DNBP-CCA:A Novel Approach to Enhancing Heterogeneous Data Traffic and Reliable Data Transmission for Body Area Network

The increased adoption of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) technologies has resulted in the widespread use ofBody Area Networks (BANs) in medical and non-medical domains. However, the performance of IEEE 802.15.4-based BANs is impacted by challenges related to heterogeneous data traffic requirements among nodes, includingcontention during finite backoff periods, association delays, and traffic channel access through clear channelassessment (CCA) algorithms. These challenges lead to increased packet collisions, queuing delays, retransmissions,and the neglect of critical traffic, thereby hindering performance indicators such as throughput, packet deliveryratio, packet drop rate, and packet delay. Therefore, we propose Dynamic Next Backoff Period and Clear ChannelAssessment (DNBP-CCA) schemes to address these issues. The DNBP-CCA schemes leverage a combination ofthe Dynamic Next Backoff Period (DNBP) scheme and the Dynamic Next Clear Channel Assessment (DNCCA)scheme. The DNBP scheme employs a fuzzy Takagi, Sugeno, and Kang (TSK) model’s inference system toquantitatively analyze backoff exponent, channel clearance, collision ratio, and data rate as input parameters. Onthe other hand, the DNCCA scheme dynamically adapts the CCA process based on requested data transmission tothe coordinator, considering input parameters such as buffer status ratio and acknowledgement ratio. As a result,simulations demonstrate that our proposed schemes are better than some existing representative approaches andenhance data transmission, reduce node collisions, improve average throughput, and packet delivery ratio, anddecrease average packet drop rate and packet delay.

A novel intrusion detection model for the CAN bus packet of in-vehicle network based on attention mechanism and autoencoder

The attacks on in-vehicle Controller Area Network(CAN)bus messages severely disrupt normal communication between vehicles.Therefore,researches on intrusion detection models for CAN have positive business value for vehicle security,and the intrusion detection technology for CAN bus messages can effectively protect the invehicle network from unlawful attacks.Previous machine learning-based models are unable to effectively identify intrusive abnormal messages due to their inherent shortcomings.Hence,to address the shortcomings of the previous machine learning-based intrusion detection technique,we propose a novel method using Attention Mechanism and AutoEncoder for Intrusion Detection(AMAEID).The AMAEID model first converts the raw hexadecimal message data into binary format to obtain better input.Then the AMAEID model encodes and decodes the binary message data using a multi-layer denoising autoencoder model to obtain a hidden feature representation that can represent the potential features behind the message data at a deeper level.Finally,the AMAEID model uses the attention mechanism and the fully connected layer network to infer whether the message is an abnormal message or not.The experimental results with three evaluation metrics on a real in-vehicle CAN bus message dataset outperform some traditional machine learning algorithms,demonstrating the effectiveness of the AMAEID model.

M/S Controller Area Network(CAN) System Using Shared-Clock Scheduler

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a well established control network for automotive and automation control applications. Time-Triggered Controller Area Network (TTCAN) is a recent development which introduces a session layer,for message scheduling,to the existing CAN standard,which is a two layer standard comprising of a physical layer and a data link layer. TTCAN facilitates network communication in a time-triggered fashion,by introducing a Time Division Multiple Access style communication scheme. This allows deterministic network behavior,where maximum message latency times can be quantified and guaranteed. In order to solve the problem of determinate time latency and synchronization among several districted units in one auto panel CAN systems,this paper proposed a prototype design implementation for a shared-clock scheduler based on PIC18F458 MCU. This leads to improved CAN system performance and avoid the latency jitters and guarantee a deterministic communication pattern on the bus. The real runtime performance is satisfied.

