Study on regional stratagem for coal mine disasters control and prevention in China

The regional strategy study was aimed at coal mine disaster control and prevention,which deepens and enriches the macro-strategy of coal mine disaster control andprevention,and provides an important support for the rapid and healthy development ofthe regional coal industry.The country was divided into 4 regions:Northeast,North,Southand Xinqing.In view of the regional status of coal mine disasters,the regulation and developmenttrend of regional coal mine disasters were analyzed,the outstanding problemsand key factors were identified,and the general thoughts on regional coal mine disastercontrol and prevention were put forward.

The Present Situation of Occurrence, Control and Prevention of Citrus Huanglongbing in Meizhou City, South China

Meizhou is the main citrus fruit producing area in China, and its pomelo planting area and output value rank second in China. In this paper, the present situation of prevention and control of citrus HLB(Huanglongbing) in this city in recent years is introduced, some successful experiences are mentioned, some shortcomings are also analyzed, and combined with the problems existing in the current process of prevention and control of citrus HLB, this paper puts forward some measures, such as timely removal of the diseased individuals, control of planthoppers, establishment of the HLB demonstration site of comprehensive prevention and control and large aseptic seedling breeding base, active introduction of HLB pathogen inspection and quarantine equipment, strengthening supervision and inspection, comprehensive control and other measures, in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of the disease in Meizhou.

Advancing knowledge of One Health in China:lessons for One Health from China's dengue control and prevention programs

Background The emergence of dengue fever has prompted significant public health responses,highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of One Health in addressing vector-borne diseases.China's experience in dengue control and prevention programs offers valuable insights into the successful integration of multidisciplinary strategies.Aims The review aims to:(1)systematically analyze lessons from China's dengue control and prevention programs,focusing on the integration of these efforts with the One Health approach;(2)underscore the reasons of optimizing the dengue control and prevention program;(3)highlight the alignment of China's dengue control strategies with the One Health framework;(4)contribute to global efforts in combating dengue,providing scientific evidence and strategic recommendations for other regions facing similar challenges.Results Through a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews,this study found China's approach to dengue control and prevention implemented through a hierarchical system led by the government,with collaborative efforts across multiple departments.This multi-sectoral collaboration mechanism enables the technical interventions well executed by health and disease control institutions,optimizing the integration of multiple cost-effeteness approaches,such as case management,early detection and outbreak response,reducing local transmission,and minimizing severe cases and fatalities.It was found that community participation and public health education have played a vital role in raising awareness,promoting personal protective measures,and enhancing the overall effectiveness of control efforts.The implementation of these integrated interventions has resulted in reduced dengue cases and improved capacity of outbreak response.China's dengue control strategies under the One Health framework,with focus on interdisciplinary collaboration,incorporated environmental and ecological interventions,which reduced mosquito breeding sites and improved sanitation.The findings of the review underscore the need for continuous improvement in early warning systems,scientific research,and the adoption of the One Health approach to address emerging challenges posed by climate change and the cross-border spread of infectious diseases.Conclusion China's dengue control and prevention programs provide a compelling case study for the effective application of the One Health approach.By systematically analyzing the integration of multidisciplinary strategies,this review reveals valuable lessons on optimizing public health responses to vector-borne diseases.The alignment of these strategies with One Health principles not only enhances the effectiveness of dengue control efforts in China but also offers a framework that can be adapted by other regions facing similar challenges.Ultimately,the insights gained from this analysis contribute to the global fight against dengue,emphasizing the need for collaborative and holistic approaches in public health initiatives.

Investigation and analysis of the biosafety awareness of laboratory staff involved in the detection of pathogens in seven provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in China

