复合催化剂合成可降解共聚酯PBAT及性能表征

通过钛酸四丁酯、正硅酸乙酯以及磷酸三乙酯的反应制备了一种复合催化剂,然后以1,4-丁二醇、己二酸和对苯二甲酸为原料,使用该复合催化剂通过直接酯化法合成了聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇-co-聚己二酸丁二酯(PBAT)。研究了酯化率、缩聚时间对合成的PBAT特性黏度的影响,重点对比了制备的复合催化剂与传统聚酯催化剂的活性。采用核磁共振、傅里叶变换红外光谱对聚合物的结构进行了表征。结果表明,当酯化率由80%增加至95%时,PBAT的特性黏度从0.95 dL/g增加到1.25 dL/g;随着缩聚反应时间的增加,PBAT的特性黏度先增加后减小,当缩聚时间为65 min时,PBAT的特性黏度达到最大,为1.25 dL/g。当制备的复合催化剂质量分数为0.025%时,PBAT的特性黏度可以达到1.1 dL/g以上,并且缩聚温度只需要240℃左右(传统的催化剂需要270℃以上),这大大降低了反应能耗。从熔融温度、结晶温度、拉伸断裂强度以及断裂伸长率等性能测试结果来看,采用自制复合催化剂合成的PBAT的结晶温度为84.75℃,拉伸断裂强度为26.2 MPa,断裂伸长率为870%,性能得到了更好的提升。

生物可降解无纺布材料研究进展

随着人们对于绿色环保理念的重视,生物可降解无纺布材料因兼备性能优异、环境友好且用途广泛等优势,不仅是现阶段的研究热点,未来也极具发展潜力。本文按照天然高分子型、微生物型和化学合成型3种不同原料来源,对可降解聚合物无纺布的性能特点和国内外研究现状进行了概述和分析,重点介绍了几种常见的脂肪族聚酯类合成型可降解无纺布材料,并展望了未来发展趋势。

固相聚合对萘环液晶聚芳酯结构与性能的影响

为解决液晶聚芳酯熔融缩聚反应后期由于反应温度和熔体黏度过高导致的降解交联副反应以及成形加工困难等问题,以6-羟基-2-萘甲酸(HNA)、2,6-萘二羧酸(NDA)、对苯二甲酸(TA)、4,4'-二羟基联苯(BP)为原料,采用原位一锅熔融聚合法制备了低分子量萘环热致液晶聚芳酯,并对其进行固相聚合。通过差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪、偏光显微镜、X射线衍射和熔融指数仪对固相聚合后的液晶聚芳酯结构与性能进行了测试。结果表明,液晶聚芳酯的熔融温度和结晶度受聚合时间和温度的影响较大,呈现出先增加后降低的变化趋势,但并不会改变聚芳酯的晶体结构,同样属于正交晶型。此外,固相聚合在温度305℃下反应12 h,液晶聚芳酯热学和结晶性能得到明显改善;高于此时间和温度时聚芳酯的熔点开始降低,热降解反应开始进行,热稳定性和结晶性能下降。

利用废弃聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯制备共聚酯PBCAT

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)凭借其优异的综合性能被广泛用于包装行业,但PET在自然条件下难以降解,极易造成环境污染。为缓解该问题,文中对废弃PET进行解聚回收并将产物转化为新型可生物降解共聚酯。首先确定了以丁二醇(1,4-BDO)为醇解剂的最佳醇解条件,PET的解聚率可达99%,醇解产物的实际产率可达理论产率的80%。借助红外光谱、核磁共振及液相-质谱联用仪(LC-MS)等,证明醇解产物主要是对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯及少量的二聚、三聚体(记为BHBT)。分别以醇解产物BHBT及对苯二甲酸(PTA)为原料制备了新型共聚酯——聚对苯二甲酸己二酸-丁二醇环己烷二甲醇酯(分别记为rPBCAT和PBCAT);分析对比了rPBCAT和PBCAT的结构及性能,发现BHBT可以替代PTA参与共聚反应,rPBCAT具有与PBCAT相同的化学结构,rPBCAT具有同样优良的热性能和力学性能,其T-5%为344.2℃,拉伸强度为9.98 MPa,断裂伸长率达726.7%。综上表明,废弃PET可成功回收并转化为高附加值的新型共聚酯,为解决非降解型聚酯的白色污染提供了新途径,具有显著的经济和社会价值。

聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-co-辛二酸丁二醇酯)的合成与性能

采用熔融缩聚法,以1,4-丁二醇、己二酸和辛二酸为原料,合成了聚己二酸丁二醇酯、聚辛二酸丁二醇酯和系列聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-co-辛二酸丁二醇酯)共聚酯,并对材料性能进行了分子结构、结晶性,热性能和降解性能等方面的研究。研究表明,不同比例己二酸、辛二酸和1,4-丁二醇共聚后,提高了聚己二酸丁二醇酯的热稳定性,改善了聚辛二酸丁二醇酯的生物降解性能。部分辛二酸单元取代己二酸后,提高了聚酯的结晶性能、热稳定性能、酶降解性能,降低聚酯的熔点。当己二酸与辛二酸比例为30:70时,与PBA相比,其热稳定性提高了27℃;与PBSub相比,完全降解时间缩短了20 h。

一种无机改性导电共聚酯的研究

涤纶是聚酯纤维习惯叫法,具有强度高、易清洗、染色牢度高、技术成熟、生产成本低的优点,是理想的纺织品原料,但它的缺点也很明显,其分子结构中缺少亲水性基团,因此纤维的公定回潮率低,纤维互相摩擦产生的静电不容易快速消散,积累的静电到一定程度时会击穿空气瞬间释放产生火花,危害生产安全。本研究以硅藻土、海藻酸钠分散在乙二醇中配制成吸湿改进剂,在分子链中接枝少量亲水性的磺酸基团,增加纤维的吸湿率,从源头降低体积比电阻。

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF COMONOMERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF COPOLYESTERS

The effect of different kinds of comonomers with or without flexible chain on properties of copolyesters, such as transition temperature, crystallization velocity, crystallinity and size Of crystallites, is studied. The experimental results indicate the obvious difference in properties between comonomers with iso-and ortho-structure of phenyl ring and comonomers with flexible chain. The influence of chemical structure of comonomers on properties of copolyesters is discussed.

Preparation and characterization of biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters/nano-SiO_2 hybrids via in situ melt polycondensation

In situ melt polycondensation was proposed to prepare biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters/nano-SiO2 hybrids based on terephthalic acid （TPA）, poly（L-lactic acid） oligomer （OLLA）, 1,4-butanediol （BDO） and nano-SiO2. TEM and FT-IR characterizations confirmed that TPA, OLLA and BDO copolymerized to obtain biodegradable copolyesters, poly（butylene terepbthalate-co-lactate） （PBTL）, and the abundant hydroxyl groups on the surface of nano-SiO2 provided potential sites for in situ grafting with the simultaneous resulted PBTL. The nano-SiO2 particles were chemically wrapped with PBTL to form PBTL/nano- SiO2 hybrids. Due to the good dispersion and interfacial adhesion of nano-SiO2 particles with the copolyester matrix, the tensile strength and the Young＇s modulus increased from 5.4 and 5.6 MPa for neat PBTL to 16 and 390 MPa for PBTL/nano-SiO2 hybrids with 5 wt.% nano-SiO2, respectively. The mechanical properties of PBTL/nano-SiO2 hybrids were substantially improved.

A mechanistic study of flame retardance of novel copolyester phosphorus containing linked pendant groups by TG/XPS/direct Py-MS

The flame retardant mechanism of the copolyester phosphorus containing linked pendant groups was investigated by thermogravimetric （TG）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and direct insertion probe pyrolysis mass spectrometry （DP-MS） technique. TG results show that the incorporation of phosphorus containing unit linked pendant groups can destabilize the copolyester due to the cleavage of P-CH2 bond, and phosphorus containing units cannot promote the char-formation of the copolyester during the thermal degradation of the copolyester. XPS spectra indicate that with the increase of the temperature, the P-CH2 bonds of the copolyester break down gradually, the concentration of phosphorus in the condensed phase products decrease gradually and the chemical state of phosphorus does not change in the temperature of 250-380 ℃. Direct pyrolysis MS suggests that the P-CH2 bonds cleavage occurs at pendant groups and species containing phosphorus can volatilize into the gas phase. A flame retardant mechanism is proposed for the gas phase mode of action of the halogen-free copolyester phosphorus containing linked pendant groups.

