Optical properties of wavelength-tunable green-emitting color conversion glass ceramics

Color conversion glass ceramics are prepared by cosintering borosilicate glass frits and green 0.06Ce：Y2.94（Al1-xGax）5O12 phosphors. The crystal structures, the influence of Ga concentration on the photoluminescence （PL）, and reliability properties of the color conversion glass ceramics are investigated. The PL emission wavelengths of 0.06Ce：Y2.94（Al1-xGax）5O12 glass ceramics show blue shift from 545 nm to 525 nm with increasing Ga content （x value） under excited at 460 nm. Reliability test results show that the quantum yield （QY） of 0.06Ce：Y2.94（Al1-xGax）5O12 glass ceramics decreases from 70.60% to 59.06% with x value increasing from 0.15 to 0.35 under the ambient condition of 85℃/RH85% for the exposure time of 168 h. And the quantum yield （QY） of 0.06Ce：Y2.94（Al1-xGax）5O12 glass ceramics decreases from 65.13% to 52.23% after being soaked into boiled water for 4 h. The finding reveals that the addition of Ga can deteriorate the reliability of the color conversion glass ceramics.

Study on the Relationships between Utilization Ratios and Conversion Rates of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for Wheat

This paper studied the relationships between utilization ratios and conversion rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for wheat by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of wheat by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the conceptual model of fertilizer utilization ratio of wheat for plot was that,Y N≈a+b×optimum nitrogen application amount+c×optimum fertilizer amount of K+d×rainfall in growth season,Y P≈a+b×optimum fertilizer amount of K+c×rainfall in growth season,Y K≈a+b×temperature in growth season+c×rainfall in growth season-d×optimum yield-e×optimum nitrogen application amount,respectively.②Fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient conversion rate had 4 kinds of relationships.No significant relationships:13,of which 8 were soil nutrients,the results showed that soil nutrients had little effect on nutrient conversion rate and fertilizer utilization ratio;consistent significant relationships:4,they were all nitrogen and phosphorus,explaining the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus;contrary significant relationships:6,they were all nitrogen and phosphorus,illustrating that phosphorus and nitrogen had inhibitory effect;complementary significant relationships:31,the cause of the complementary phenomenon was that the fertilizer utilization ratio was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in one season,while the nutrient conversion rate was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in more seasons.It showed that the fertilizer utilization rate was significantly correlated,or the nutrient conversion rate was significantly correlated.

Study on the Relationship between Utilization Ratios and Conversion Rates of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for Rice

This paper studied the relationships between utilization ratios and conversion rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for rice by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of rice by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the conceptual model of fertilizer utilization ratio of rice for plot was that,Y N≈a+b×optimum yield+c×optimum fertilizer amount of K,Y P≈a+b×optimum yield,Y K≈a respectively.②Fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient conversion rate had 4 kinds of relationships:①no significant relationships:25,of which 14 were soil nutrients and 9 were environmental factors,the results showed that soil nutrients and environmental factors had little effect on nutrient yield ratio and fertilizer utilization ratio;②consistent significant relationships:2,one was that yield ratio and utilization ratio of N were positively correlated with the optimum production,explaining the importance of N for production,the other was that yield ratio and utilization ratio of P had a significantly positive correlation with conversion rate and utilization ratio of N,illustrating that nitrogen and phosphorus had mutual promotion;③contrary significant relationships:5,these showed as negative correlations of fertilizer utilization ratio and positive correlation of nutrient conversion ratio;④complementary significant relationships:22,the cause of the complementary phenomenon was that the fertilizer utilization ratio was the index of fertilizer efficiency in one season,while the nutrient conversion rate was the index of fertilizer efficiency in more seasons,which showed that the fertilizer utilization rate was significantly correlated,or the nutrient conversion rate was significantly correlated.

