Tailored multifunctional hydrazine derivatives for efficient printable hole-conductive-free mesoscopic perovskite solar cells via enhancing defect passivation

The low-cost and easy large-scale fabrication advantages of printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells(p-MPSCs)are overshadowed by their limited photovoltaic conversion efficiency(PCE).Here,we introduce the hydrazide derivative of 4-Hydroxybenzoylhydrazine(4-HBH)to improve the PCE of p-MPSCs by inducing enhanced defect passivation.Both carbonyl and hydrazine groups in hydrazide groups present strong interaction with perovskite.The hydroxyl group,as an electron donor group,increases the electron cloud density of the hydrazide group in 4-HBH under the conjugation of the benzene ring,and thus enhances its interaction with perovskite.Additionally,the hydroxy group itself interacts with perovskite and passivates defects synergistically.The hydrazine agents can also reduce I2and suppress the loss of iodine in perovskite films,which inhibits the formation of iodine-related defects.Consequently,p-MPSCs with 4-HBH achieve a high PCE of 19.21%,and present well improved stability.

Major Powers Cooperate in a Mild and Coordinated Way

Lu:If the tense situations in the Middle East and Northeast Asiabecome relaxed,it would certainly exert great influence on world politi-cal pattern.Can non-traditional security solve the contradictions in thetraditional security field?Will the major powers continue to cooperate inthe anti-terrorist campaign?All these issues will face challenges

The Game Changer China Pakistan Economic Corridor （CPEC）： A SWOT Analysis

China Pakistan Economic Corridor （CPEC） is dreamed to be the game changer not only for China and Pakistan but other 50 regional, Middle East, Central Asian Republics, and European countries too. It is one of its kind a huge project with billion US$ investment by China. Since its inception, the internal controversies and disputes in Pakistan on the sharing of benefits as well as interests and concerns of the regional and international players are posing threats to it. The review article aims to investigate and analyze the strengths and weakness and opportunities and threats （SWOT） for CPEC. To analyze the qualitative data, a computer based software program ATLAS.ti was used by employing multiple methods like discourse, hermeneutics, and heuristic by Moustakas. The schematic model of the theoretical framework elaborates the association and impact between and on the dependent, independent, and mediating variables of the study. It was found that if the security, political support, internal and external threats, coordination and cooperation and involvement of stakeholders are properly addressed, the CPEC will bear the fruits.

The Road to Common Prosperity

Pooling the ideas of all parties,the Belt and Road Summit this May aimed to help align and coordinate the development strategies of the countries along the two routes to realize mutual complementarity and common prosperity.

Coordination and Cooperation are Essential: A Call for a Global Network to Enhance Integrated Human Health Risk Resilience Based on China’s COVID-19 Pandemic Coping Practice

More than a year after its appearance and still rampant around the world,the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted tragically how poorly the world is prepared to handle systemic risks in an increasingly hyper-connected global social-ecological system.The absence or clear inadequacy of global governance arrangements and mechanisms is painfully distinct and obvious.In this short article,we summarize a set of COVID-19 pandemic-related analyses and lessons that are inspired by Chinese practice.First,strong government response is one of the most important methods to control a pandemic.Second,countries should be concerned about human-to-frozen goods-to-human transmission.Third,sharing resources and experiences through cooperation is crucial to ensure an adequate health response.Based on these insights,we stress the critical importance of coordination and cooperation,and call for a global network to enhance integrated human health risk resilience.

Research and practice on system engineering management of a mobile payment project

The popularization of the mobile internet has given rise to demand for flexible and convenient payment methods. For China, it is necessary to keep pace with or even lead the trend of innovation and development in the age of mobile payment. From the perspective of systems engineering, this paper introduces research and implementation of China Union Pay's mobile payment project. The general requirements and core engineering problems of the mobile payment project are summarized based on analyses of the characteristics and engineering difficulties of this project. Integration of innovative technologies is introduced to resolve the contradiction between ease-of-use and security. A rapid iterative development process is adopted to improve the product release efficiency as well as the users' experience. The launch of the mobile payment project also opens the window to coordinating and upgrading the whole payment industry chains.

A Low-Cost Testbed of Underwater Mobile Sensing Network

Comprised by a swarm of acoustically linked and cooperative autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs) with onboard sensors,an underwater mobile sensing network(UMSN) will be a complementary means to fixed observatory networks,e.g.seafloor observatory networks and moored buoy arrays.It has obvious advantages over a single large AUV in higher efficiency due to parallel observation,stronger robustness to vehicle failures and lower cost.Although an UMSN can be viewed as a counterpart of wireless mobile sensing networks for air and terrestrial applications,it is much more challenging due to poor performance of underwater acoustic communication, poor performance of underwater positioning and high degree of uncertainty in vehicle dynamics and underwater environment.In order to verify key technologies involved in an UMSN,e.g.cooperation of multi-AUVs based on acoustic communication,a low cost testbed has been developed for experimental study.The design of both hardware and software is introduced.Also the results of a functional test for verification of the effectiveness of the testbed are presented.

Soil conservation and sustainable development goals(SDGs)achievement in Europe and central Asia:Which role for the European soil partnership?

Voluntary soil protection measures are not sufficient to achieve sustainable soil management at a global scale.Additionally,binding soil protection legislation at national and international levels has also proved to be insufficient for the effective protection of this almost non-renewable natural resource.The European Soil Partnership(ESP)and its sub-regional partnerships(Eurasian Sub-Regional Soil Partnership,Alpine Soil Partnership)were established in the context of FAO's Global Soil Partnership(GSP)with the mission to facilitate and contribute to the exchange of knowledge and technologies related to soils,to develop dialogue and to raise awareness for the need to establish a binding global agreement for sustainable soil management The ESP has taken a role of an umbrella network covering countries in Europe and Central Asia.It aims to improve the dialogue in the whole region and has encouraged establishing goals that would promote sustainable soil management taking into account various national and local approaches and priorities,as well as cultural specificities.The ESP first regional implementation plan for the 2017—2020 period was adopted and implemented along the five GSP pillars of action.Building on the experience of the last four years,this study demonstrates that establishing sub-regional and national partnerships is an additional step in a concrete sustainable soil management implementation process.It also suggests that a complementary approach between legal instruments and voluntary initiatives linked to the development of efficient communication and strong commitment is the key to success.