Genetic and Agronomic Parameter Estimates of Growth, Yield and Related Traits of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization

This study evaluated the genetic and agronomic parameter estimates of maize under different nitrogen rates. The trial was established at the Njala Agricultural Research Centre experimental site during 2021 and 2022 in a split block design with three maize varieties (IWCD2, 2009EVDT, and DMR-ESR-Yellow) and seven nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 kg∙N∙ha−1) rates. Findings showed that cob diameter and anthesis silking time (ASI) had intermediate heritability, ASI had high genetic advance, ASI and grain yield had high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), while traits with high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were plant height, ASI, grain yield, number of kernel per cob, number of kernel rows, ear length, and ear height. The PCV values were higher than GCV, indicating the influence of the environment in the studied traits. Nitrogen rates and variety significantly (p < 0.05) influenced grain yield production. Mean grain yields and economic parameter estimates increased with increasing nitrogen rates, with the 30 and 180 kg∙N∙ha−1 plots exhibiting the lowest and highest grain yields of 1238 kg∙ha−1 and 2098 kg∙ha−1, respectively. Variety and nitrogen effects on partial factor productivity (PFPN), agronomic efficiency (AEN), net returns (NR), value cost ratio (VCR) and marginal return (MR) indicated that these parameters were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by these factors. The highest PFPN (41.3 kg grain kg−1∙N) and AEN (29.4 kg grain kg−1∙N) were obtained in the 30 kg∙N∙ha−1 plots, while the highest VCR (2.8) and MR (SLL 1.8 SLL−1 spent on N) were obtained in the 180 kg∙N∙ha−1. The significant influence of variety and nitrogen on traits suggests that increasing yields and maximizing profits require use of appropriate nitrogen fertilization and improved farming practices that could be exploited for increased productivity of maize.

Machine learning-based comparison of factors influencing estimated glomerular filtration rate in Chinese women with or without nonalcoholic fatty liver

BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFLD)has increased recently.Subjects with NAFLD are known to have higher chance for renal function impairment.Many past studies used traditional multiple linear regression(MLR)to identify risk factors for decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).However,medical research is increasingly relying on emerging machine learning(Mach-L)methods.The present study enrolled healthy women to identify factors affecting eGFR in subjects with and without NAFLD(NAFLD+,NAFLD-)and to rank their importance.AIM To uses three different Mach-L methods to identify key impact factors for eGFR in healthy women with and without NAFLD.METHODS A total of 65535 healthy female study participants were enrolled from the Taiwan MJ cohort,accounting for 32 independent variables including demographic,biochemistry and lifestyle parameters(independent variables),while eGFR was used as the dependent variable.Aside from MLR,three Mach-L methods were applied,including stochastic gradient boosting,eXtreme gradient boosting and elastic net.Errors of estimation were used to define method accuracy,where smaller degree of error indicated better model performance.RESULTS Income,albumin,eGFR,High density lipoprotein-Cholesterol,phosphorus,forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),and sleep time were all lower in the NAFLD+group,while other factors were all significantly higher except for smoking area.Mach-L had lower estimation errors,thus outperforming MLR.In Model 1,age,uric acid(UA),FEV1,plasma calcium level(Ca),plasma albumin level(Alb)and T-bilirubin were the most important factors in the NAFLD+group,as opposed to age,UA,FEV1,Alb,lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)and Ca for the NAFLD-group.Given the importance percentage was much higher than the 2nd important factor,we built Model 2 by removing age.CONCLUSION The eGFR were lower in the NAFLD+group compared to the NAFLD-group,with age being was the most important impact factor in both groups of healthy Chinese women,followed by LDH,UA,FEV1 and Alb.However,for the NAFLD-group,TSH and SBP were the 5th and 6th most important factors,as opposed to Ca and BF in the NAFLD+group.

The Convergence Rate of Fréchet Distribution under the Second-Order Regular Variation Condition

In this article we consider the asymptotic behavior of extreme distribution with the extreme value index γ>0 . The rates of uniform convergence for Fréchet distribution are constructed under the second-order regular variation condition.

Global exponential stability for delayed cellular neural networks and estimate of exponential convergence rate

Some sufficient conditions for the global exponential stability and lower bounds on the rate of exponential convergence of the cellular neural networks with delay (DCNNs) are obtained by means of a method based on delay differential inequality. The method, which does not make use of any Lyapunov functional, is simple and valid for the stability analysis of neural networks with delay. Some previously established results in this paper are shown to be special casses of the presented result.

Strong Convergence Rates of Double Kernel Estimates of Conditional Desity Under Stationary Sequences

In the paper,we study the strong convergence rates of double kernel estimates of conditional density under stationary sequences.