基于MobileViT轻量化网络的车载CAN入侵检测方法

车载控制区域网络(controller area network,CAN)总线因缺少安全措施而易被攻击,因此入侵检测系统(intrusion detection system,IDS)在保护车载CAN总线免受网络攻击中发挥着重要作用.现有基于深度学习的车载CAN总线入侵检测方法存在资源开销大和延迟较高的问题.为减少检测延迟,提高检测率,提出一种利用改进的轻量化MobileViT模型对车载CAN总线进行入侵检测的方法.首先,将攻击流量可视化为彩色图,再使用GELU替换MobileViT的MV2模块中常规ReLU6,从而作为该模块的激活函数,可有效解决神经元死亡问题,提升模型收敛速度.使用指数衰减自动更新学习率,并通过迁移学习加速训练过程实现对彩色图分类,从而达到对入侵行为的检测.基于CAR-HACKING DATASET数据集的实验表明,改进后的MobileViT在消耗较少算力的情况下对入侵行为的检测准确率为100%,模型参数仅为2.12 MB,平均响应时间仅为1.6 ms,节省了训练资源,并保证了检测的准确率.

基于BEGAN的汽车CAN网络入侵检测数据增强方法研究

针对目前汽车CAN网络入侵检测算法因攻击样本缺少而导致数据不平衡问题,提出一种基于BEGAN的CAN入侵检测数据增强方法,引入one-hot编码将CAN报文特征图像化,结合构建的生成对抗网络,生成与真实攻击格式一致且内容差异的有效样本。通过采集实车数据作为真实样本进行训练,从特征图、t-SNE可视化、统计学分析和分类器验证角度验证了所生成的增强数据集的实用性,可提高入侵检测分类器准确率;与传统过采样算法含随机过采样(ROS)、合成少数过采样(SMOTE)、SMOTE-ENN、自适应合成过采样(ADASYN)相比,具有更高的准确率。

Reliability Analysis of Controller Area Network Based Systems—A Review

This paper reviews the research work done on the Reliability Analysis of Controller Area Network (CAN) based systems. During the last couple of decades, real-time researchers have extended schedulability analysis to a mature technique which for nontrivial systems can be used to determine whether a set of tasks executing on a single CPU or in a distributed system will meet their deadlines or not [1-3]. The main focus of the real-time research community is on hard real-time systems, and the essence of analyzing such systems is to investigate if deadlines are met in a worst case scenario. Whether this worst case actually will occur during execution, or if it is likely to occur, is not normally considered. Reliability modeling, on the other hand, involves study of fault models, characterization of distribution functions of faults and development of methods and tools for composing these distributions and models in estimating an overall reliability figure for the system [4]. This paper presents the research work done on reliability analysis developed with a focus on Controller-Area-Network-based automotive systems.

基于改进GAN的智能网联车CAN总线异常检测研究

为提高智能网联汽车(ICVs)的安全性,提出了一种能适应异常流量低的、泛化能力强的控制器局域网(CAN)总线异常检测算法,以应对车辆可能会产生的潜在的和难以察觉的异常情况,有效提高异常数据的检测精度。该文探讨了生成对抗网络(GANs)的理论意义,并在一辆智能网联公交车上,收集了4类不同攻击数据,2类罕见报警数据,基于计算数据的重构误差来衡量异常程度,验证算法的适应性。结果表明:该文提出的算法在低流量数据集Data4上的F1分数和误报率分别达到98.31%和2.90%,超过初始模型及深度卷积生成对抗网络(DCGAN)算法,且对罕见报警数据的误报率减少到3%,说明该算法适用于低流量异常检测,且泛化能力强。

基于UVM的异步接口CAN控制器验证平台

针对带有异步接口的CAN控制器,设计实现了一种基于UVM的随机化、可重用的功能验证平台。该平台使用面向对象的UVM类搭建,代码可重用性更强,开发周期更短;引入随机化程度更高的激励加快功能验证的收敛速度,且更加贴近芯片的实际应用场景;自动化比对机制可以实时地输出结果报告,便于问题的定位和调试。平台独创性地实现了CAN总线代理器和异步接口驱动器两个组件,兼容CAN 2.0B标准协议和Intel/Motorola异步接口时序,实现了平台与DUT的数据交互。实验结果表明,设计验证平台可以有效验证待测设计异步接口CAN控制器。

