的响应,评价典型工程措施对不同植被土壤含水量的影响。【结果】生长季不同植被类型、水平阶整地前后的土壤含水量的变化与降雨量的变化密切相关,不同样地平均土壤含水量由高到低依次为水平阶侧柏林地(18.68%)、自然坡面侧柏林地(16.19%)、水平阶刺槐林地(16.10%)、自然坡面刺槐林地(15.42%)。较之自然坡面,水平阶整地措施能够分别提高侧柏林地和刺槐林地土壤含水量15.38%、4.41%。根据土壤水分垂直变化特征,水平阶整地可以提升土壤水分的活跃层、次活跃层深度:水平阶侧柏林地活跃层、次活跃层深度范围为0~80 cm,相对于自然坡面侧柏林地提升深度33%;水平阶刺槐林地活跃层、次活跃层深度范围为0~140 cm,相对于自然坡面刺槐林地提升深度40%。【结论】土壤含水量的动态变化与降雨量、工程措施、植被作用关系密切,水平阶是开展黄土残塬小流域生态恢复的有效工程措施,且水平阶侧柏林地提升效果要优于水平阶刺槐林地。图3表3参37.