Study on the Relationships between Utilization Ratios and Conversion Rates of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for Maize

This paper studied the relationships between utilization ratios and conversion rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for maize by data mining method based on data of"3414 fertilizer field trials"of maize by published papers from national soil testing and recommendation since 2005.The results and conclusions were as follows:①the conceptual model of fertilizer utilization ratio of maize for plot was that,Y N≈a+b×optimum yield,Y P≈a+b×optimum yield-c×optimum nitrogen application amount-d×optimum potassium application amount,Y K≈a-b×optimum nitrogen application amount-c×temperature in growth season-d×rainfall in growth season,respectively.②Fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient conversion rate had 4 kinds of relationships.No significant relationships:22,of which 16 were soil nutrients and 5 were environmental factors,the results showed that soil nutrients and environmental factors had little effect on nutrient conversion rate and fertilizer utilization ratio;consistent significant relationships:14,illustrating that conversion rate and utilization ratio of maize were consistent in most cases,and it was because that maize was planted for a long term,and its fertilizer absorption law was basically stable;contrary significant relationships:0,illustrating that there was no reverse relationship between conversion rate and utilization ratio of maize;complementary significant relationships:18,the cause of the complementary phenomenon was that the fertilizer utilization ratio was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in one season,while the nutrient conversion rate was the measuring index of fertilizer efficiency in more seasons.It showed that the fertilizer utilization ratio was significantly correlated,or the nutrient conversion rate was significantly correlated.

CO_(2)加氢制甲醇Cu/CeO_(2)催化剂实验研究

考察了第二金属Ni改性对CO_(2)加氢制甲醇Cu/CeO_(2)催化剂活性的影响,并通过XRD、BET、XPS、H_(2)-TPR等手段对改性前后催化剂结构进行了表征。结果表明:金属负载量为20%时,Cu/CeO_(2)的比表面积最大;Cu与Ni质量比为3∶1时,催化剂碱度最大,氧空位含量最高,Cu-Ni协同作用最强;该催化剂在反应温度240℃、反应压力3 MPa、液时空速2400 mL/(g·h)、H_(2)与CO_(2)体积比为3∶1时催化CO_(2)加氢制甲醇效果较优,CO_(2)转化率为18.5%,甲醇时空产率为40.43 g/(kg·h)。

单位涌水量的换算方法对比与讨论

《煤炭矿井防治水设计规范》中规定评价含水层富水性,是利用以孔径91 mm、抽水水位降深10 m为准的钻孔单位涌水量来进行评价,而在应用过程时常面临抽水孔径和抽水水位降深不统一的问题。在传统的单位涌水量的换算方法中,通常对3次抽水试验资料进行拟合修正降深,之后进行井径的换算,并且为方便计算假定R_(91)与R_(孔)相同,其计算误差有待于进一步验证。本研究基于前人3次抽水试验实测数据,提出首先采用迭代计算进行井径的换算,并分别计算R_(91)和R_(孔),之后采用MATLAB软件进行Q-S曲线的拟合展开分析。探究结果表明:提出的方法能够分别计算出R_(91)和R_(孔),两种方法计算的单位涌水量分别为0.148 L/(s·m)和0.1303L/(s·m),结果表明将R_(91)与R_(孔)等效处理,会存在一定的误差。

基于Aspen Plus软件的双酚A装置反应单元流程模拟与优化

利用Aspen Plus流程模拟软件对离子交换树脂法合成双酚A装置反应单元工艺进行了建模,考察了反应单元进料温度、苯酚/丙酮质量比、丙酮至一段反应器比例等参数对丙酮转化率、双酚A收率及其选择性的影响,并对操作参数进行了优化。结果表明:在单因素变化情况下,反应单元进料温度升高,或苯酚/丙酮质量比降低,或丙酮至一段反应器比例增大,均会使双酚A收率和丙酮转化率增大;在一段、二段反应器进料温度分别为65,76℃,苯酚/丙酮质量比为15.0,丙酮至一段反应器比例为1.00的优化条件下,双酚A收率、丙酮转化率分别提高3.96,4.30个百分点。

RK-05型甲醇合成催化剂的工业应用

简单介绍了甲醇合成工艺流程,从单位体积催化剂甲醇产量、生产负荷、合成塔压差、床层温度、转化率五个方面介绍了两批RK-05型甲醇合成催化剂的工业应用情况,结果表明:RK-05型甲醇合成催化剂在使用的初期、中期阶段具有床层温度分布均匀、生产负荷稳步提升、催化剂转化率比较稳定、甲醇产量较好等特点。