This study aims to evaluate the biosafety awareness of laboratory staff working on pathogens detection in seven Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and support these staff's biosafety management and training.A total of 208 laboratory staff from seven provincial CDCs were chosen by stratified random sampling to undergo a self-administered questionnaire survey.The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0.The overall average biosafety awareness of the CDC laboratory staff involved in pathogen detection was 82.5 points.The average biosafety awareness score was the highest in health monitoring(92.63 points)and the lowest in risk assessment and control(41.6 points).Among the seven provincial CDCs,the Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention laboratory staff showed the lowest average biosafety awareness score(74.3 points).The team who worked for 5–14 years were more likely to score above the passing score(≥88 points;corrected OR 0.400,95%CI:0.168–0.951)than the staff with less than five years of work experience.In addition,the mid-level and junior-level staff,as well as the lower position ones were more likely to score below the passing score(<88 points;junior level and lower:corrected OR 3.473,95%CI:1.028–11.737;mid-level:corrected OR 2.797,95%CI:1.027–7.618)compared with the senior-level staff.Among the surveyed team,66.3%identified a lack of specific funds related to work,61.5%identified a lack of designated personnel for the laboratory biosafety management.The biosafety awareness in CDC laboratory staff involved in pathogen detection is low,especially regarding risk assessment and control.The biosafety awareness in Guizhou and Guangxi Provincial CDC laboratory staff is also low.Laboratory funding,job title,and years of experience in a laboratory influence biosafety awareness in CDC laboratory staff.The biosafety knowledge,education,and training of CDC laboratory staff involved in pathogen detection need to improve by paying attention to the content and coverage of biosafety training,exploring new training modalities,and increasing funding for activities related to biosafety in CDC.

Patented technologies for schistosomiasis control and prevention filed by Chinese applicants

Background:Many valuable and productive patented technologies have been developed to control schistosomiasis in China in the past 70 years.We conducted a research to analyse patented technologies for schistosomiasis control and prevention filed by Chinese applicants for determining the future patent layout.

A Machine Learning-Based Web Application for Heart Disease Prediction

This work leveraged predictive modeling techniques in machine learning (ML) to predict heart disease using a dataset sourced from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the US. The dataset was preprocessed and used to train five machine learning models: random forest, support vector machine, logistic regression, extreme gradient boosting and light gradient boosting. The goal was to use the best performing model to develop a web application capable of reliably predicting heart disease based on user-provided data. The extreme gradient boosting classifier provided the most reliable results with precision, recall and F1-score of 97%, 72%, and 83% respectively for Class 0 (no heart disease) and 21% (precision), 81% (recall) and 34% (F1-score) for Class 1 (heart disease). The model was further deployed as a web application.

北京市区级疾病预防控制中心机构设置和人员配置现状

目的了解北京市区级疾病预防控制中心(以下简称“疾控中心”)机构设置和人员配置现状。方法2020年4月,对北京市16家区级疾控中心进行调查,按照国家相关规范性文件要求,评价机构设置和人员配置的合理性。结果16家区级疾控中心在编总人数2196人,在编人数与辖区内常住人口的比例为(0.57~2.54)/万,业务科室数量占所有内设科室数量的比例为56%~81%,专业技术岗位在编人员比例为67%~94%,其中,12家区级疾控中心的在编人数与辖区内常住人口的比例未达到不低于1.75/万的要求,7家区级疾控中心的业务科室所占比例未达到不低于70%的要求,5家区级疾控中心专业技术岗位在编人员比例未达到不低于85%的要求。在编人员组成情况:男女比为1.0:1.8;30~<50岁人群比例占71%;文化程度以本科和硕士为主,占81%;专业以公共卫生和检验专业为主,占72%;职称以中级和初级为主,占73%。2017—2019年16家区级疾控中心共144人离职,以文化程度较高的初级和中级专业技术人员为主。结论北京市部分区级疾控中心机构设置、人员编制和专业技术人员构成未达到国家相关核定标准。部分区级疾控中心缺乏有较高文化程度的专业技术人才,人员结构不合理,同时存在人才引不来和留不住的双重问题。在疾病预防控制机构(以下简称“疾控机构”)改革中,应加强对全市区级疾控机构的统筹管理,统一机构设置,增加人员编制,优化人员结构,改革激励机制,确保薪酬水平,实现人才总量合理增长、队伍素质大幅提升、队伍结构更加优化的目标。

生物样本库建设管理现状与建议

系统梳理国外生物样本库建设模式、国内生物样本库管理建设情况,探讨疾病预防控制系统内建立公共卫生生物样本库的机遇、优势和挑战,为今后指导疾病预防控制系统生物样本库建设管理的实际工作提出政策建议和解决途径。

上海市试点推进医疗机构疾控监督员制度创新探索与实践

上海市推进医疗机构疾控监督员制度试点工作,以系统集成理念探索试点制度创新,推动打造预防、治疗、管理一体化的医疗服务模式。选取浦东、长宁、嘉定作为试点区,开展多元路径实践,推出多项创新举措,探索疾控监督员驻点模式,形成了行之有效的经验做法,提高重大传染病疫情早发现、早报告、早处置能力,建立了可借鉴、可复制的工作样板。同时,也指出了当前面临能力建设、激励机制等问题和挑战,提出了未来高质量推进疾控监督员制度建设的工作举措。