Estimates of Convergence Rate of Parallel Multisplitting Itertive Methods

This paper givers an estimated formula of convergence rate for parallel multisplitting iterative method.Using the formula,we can simplify and unify the proof of convergence of PMI_method.

New Estimates for the Rate of Convergence of the Method of Subspace Corrections

We discuss estimates for the rate of convergence of the method of successive subspace corrections in terms of condition number estimate for the method of parallel subspace corrections.We provide upper bounds and in a special case,a lower bound for preconditioners defined via the method of successive subspace corrections.

Seasonal Variation of the Sea Surface Temperature Growth Rate of ENSO

El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) exhibits a distinctive phase-locking characteristic, first expressed during its onset in boreal spring, developing during summer and autumn, reaching its peak towards winter, and decaying over the next spring. Several studies have demonstrated that this feature arises as a result of seasonal variation in the growth rate of ENSO as expressed by the sea surface temperature(SST). The bias towards simulating the phase locking of ENSO by many state-of-the-art climate models is also attributed to the unrealistic depiction of the growth rate. In this study, the seasonal variation of SST growth rate in the Ni?o-3.4 region(5°S–5°N, 120°–170°W) is estimated in detail based on the mixed layer heat budget equation and recharge oscillator model during 1981–2020. It is suggested that the consideration of a variable mixed layer depth is essential to its diagnostic process. The estimated growth rate has a remarkable seasonal cycle with minimum rates occurring in spring and maximum rates evident in autumn. More specifically, the growth rate derived from the meridional advection(surface heat flux) is positive(negative) throughout the year. Vertical diffusion generally makes a negative contribution to the evolution of growth rate and the magnitude of vertical entrainment represents the smallest contributor. Analysis indicates that the zonal advective feedback is regulated by the meridional immigration of the intertropical convergence zone, which approaches its southernmost extent in February and progresses to its northernmost location in September, and dominates the seasonal variation of the SST growth rate.

An Adaptive Load Stepping Algorithm for Path-Dependent Problems Based on Estimated Convergence Rates

A new adaptive(automatic)time stepping algorithm,called RCA(Rate of Convergence Algorithm)is presented.The new algorithm was applied in nonlinear finite element analysis of path-dependent problems.The step size is adjusted by monitoring the estimated convergence rate of the nonlinear iterative process.The RCA algorithm is relatively simple to implement,robust and its performance is comparable to,and in some cases better than,the automatic load incrementaion algorithm existent in commercial codes.Discussions about the convergence rate of nonlinear iterative processes,an estimation of the rate and a study of the parameters of the RCA algorithm are presented.To show the capacity of the algorithm to adjust the increment size,detailed discussions based on results for different limit load analyses are presented.The results obtained by RCA algorithm are compared with those by ABAQUS?,one of the most powerful nonlinear FEA(Finite Element Analysis)commercial software,in order to verify the capability of RCA algorithm to adjust the increment size along nonlinear analyses.

On the L_p Convergence Rate of Kernel Estimates for the Nonparametric Regression Function

Let (X,Y) be an R^d×R^1 valued random vector (X_1,Y_1),…, (X_n,Y_n) be a random sample drawn from (X,Y), and let E|Y|<∞. The regression function m(x)=E(Y|X=x) for x∈R^d is estimated by where, and h_n is a positive number depending upon n only, nad K is a given nonnegative function on R^d. In the paper, we study the L_p convergence rate of kernel estimate m_n(x) of m(x) in suitable condition, and improve and extend the results of Wei Lansheng.

POINTWISE CONVERGENCE RATE OF VANISHING VISCOSITY APPROXIMATIONS FOR SCALAR CONSERVATION LAWS WITH BOUNDARY

This article is concerned with the pointwise error estimates for vanishing vis- cosity approximations to scalar convex conservation laws with boundary.By the weighted error function and a bootstrap extrapolation technique introduced by Tadmor-Tang,an optimal pointwise convergence rate is derived for the vanishing viscosity approximations to the initial-boundary value problem for scalar convex conservation laws,whose weak entropy solution is piecewise C 2 -smooth with interaction of elementary waves and the ...

OPTIMAL CONVERGENCE RATES OF LANDAU EQUATION WITH EXTERNAL FORCING IN THE WHOLE SPACE

In this paper, we combine the method of constructing the compensating function introduced by Kawashima and the standard energy method for the study on the Landau equation with external forcing. Both the global existence of solutions near the time asymptotic states which are local Maxwellians and the optimal convergence rates are obtained. The method used here has its own advantage for this kind of studies because it does not involve the spectrum analysis of the corresponding linearized operator.

On the rate of complete convergence for weighted sums of NSD random variables and an application

In this paper, the complete convergence is established for the weighted sums of negatively superadditive-dependent random variables. As an application, the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund strong law of large numbers for the random weighted average is also achieved, and a simulation study is done for the asymptotic behaviour of random weighting estimator.