新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州棉秆产业化能源燃料生产研究

新疆和巴音郭楞蒙古自治州地区是棉花生产大区,棉花种植规模大、产量高、质量好,为当地经济发展和居民生活水平的提高作出了重要贡献。棉花生产附带产生的棉秆体量非常庞大,对棉秆进行资源化利用就显得十分重要。传统的棉秆利用和处理方式不仅造成棉秆资源的大量浪费、影响农村妇女的身体健康,还会诱发严重的环境污染。文章根据巴州地区棉花种植面积大的特点,对棉花秸秆的总体产量及其能源转换和产业化利用方式进行了研究,给出了能源转换和产业化利用的主要内容,同时给出了产业基地选择的原理和途径,能够为其他地区棉秆的利用提供参考。

重组左聚糖蔗糖酶生产左聚糖工艺优化

利用5 000 L发酵罐中试所得的大肠杆菌重组枯草芽孢杆菌左聚糖蔗糖酶酶制剂转化蔗糖生产左聚糖,并优化其工艺条件。选择反应pH值、反应温度和蔗糖质量浓度为主要影响因素,分别以蔗糖转化率和左聚糖产量为响应值,利用Box-Behnken响应面试验对酶法合成左聚糖工艺条件进行优化。响应面试验结果表明:在重组左聚糖蔗糖酶浓度1.6 U/mL、反应pH6.3、反应温度26℃、410 g/L蔗糖的条件下反应30 h,得到的左聚糖产量最高,为(138.59±2.90)g/L,比优化前提高了约80%。在酶浓度1.6 U/mL、反应pH6.5、反应温度24℃、310 g/L蔗糖的条件下反应30 h,得到最高蔗糖转化率(36.73±0.60)%,比优化前提高了约19%。上述优化条件在5 L反应体系中可保持稳定的生产效率,为规模化酶法生产左聚糖的工业应用提供了技术基础。

不同新型磷肥对黄瓜产量、品质及磷肥利用率的影响

为了探明不同新型磷肥对黄瓜产量、品质及磷肥利用效率的影响,遴选适合黄瓜的最优新型磷肥品种,为土壤-黄瓜-新型磷肥匹配提供理论依据。选用不同新型磷肥进行田间栽培试验和室内培养试验,以黄瓜为研究对象,设置4个处理:不施磷肥(CK)、普通磷酸二铵(DAP)、控失活化磷酸二铵(LC-DAP)和聚磷酸铵(APP)。通过田间试验探究不同新型磷肥对黄瓜品质和磷肥利用率的影响;基于室内培养试验利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段解析新型磷肥对磷有效性的化学增效机制。结果显示:与DAP处理相比,APP处理中黄瓜产量增加18.5%,黄瓜可溶性糖和维生素C含量分别提高了33.5%和16.7%,硝酸盐含量降低了3.7%。相比DAP处理,LC-DAP与APP处理均可以显著提高土壤有效磷含量和黄瓜植株磷素累积量(P<0.05),磷肥吸收利用率分别提高了4.7%和10.9%,磷肥贡献率分别提高了13.6%和13.4%;磷肥农学利用率分别提高了170.4%和172.9%;磷肥偏生产力分别提高了18.3%和18.5%,除磷肥吸收利用率外,LC-DAP与APP处理差异不大,APP处理磷肥吸收利用率增幅最大。通过XRD、FT-IR、和XPS等技术得出APP处理残留物的H2PO4-形态磷酸盐含量占比最高,为36.54%,比DAP处理高出15.0%,这表明施用APP可减少难溶性磷酸盐产生。结果表明,与普通磷酸二铵相比,控失活化磷酸二铵和聚磷酸铵均可显著提高黄瓜产量及磷肥利用率,并可改善品质,其中以聚磷酸铵效果最佳。聚磷酸铵可更有效地减少磷肥固定,提高土壤可溶性正磷酸盐含量,从而保障磷肥持续供应。