上海市公共卫生重点学科建设与人才培养的实践与思考:以2020—2022年上海市疾病预防控制中心承担项目为例

目的以上海市疾病预防控制中心承担项目为例,对上海市公共卫生重点学科建设与人才培养的实践进行客观评估,总结项目实施经验,完善项目评估机制,强化学科发展与人才培养对上海市健全公共卫生应急管理体系的支撑作用。方法基于学科建设验收评估申请书,通过定量、定性方法对学科建设期间的项目基本情况、学科建设成效、跨机构科研协作、参与公共卫生实践以及人才培养与建设等进行描述和分析。结果各学科团队承担的科研项目级别较高,较好促进了学科创新发展;各学科团队注重公共卫生实践与应用能力建设,实现了科研成果的转化落地;上海市疾病预防控制中心和复旦大学在论文发表合作网络中占据了主要地位,在多部门科研协作中发挥了重要作用;专业机构和高等院校的合作促进了公共卫生复合型人才培养。结论上海市公共卫生重点学科建设与人才培养取得了良好成效。

省级疾病预防控制机构青年人才培养模式探究:以“青耕计划”为例

目的分析上海市疾病预防控制中心青年人才培养项目的实施现状与成效,提出切实可行的人才培养优化策略,以期进一步提升疾病预防控制人才培养能力,构建合理的人才梯队,激发科研活力。方法对上海市疾病预防控制中心获“青耕计划”资助的2批次共67名培养对象进行问卷调查,分析相关投入、产出情况及培养对象对该培养项目的意见建议等。结果“青耕计划”培养对象所在部门对其项目实施提供的支持和帮助很大。67名培养对象在培养期间共撰写中文论文74篇,中位数为1篇,共撰写英文论文14篇。共申报课题45次,获批课题共9项。共参加科普宣讲93次,撰写科普文章67篇,中位数为1篇。53.85%的培养对象确立了今后的研究方向,44.62%的培养对象明确了自己的职业规划,培养对象认为其业务能力和科研能力均有较大提升。结论作为青年人才的“第一桶金”,“青耕计划”对提升科研素养、熟悉科研流程、助力业务工作等方面均起到了很好的效果,建议从培养周期、支持力度、培训交流、导师遴选、资源共享、考核激励机制等方面对该人才培养计划进一步优化。

疾控事业高质量发展下信息技术交叉学科人才培养路径探索与实践

在疾控事业高质量发展的大背景下,培养与疾控高质量发展相适应的信息技术与公共卫生等交叉学科人才的必要性和迫切性日益凸显。作为一门新兴学科,交叉学科正得到大学院校、科研机构、专业机构的关注。交叉学科融合成为国内外知名高校的共识、是复合型人才培养的需要。以上海市疾控机构信息技术交叉学科人才培养为例,发现在“信息技术+X”交叉学科人才培养中存在交叉学科人才培养体系尚未形成,缺乏交叉学科培养相应的机制、体制的扶持等问题及其具体表现。针对这些问题,从岗位转型、构建学科融合实践平台、建立“内培+外引”专家队伍,形成交叉学科培养评价机制等方面探索具体措施,提出疾控高质量发展下信息技术交叉学科人才培养的路径,为加强疾控人才队伍建设提供实践经验,拓展培养路径。

江苏省新型冠状病毒核酸检测实验室能力建设调查

目的了解江苏省各级疾病预防控制机构应对新型冠状病毒的实验室能力情况,为优化省、市和区(县)生物安全实验室网络布局、满足新型冠状病毒肺炎等重大疫情防控多层次检测需求提供政策依据。方法根据新型冠状病毒检测所需的实验室仪器、专业技术人员、实验室备案与质量控制等关键指标制定调查表进行调查,并对调查结果进行统计学分析。结果江苏省共有疾病预防控制机构112家,配备生物安全实验室124个,核酸提取、定量聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)仪器分别为85和112台,核酸检测专业人员有249人,仅有29个实验室完成PCR备案,全省每日最大检测样本数为5236个,占理论值的74.0%。结论江苏省新冠病毒核酸检测相关的实验室能力尚不均衡。省、市两级生物安全实验室能力建设较好,区(县)级较为薄弱,区(县)级疾病预防控制机构普遍存在仪器设备配备不足和检测人员缺乏等问题,具备核酸检测能力的机构较少;区域资源配置不均衡,苏北地区硬件设施和人员配置相对不足,具备核酸检测能力的机构较少;全省疾病预防控制机构的实验室均存在PCR备案和质量控制管理不完善的问题。