基于Cortex-M3的串口与CAN转换模块的设计与实现

针对采用控制器局域网络(CAN:Controller Area Network)总线的自动操舵系统和采用串口通讯的航海导航设备之间通讯的不匹配问题,设计了一种基于Cortex-M3嵌入式平台的通信转换模块,实现了串口与CAN总线数据的双向转换功能。同时对传统CAN收发器CTM1050存在的信号稳定性不足、波特率精准度低等问题,提出并实现了一种硬件电路的替代方案,提高了数据通讯的时效性和稳定性。基于CAN2.0B扩展帧,设计了自动操舵系统内部CAN总线协议。该协议可根据报文信息优先级分配标识帧,保证了总线数据的有序传输。实验结果表明,该通讯模块功能使用正常且通讯效果良好,具有一定通用性,可在多种需要转换的设备系统上推广使用。

CAN总线技术在3DX50发射机中的应用

3DX中波发射机上应用了大量的微机单元、现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)器件及控制器局域网络(Controller Area Network,CAN)总线等技术,有效提高了整机的自动化、智能化水平。基于此,分析发射机中的CAN总线结构,并介绍维护过程中遇到该类型故障的处理办法。

银河麒麟系统下基于缓存队列的CAN驱动设计与实现

为使基于FPGA的CAN功能在国产操作系统上得以应用,提出一种在银河麒麟操作系统下基于缓存队列的CAN驱动设计与实现方法。在目前主流的银河麒麟V10操作系统下,利用Linux下PCIe设备驱动架构,设计并实现基于FPGA的国产CAN驱,实现CAN发送、接收通信功能。使用缓存队列解决CAN使用的SJA1000协议中硬件接收缓存有限可能造成的丢包问题。对比测试结果表明,提出的CAN驱动满足通信应用,性能稳定,无丢包发生。实现成果可以转化为第三方库丰富操作系统内核驱动库。

整车CAN网络错误帧研究与应用

控制器局域网络CAN问世以来,凭借其优良的可靠性、实时性、低成本等优势,成为当下商用车和乘用车包括新能源汽车上最普遍的整车通信方式。为满足各种需求,整车CAN通信网络变得越来越复杂,由此引发的错误帧问题也越来越多,导致工程师不得不花费大量精力解决错误帧问题。文章介绍错误帧的类型、错误帧结构和节点设备错误状态,分析引起错误帧的常见原因,最后结合工作中实际案例,分析产生错误帧的原因,可为解决其它CAN错误帧或通信失败问题提供参考。

基于巡检移动机器人运动控制的CAN总线通信技术研究

在现代工业应用中,巡检移动机器人凭借其自动化和智能化的特点,已广泛应用于设备监控与维护领域。这些机器人的有效运作依赖于高效的控制系统和可靠的通信技术。其中,控制器局域网(Controller Area Network,CAN)总线技术因其高可靠性和实时性,在机器人通信系统中占据重要地位。文章详细分析巡检机器人的运动控制需求,并基于这些需求设计针对性的CAN总线通信方案,包括网络结构、数据帧格式以及通信协议和错误处理机制。

基于CANBUS的蓄电池组计算机监测系统

介绍一种由计算机和采集器二级系统组成的蓄电池组计算机监测系统 ,实时监测蓄电池组的总电压、充电电流、放电电流及单体电压等参数 ,详细叙述了采集器的组成 ,蓄电池组单体电压的测量 ,CAN总线的特点。

基于DSP的CANbus机床加工通讯的研究

本文采用了DSP和CAN总线的技术 ,利用DSP的实时和CAN数字传输、分布控制的特点 ,提出了实现现代机床加工控制的新方法 ,使机床加工控制更加高效、方便。

CAN总线时间同步协议测试的研究与分析

CAN总线,以其卓越的特性、低廉的价格、极高的可靠性和灵活的结构,是目前车载通信中应用最广泛的总线之一。本文主要介绍CAN总线时间同步技术,对时间同步机制、时间同步报文帧进行剖析,并着重介绍时间同步的主要测试内容、测试方法等,为进一步提高总线系统运行的精度和安全性提供参考。