煤直接液化工艺最佳转化率及收率

煤直接液化工艺中的主要工艺变量是反应器温度、反应器操作压力、空速等,而煤直接液化工艺的主要性能特征为煤转化、渣油转化、气体产率和液体产率。通过分析影响煤直接液化工艺反应变量,根据煤直接液化工艺反应在一定反应温度、反应压力下,探讨煤直接液化工艺不同运行负荷煤粉转化率、液体收率、气体收率、沥青收率的最佳运行条件,同时通过不同试验数据综合分析,最终得出适合煤直接液化工艺工业化装置运行的最佳条件。煤直接液化工艺反应在相同反应温度、反应压力下,煤粉转化率随着物料地停留时间增加而增大,液体收率随物料停留时间增加而增大,煤中液体产量随负荷的增大而增大,气体收率随物料停留时间增加而增大,沥青收率随物料停留时间增加而增大,综合能耗随煤直接液化工艺装置负荷的增大增幅不大。在相同反应温度、反应压力下,煤直接液化工艺最佳转化率和收率为煤直接液化工艺装置60%负荷(干煤粉空速0.22 t/(h·m^(3)))。煤直接液化工艺装置工业化运行,需保证一定的产能和经济效益,除考虑转化率和各收率尽可能高的情况下,还需考虑综合能耗和煤中生成目标产物的产量。综合分析,在反应温度、反应压力一定的情况下,煤直接液化工艺装置运行负荷(干煤粉空速0.3 t/(h·m^(3))以上)较高时,经济效益较高。

低生焦、高液体产品产率的催化裂化工艺研究

针对加氢重油催化裂化过程碳排放主要来自烧炭再生过程和焦炭产率过高导致碳原子经济性差的问题,提出了优化催化裂化原料性质和提高焦炭产率突变点对应的转化率的技术思路;进而,形成了低生焦、高液体产品产率的催化裂化工艺,并根据目标产品的不同形成了多产燃料油组分、兼产汽油技术方案与多产丙烯、丁烯和燃料油组分方案。结果表明:采用溶剂脱沥青工艺优化加氢重油原料性质后,使用大孔Y分子筛(CGP-1)催化剂的多产燃料油组分、兼产汽油技术方案的焦炭产率降幅为39.52%,液体产品产率增加5.84百分点;使用中孔MFI分子筛(TCC-1)催化剂的多产丙烯、丁烯和燃料油组分方案的焦炭产率降幅为80.05%,液体产品产率提高12.22百分点。

偏三甲苯异构化制均三甲苯用Ag改性HZSM-5催化剂性能

在偏三甲苯异构化制均三甲苯反应中,以理想三甲苯混合系统为模型,通过热力学计算,得到混合三甲苯体系在不同反应温度下的平衡组成,以及偏三甲苯异构化反应温度区间内偏三甲苯转化率、均三甲苯选择性及其收率;在此基础上,对HZSM-5催化剂进行Ag金属改性,在加压固定床上评价其对偏三甲苯异构化的催化性能,并对反应温度、反应压力、质量空速等工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:在混合三甲苯的平均热力学平衡组成中,n(连三甲苯)∶n(偏三甲苯)∶n(均三甲苯)为0.052∶0.674∶0.274;在异构化反应温度区间内,偏三甲苯的转化率为32.6%,均三甲苯的选择性、收率分别为75.6%,27.4%;在反应温度280℃、反应压力1.6 MPa、质量空速1.0 h-1、Ag加入质量分数1%、氢油摩尔比为5的优化反应条件下,偏三甲苯的转化率为33.80%,均三甲苯的选择性为71.34%,均三甲苯单程收率最高可达24.90%。

直馏柴油最大量生产重石脑油两段加氢裂化技术研究

开展了以直馏柴油为原料最大量生产重石脑油的两段加氢裂化工艺及配套催化剂的研究。结果表明:在不同转化深度下,采用催化剂B时重石脑油收率最高,催化剂A次之,催化剂C最低。一段加氢裂化催化剂与二段加氢裂化催化剂均选择活性适宜的灵活型加氢裂化催化剂B时重石脑油选择性最佳,一段转化深度60%、二段转化深度50%的工艺条件下,重石脑油收率达到73.15%,同时芳烃潜含量为49%,可作为优质的催化重整装置原料。通过工艺优化在二段反应器引入部分柴油原料,进一步提升重石脑油选择性,优化后重石脑油收率由73.15%提升至73.34%,同时液体产品收率由92.20%提高至92.25%。