上海疾病预防控制机构人员公共卫生伦理审查认知现况和改进策略

目的了解上海市疾病预防控制机构(以下简称“疾控机构”)从业人员公共卫生伦理审查认知现况,为提升疾控机构从业人员伦理认知水平、加强疾控机构伦理审查委员会建设和规范公共卫生伦理审查工作提供依据。方法采用问卷调查,调查疾控机构从业人员的人口学与职业特征、公共卫生伦理审查相关认知等情况,对上海市、区两级疾病预防控制机构的从业人员按比例发放电子问卷,回收有效问卷146份。结果受调查者认为在业务实践和科研活动开展中有必要构建公共卫生伦理审查规定与机制的分别有87.7%、89.7%;有必要构建公共卫生伦理审查评估体系的分别有86.3%、88.4%;有必要开展形式审查、跟踪审查和结题审查的分别有90.4%、92.5%、90.4%;伦理审查委员会有助于业务实践和科研开展的有93.2%。设有伦理审查委员会的机构受调查者与未设有伦理审查委员会的机构受调查者在开展形式审查的必要性认知、医学伦理相关规则对公共卫生伦理价值判定的体现程度认知、公共卫生伦理知识对目前工作或课题研究的帮助程度认知、在机构业务实践或科研开展中构建公共卫生伦理审查规定与机制或评估体系的必要性认知等方面差异有统计学意义;参加伦理培训的受调查者与未参加伦理培训的受调查者在公共卫生伦理知识对工作或课题研究的帮助程度认知差异有统计学意义。结论疾控机构从业人员高度认可全过程伦理管理和公共卫生伦理审查制度建设的必要性,伦理审查委员会建设、人员培训参加情况可能影响公共卫生伦理审查认知。建议强化疾控机构科研项目的全过程伦理管理,加强疾控项目伦理审查制度建设,探索建立疾控机构纵向型伦理审查体系;强化伦理培训,增强从业人员伦理意识,提高从业人员伦理认知。

上海市疾病预防控制中心就业见习基地运行效果评估:基于结果链模型

目的 对上海市疾病预防控制中心针对高校毕业学年学生开展的就业见习基地运行效果进行评估,并就提升就业见习工作的效果提出政策建议。方法 构建基于结果链模型的评估指标体系,通过客观资料收集,并对2018—2022年的往届见习学员和带教老师,以及2022年末的在岗见习学员,开展满意度调查,分析和评估上海市疾病预防控制中心就业见习基地运行效果。在此基础上,提出改进就业见习工作的建议与措施。结果 基于结果链模型构建包括5个一级指标、14个二级指标、32个三级指标的评估指标体系,并对2018—2022年上海市疾病预防控制中心就业见习基地的运行效果进行评分,得分84.8分。其中,与上海市疾病预防控制中心就业见习基地相关的未得满分指标有:投入环节,管理体系中的组织架构;产出环节,基地产出中的见习岗位类别;结果环节,见习学员和带教老师的政策认知情况。结论 2018—2022年,上海市疾病预防控制中心就业见习基地运行情况良好,取得了一定的成效,但是仍存在不足。建议通过重视政策宣传,多渠道宣传上海市就业见习政策;完善组织架构,落实事前、事中、事后管理;拓展岗位类别,培养多类型公共卫生人才;延长见习期限,重视实践能力培养等措施加以改进。

Outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae at a military academy

In 2019, an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(M. pneumoniae) occurred at a military academy in China. The attack rate(10.08%, 60/595) was significantly different among the units. High-intensity training and crowded environments to which cadets are exposed are the high risk factors for the outbreak of M. pneumoniae. In-time prevention and control measures effectively controlled the spread of the epidemic.

Opioid Prescriptions in Women: Is the Data Accurate?