Availability evaluation of controller area networks under the influence of intermittent connection faults

Controller area networks(CANs),as one of the widely used fieldbuses in the industry,have been extended to the automation field with strict standards for safety and reliability.In practice,factors such as fatigue and insulation wear of the cables can cause intermittent connection(IC)faults to occur frequently in the CAN,which will affect the dynamic behavior and the safety of the system.Hence,quantitatively evaluating the performance of the CAN under the influence of IC faults is crucial to real-time health monitoring of the system.In this paper,a novel methodology is proposed for real-time quantitative evaluation of CAN availability when considering IC faults,with the system availability parameter being calculated based on the network state transition model.First,the causal relationship between IC fault and network error response is constructed,based on which the IC fault arrival rate is estimated.Second,the states of the network considering IC faults are analyzed,and the deterministic and stochastic Petri net(DSPN)model is applied to describe the transition relationship of the states.Then,the parameters of the DSPN model are determined and the availability of the system is calculated based on the probability distribution and physical meaning of markings in the DSPN model.A testbed is constructed and case studies are conducted to verify the proposed methodology under various experimental setups.Experimental results show that the estimation results obtained using the proposed method agree well with the actual values.

水下控制系统CAN总线技术方案研究

控制器局域网(CAN)最初为汽车应用设计的数字协议,现在已经广泛应用于楼宇自动化、机械制造、安全监控、汽车工业、航空工业等领域。目前,国内尚未有油气开发领域水下控制系统CAN总线技术应用的规范。通过对CAN总线物理层、CAN-open协议的研究,结合道路汽车领域的ISO 11898和CAN-open的CAN-in-Automation(CiA)系列规范,探讨了在深水油气开发领域典型水下采气树CAN总线数据监测的工程设计方法,提出了水下控制系统中CAN总线完整的技术方案。该方案包括速率选择、接口界面、拓扑、线缆类型、数据协议等。随着水下控制系统国产化步伐加快,深入研究并掌握CAN技术,为水下电子模块国产化提供了嵌入式开发的技术方向,可对深水监测仪表及水下控制模块国产化研究的顺利进行起到促进作用。

A Game Theoretic Approach for Inter-Network Interference Mitigation in Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) is an emerging technology to provide real-time health monitoring and ubiquitous healthcare services. In many applications, multiple wireless body area networks have to coexist in a small area, resulting in serious inter-network interference. This not only reduces network reliability that is especially important in emergency medical applications, but also consumes more power of WBANs. In this paper, an inter-network interference mitigation approach based on a power control algorithm is proposed. Power control is modeled as a non-cooperative game, in which both inter-network interference and energy efficiency of WBANs are considered. The existence and uniqueness of Nash Equilibrium in the game are proved, and an optimal scheme based on best response is proposed to find its Nash Equilibrium. By coordinating the transmission power levels among networks under interference environment, the total system throughput can be increased with minimum power consumed. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been illustrated by simulation results, where the performance of the proposed approach is evaluated in terms of overall utility and power efficiency and convergence speed.

Design of Multi-domain Collaborative Simulation System for Dual Clutch Transmission Based on CAN Bus

A multi-domain collaborative simulation(MDCS) system for dual clutch transmission(DCT) was presented based on controller area network(CAN) bus.An interface card of CAN bus was designed,in which MDCS subsystems were linked as the nodes according to the interface mode of MDCS.A DCT simulation model was established based on Matlab/Simdriveline,whose running process was accurately controlled by the designed control system.The playback system of vehicle state(VPS) was proposed whose input was the road-test data,with a real vehicle test environment for the development of transmission control unit(TCU) being provided.A DCT kinematic system model was set up,and the running status of DCT parts could be displayed in real time.The functions of MDCS were verified based on the extra-urban driving cycle(EUDC) and the vehicle road-test data respectively.The results show the functions of MDCS are accomplished,and the unified supporting platform for the development of TCU is achieved by MDCS.