硅胶对ZSM-5分子筛合成及性能影响

分别以B,C型硅胶为固体硅源合成ZSM-5分子筛,采用X射线衍射仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、比表面和孔径分布测定仪、化学吸附仪对2种ZSM-5分子筛进行表征,并对2种分子筛制成的催化裂化催化剂的催化性能进行评价。结果表明:2种分子筛相对结晶度均达到了90%以上,离子交换不会影响分子筛的晶相;以C型硅胶为固体硅源制得的分子筛(C-HZSM-5)的总比表面积为366.17 m^(2)/g;当C-HZSM-5用于催化剂成分时,原料油转化率比以B型硅胶为固体硅源制得的分子筛(B-HZSM-5)低1.4个百分点,但丙烯收率高0.16个百分点;当C-HZSM-5用于助剂成分时,液化气收率比B-HZSM-5高1.52个百分点,丙烯收率高0.91个百分点。

LYT-1高产苯歧化催化剂的开发及工业应用

针对近年来市场纯苯价格高于对二甲苯和甲苯的情形,中国石油辽阳石化公司利用芳烃/甲苯歧化技术,采用新型分子筛配合金属活性组分为原料,开发了新型高产苯歧化催化剂LYT-1,适用于歧化原料为纯甲苯或传统歧化原料m(甲苯)∶m(C≥9芳烃)为9.0的工况,并首次工业化应用于48万t/a歧化装置。运行标定结果表明:在反应温度370℃、反应压力2.50 MPa、n(氢气)∶n(芳烃)为4、质量空速2.5 h-1、歧化原料m(甲苯)∶m(C≥9芳烃)为9.0的工况下,新型LYT-1催化剂的适应性及运行稳定性较好,其甲苯转化率、苯产物选择性均值分别为51.19%,42.20%;相较于该装置在用的BHAT-1型传统歧化催化剂,其甲苯转化率、苯产物选择性分别提高了9.15,2.11个百分点。

不同生育时期膜下滴灌谷子叶面积折算系数和叶面积指数的变化规律

针对吴忠市红寺堡区产业单一效益不高、水资源严重匮乏且水资源利用率不高的问题,以膜下滴灌谷子为研究对象,利用2022年试验数据研究了不同生育时期膜下滴灌谷子叶面积折算系数与叶面积指数的变化规律。结果显示:4个生育时期谷子的叶面积折算系数分别为1.42、1.50、1.53和1.50;经过验证,R 2分别为0.997、0.991、0.986和0.990;纳什效率系数E f分别为0.992、0.989、0.979和0.984,叶面积折算系数模拟结果良好。不同时期全试验区叶面积指数逐渐增长且增长率逐渐减小;灌浆成熟期叶面积指数为6.96。不同试验处理下叶面积指数整体呈现增长的趋势;J_(90)、Q_(110)、B_(110)、J_(110)、B_(130)、J_(130)与B_(150)处理生育后期均出现负增长;B_(110)、B_(130)、B_(150)处理灌浆成熟期的叶面积指数是合理的。高产灌溉制度下平均谷子产量随着叶面积指数的增加呈先减少后增加的趋势。该研究结果为谷子叶面积测量与叶面积指数及产量相关研究提供了一定参考依据。

中低温煤焦油悬浮床加氢中试试验

以陕北中低温全馏分煤焦油为原料,进行了悬浮床加氢连续进料中试试验,考察了反应温度、空速、催化剂加入量等工艺条件对加氢反应的影响。结果表明:在反应温度445℃、反应压力20 MPa、空速0.5 h^(-1)、催化剂加入量(占煤焦油的质量分数)2%、氢油比(氢气体积与煤焦油质量比)2000 L/kg的优化工艺条件下,重组分转化率、沥青质转化率、液体收率、气体收率依次为84.72%,85.96%,92.45%,5.53%。

烯转化收率提升的技术开发与应用

环己醇生产工艺主要采用环己烯水合法,针对该工艺反应烯转化较低,环己醇收率不高的难题,采用实验模拟和生产应用相结合的方法研究水合反应及催化剂再生机理,考察了反应温度、催化剂浓度、催化剂再生条件及反应浆液体系环境等对烯转化收率的影响,证明了反应温度与负荷的匹配关系,印证了最佳催化剂浓度在25%~30%区间。通过优化反应及再生过程参数控制,可有效维持浆液环境稳定,实现了在减少副反应生成的前提下,获取高转化收率的技术方法,有效解决了生产过程中制约转化收率提升的技术瓶颈,在产品的产能、质量上取得了较大突破。