Background: In 2012, U.S. health care providers wrote more than 259 million opioid prescriptions, which is twice as many as in 1998. Approximately 1 in 10 women report the use of opioids for pain management during pregnancy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that between 2008 and 2012, 39% of reproductive-aged women on Medicaid had filled a prescription for opioid medication each year, as did 28% of women with private insurance. The opioid epidemic extends to the state of New Jersey (NJ);however, limited data is available regarding opioid prescriptions among Medicaid and private insurance patients within the state. Objective: Evaluate opioid prescriptions filled in reproductive-aged women presenting in labor at a community teaching hospital in suburban New Jersey. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using data obtained from patient records and the New Jersey Prescription Monitoring Program (NJPMP) database. We enrolled 200 patients that were admitted in labor between May 2015 and May 2016. Data was collected from reproductive-aged women during the one year preceding labor admission. We compared our findings to national data reported by the CDC using Chi-square analysis. Maternal demographic data were extracted from patient records and included age, insurance status (private insurance, Medicaid, and no insurance), race, and ethnicity. The primary outcome was opioid prescriptions filled. Results: Of the 200 women admitted in labor, 129 had private insurance, 63 had Medicaid, and 8 had no insurance. We found that 5.4% (7/129) of patients with private insurance, 4.8% (3/63) of patients with Medicaid, and 12.5% (1/8) of patients with no insurance filled opioid prescriptions. Overall, 5.5% (11/200) of women filled opioid prescriptions during the study period. Opioid prescriptions confirmed via NJPMP were significantly lower than rates reported by the CDC in Medicaid (4.8% vs. 41.4%, p-value 0.001) and private insurance (5.4% vs. 29.1%, p-value < 0.001) patients, respectively. Conclusion: Rates of opioid prescriptions filled were lower among our suburban cohort of women in New Jersey than national rates reported by the CDC. We did not confirm that patients with Medicaid filled more prescriptions than patients with private insurance. These discrepancies raise the question of whether a federal prescription monitoring program would better capture data than state-wide programs. Further research is needed to ensure that prescription monitoring programs are actually capturing accurate data.

Analysis of CDC’s Role in Public Health Emergencies

Objective:To explore the role of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)in public health emergencies.Methods:The details of 12 public health events that occurred between January 2021 to December 2022 were analyzed to explore the roles of the CDC.Results:There were 160 patients involved in 10 public health events in 2021 and 48 patients involved in 2 public health events in 2022.Besides,the proportion of school public health events in 2022 was 0%,which was lower than in 2021,which was 80%(P<0.05).99.38%of patients during public health events were sent to the hospital promptly in 2022,which was higher than that in 2021,which was 81.25%(P<0.05).Furthermore,the average time taken for the CDC to control public health events in 2022 was 20.11±1.62 hours,and the average time taken to send inspection reports was shorter than that in 2021.The public satisfaction score was also higher in 2022 compared to 2021(P<0.05).Conclusion:The role of the CDC is to control infectious diseases.Therefore,it is important to pinpoint the existing problems in the strategies implemented by the CDC so that more improvements can be made to better prevent infectious diseases.

Trend analysis of noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors in Afghanistan

Background:Afghanistan is suffering from 40-year chronic conflicts,displacement,and demolition of its infrastructure.Afghanistan mortality survey 2010 shows nearly 46%of all deaths in the country were attributed to noncommunicable diseases(NCDs).In this study,we aimed to understand the differences in mortality and premature death due to NCDs by sex and the trend for the next 8 years.Methods:We applied trend analysis using the secondary data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation,Global Burden of Diseases 2019.The information on NCD mortality,NCD deaths attributed to its risk factors,NCD percent of total years lived with disability(YLDs)attribution to each risk factor extracted from this database from 2008 to 2019.We investigated the trend from 2008 to 2019 for the mentioned factors and then forecast their trends until 2030.Results:Our study shows that Afghanistan has had an increasing death number due to NCDs from 2008 to 2019(50%for both sexes)and this will reach nearly 54%by 2030.Currently,half of NCDs deaths are premature in Afghanistan.The mortality rate and prevalence of risk factors are higher among women.More than 70%of YLDs will be due to NCDs in Afghanistan till 2030.Five risk factors including high systolic blood pressure(28.3%),high body mass index(23.4%),high blood glucose(20.6%),high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(16.3%),and smoking(12.3%)will have the highest contribution to NCDs death in 2030,respectively.Conclusions:In general,our study indicates that without any specific intervention to address NCDs in Afghanistan,not only the Sustainable Development Goal target for NCDs will not be met,but an increase in almost all risk factors prevalence,as well as NCD mortality,will be seen in Afghanistan.