Plasma hemoglobin concentration was related to estimated glomerular filtration rate in elderly patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy

Objectives To study the relationship between plasma hemoglobin concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） in elderly patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy （ICM）.Methods Clinical data of patients with coronary heart disease who were discharged from The First Affiliated Hospital,Chongqing Medical University between 2005 and 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Echocardiography results,plasma hemoglobin and creatinine concentration were abstracted from the medical records.The study included 235 Chinese Hart patients with age 60 years and older with angiography confirmed coronary heart disease,silent myocardial ischemia or angina pectoris,of whom 154 had ICM defined as left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVDd）,male≥56 mm,female≥51 mm （63. 51±7.70 mm） measured by M-mode echocardiography.The differences in plasma hemoglobin concentration were analyzed retrospec- tively between patients with and without ICM,and between patients with an eGFR【60 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 and those with an eGFR≥60 ml·min-1·1.73m-2.Results There were no significant differences in plasma hemoglobin concentration and eGFR between ICM and non-ICM group (118.49±20.52 g·L-1 vs.115.80±23.32 g·L-1 and 75.13±24.21 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 vs.79.09±28.41 ml·min- 1·1.73m-2,respectively,both P】0.05).However,in both ICM and non-ICM groups,plasma hemoglobin concentration was lower in those with an eGFR【60 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 compared with compared with those with an eGFR≥60 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 group (112. 29±18.61 g·L-1 vs.119.92±20.74L-1,P【0.05);plasma hemoglobin concentration was related positively to eGFR.Conclusions There were no significant changes in plasma hemoglobin concentration and eGFR;however,plasma hemoglobin concentration was related to eGFR significantly positively in elderly patients with ICM due to coronary heart

CONVERGENCE RATES TO TRAVELLING WAVES FOR A RELAXATION MODEL WITH LARGE INITIAL DISTURBANCE

This paper is concerned with the convergence rates to travelling waves for a relaxation model with general flux functions. Compared with former results in this direction, the main novelty in this paper lies in the fact that the initial disturbance can be chosen large in suitable norm. Our analysis is based on the L^1-stability results obtained by C. Mascia and R. Natalini in [12].

Strong Convergence and Its Rate of Modified Partitioning Estimation for Nonparametric Regression Function under Dependence Samples

In this paper, we study the strong consistency and convergence rate for modified partitioning estimation of regression function under samples that are ψ-mixing with identically distribution.

CONVERGENCE RATE OF AN APPROXIMATION TO MULTIPLE INTEGRAL OF FBM

In this article, we study the rate of convergence of the polygonal approximation to multiple stochastic integral Sp （f） of fractional Brownian motion of Hurst parameter H 〈 1/2 when the fractional Brownian motion is replaced by its polygonal approximation. Under different conditions on f and for different p, we obtain different rates.

CONVERGENCE RATE OF SOLUTIONS TO STRONG CONTACT DISCONTINUITY FOR THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL COMPRESSIBLE RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS MODEL

This paper is concerned with a singular limit for the one-dimensional compress- ible radiation hydrodynamics model. The singular limit we consider corresponds to the physical problem of letting the Bouguer number infinite while keeping the Boltzmann number constant. In the case when the corresponding Euler system admits a contact discontinuity wave, Wang and Xie （2011） [12] recently verified this singular limit and proved that the solution of the compressible radiation hydrodynamics model converges to the strong contact 1 discontinuity wave in the L∞-norm away from the discontinuity line at a rate of ε1/4, as the reciprocal of the Bouguer number tends to zero. In this paper, Wang and Xie＇s convergence rate is improved to ε7/8 by introducing a new a priori assumption and some refined energy estimates. Moreover, it is shown that the radiation flux q tends to zero in the L∞-norm away from the discontinuity line, at a convergence rate as the reciprocal of the Bouguer number tends to zero.

Contributions to Hom-Schunck optical flow equations-part I： Stability and rate of convergence of classical algorithm

Globally exponential stability （which implies convergence and uniqueness） of their classical iterative algorithm is established using methods of heat equations and energy integral after embedding the discrete iteration into a continuous flow. The stability condition depends explicitly on smoothness of the image sequence, size of image domain, value of the regularization parameter, and finally discretization step. Specifically, as the discretization step approaches to zero, stability holds unconditionally. The analysis also clarifies relations among the iterative algorithm, the original variation formulation and the PDE system. The proper regularity of solution and natural images is briefly surveyed and discussed. Experimental results validate the theoretical claims both on convergence and exponential stability.

Convergence Rate of E·B Estimation for Location Parameter Function of One-side Truncated Family Under NA Samples

In this paper, we construct the E·B estimation for parameter function of one-side truncated distribution under NA samples. Also, we obtain its convergence rate at O(n-q), where q is approaching 1/2.