SYNTHESIS AND AVERAGE SEQUENCE LENGTH DETERMINATION OF AROMATIC-ALIPHATIC COPOLYESTERS CONTAINING POLY(ALKYLENE OXALATE)UNITS

Two series of aromatic-aliphatic random copolyesters(PEBTOXS)with diverse diol ratios have been synthesized by direct melting polycondensation.Two kinds of diols(glycol(EG)and 1,4-butanediol(BD))are used in combination in order to adjust crystallization and tensile properties,and three kinds of diacids(dimethyl terephthalate(DMT),diethyl oxalate(DEOX),and sebacic acid(SA))are involved.~1H-NMR spectra quantify both composition and structure,and show that the final contents in copolyesters appropriate to the ...

Synthesis and Structure of Butylene Terephthalate-ε-Caprolactone Copolyesters

A series of butylene terephthalate-E-caprolactone copolyesters (BCL) with different hard segment content were successfully synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR. DSC. PLM and U viscometer, The sequence structure and crystallization characteristics of BCL copolyesters were carefully investigated.

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(terephthalic acid-2,5-furandicarboxylic acid-1,8-octanediol) Copolyester

Terephthalic acid,2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and 1,8-octanediol were adopted as monomers and antimony trioxide as catalyst,and poly(terephthalic acid-2,5-furandicarboxylic acid-1,8-octanediol) copolyesters identified as PEOT-x,where x is the mole fraction of furandicarboxylic acid in the samples,were synthesized by direct esterification.The molecular structure of the copolyesters was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy.Gel permeation chromatography (GPC),differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the molecular weight,molar mass dispersity,glass transition temperature,and thermal stability of the copolyesters,respectively.The mechanical properties of the samples were also investigated.The number-average molecular weight (M_(n)) of the samples varies from 9 700-18 800 g/mol,and molar mass dispersity (■=M_(w)/M_(n)) from 2.15-3.34.The initial decomposition temperature of the copolyesters is in the 332-356 ℃ range,with maximum decomposition rates at 390-410 ℃,while the glass transition temperature (Tg) varies from 0-33 ℃.Mechanical test shows that PEOT-10 has the highest tensile strength,while PEOT-90 has the largest tensile modulus and elongation at break.The experimental results show that these copolyesters can be synthesized with relatively high molecular weights,good thermal stability,and fair mechanical properties,which makes them excellent replacements for commercial polyesters,such as PET,and these properties can be tuned through the relative amounts of biomass monomer 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid used in the reactions.

Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Copolyester

Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT) synthesized via direct esterification and polycondensation reactions was investigated by the differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The Avrami equation modified by Jeziorny and the Z.S.Mo equation were employed to describe the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of copolyester samples.The test results showed that the Avrami equation was successful in describing nonisothermal crystallization process of PBAT copolyesters.PBAT copolyester could give birth to secondary crystallization.The crystallization parameter(Zc) increased with an increasing cooling rate and the Avrami exponent(n) was around 2.3.For a given cooling rate,the value of Zc demonstrated a sagging trend with an increase in adipic acid(AA) content.The equation proposed by Z.S.Mo was successful in describing the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PBAT copolyesters.

Research in the Degradation and Antifouling Performance of Copolyesters of L-Lactide and ε-Caprolactonen

Block copolyesters of L-lactide and ε-caprolactone were synthesized by melt copolymerization of ε-caprolactone and L-lactide.The degradation performance of copolyesters was investigated by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation(QCM-D).Diisocyanate terminated copolyesters could obtain via the reaction of copolyesters and diisocyanate.Diisocyanate terminated copolyesters could react with polyol resin to prepare degradable polyurethane which can be used in antifouling coatings.In this paper,we also discussed the degradation products release action and antifouling performance of the copolyesters film.

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF POLY(LACTIC ACID-CO-GLYCOL TEREPHTHALIC ACID)COPOLYESTER

To obtain a kind of biodegradable polymer material with satisfactory properties, a new biodegradable copolyester poly（lactic acid-co-glycol terephthalate） （PETA）, was synthesized from three monomers of lactic acid, glycol and terephthalic acid. The resulting copolyesters, PETA, were characterized by FT-IR, ^1H-NMR, DSC, TGA and by the ways of weight loss rate to characterize their biodegradability. The findings in this work indicated that, the Tins and Tas of copolyesters PETA increased with increasing contents of the terephthalic acid units. From the biodegradation tests in natural soil, boiling water, acid buffer solution and alkali buffer solution, it was shown that the biodegradability of copolyesters PETA decreased with increasing contents of the terephthalic acid units.

PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF AROMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE COPOLYESTERS

The properties and structures of thermotropical liquid crystalline copolyesters based on p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), terephthalic acid (TPR) and bisphenol A (BPA) were studied by DSC, WAXD, hot stage polarized microscopy and NMR. It was found that most of the copolyesters were soluble in many common organic solvents. The copolyesters had low T-m/T-f values and a broad range of liquid crystal phase, making the polymers readily melt-processable. The effects of annealing at different temperatures on the copolyester containing 33% PHBA were also discussed. It was noted that annealing at ca. 200 degrees C (below Tc - n) could lead to the increasing of the crystallinity of the copolyester while the microstructure and sequence structure had not changed. Annealing at ca. 280 degrees C (near Tc - n) could bring a change of crystal and sequence structure and simultaneously made the microdomains be ordered more perfectly.

MOLECULAR CHAIN STRUCTURE AND CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF PB-ET COPOLYESTER

The molecular chain structure and crystalline structure of PB-ET copolyester made by con-densation polymerization are studied by means of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(13C NMR),dynamic mechanical analysis （DMA）,wide angle X-ray scattering （WAXS）,depolarized light intensity （DLI） and stress-strain measurement（S-S）.It is shown that PB-ETcopolyester is a random copolymer.Because of different ratios of EG（ethylene glycol）to BD（butane diol）in the copolyester,its crystalline forms and mechanical properties vary remarkably.With the increasing amount of BD,its crystallization kinetic parameters n,k and t1/2-1 increaserapidly.When EG/BD equals 25/75 （mole ratio）,the copolyester has αβ transition as PBTdoes.

THE NON—ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS OF A LIQUID CRYSTALLINE RANDOM COPOLYESTER WITH DIFFERENT COMPOSITIONS

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics analysis of liquid crystalline random copolyestercomposed of p-oxybenzoate (B) and 2, 6-oxynaphthoate (N) monomers was carried out by meansof differential scanning calorimetry basing on Ziabicki and Jeziorny method. Although the compo-sition of 58/42 B-N copolyester had poorer thermodynamic crystallizability comparing with thoseof 30/70 and 75/25, its kinetic crystallizability Go was slightly larger. This fact was due to thepoorer match of sequences of 58/42 B-N in domains of nematic melt,and therefore better mobilityof chains during crystallization. The Avrami exponents of three composition species were allabout 2. 5, implying two dimensional growth in so-called non-periodic layer crystallites and a mixture of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation.

INFLUENCE OF POLYMER CHARACTERISTICS AND MELT-SPINNING CONDITIONS ON THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH RANDOMNESS 60PHB/PET THERMOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTAL COPOLYESTER FIBER

Six samples of linear high randomness 60PHB/ PET thermotropic liquid crystal copolyesters are made by melt copolymerization at 290℃ , whose randomness about 0.955 is measured by the discernible ’H-NMR spectrometer. High tenacity, high module fiber is prepared by melt spinning in liquid crystal phase. The effect of molecular weight, shear rate, temperature as well as spinning drawn ratio on the mechanical behavior of 60PHB / PET copolyester fiber are shown that, lower shear rate (2 10 s-1), higher temperature melting （300℃ ）, lower temperature spinning （280℃ ） and higher molecular weight are favourable to the increase of the fiber mechanical properties. With the variance of drawn ratio, fiber mechanical property has a transition point due to traversion from shear-orientation to drawn-orientation. The copolyester fiber has high crystallinity, high orientation at the crystalline region, high chain orientation and high regular fibrillar structure.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THERMOTROPIC COPOLYESTERS AND COPOLY (ESTER-AMIDE)S CONTAINING OXYETHYLENE-ETHER AS THE SPACER

Flexible oxyethylene-ether was introduced into the aromatic copolyesters and copoly (ester-amide)s to reduce the melting point of resulting polymers. The melting point was greatly reduced to 200 degrees C or even lower in some cases, and the molecular weight was satisfactorily high as reflected by inherent viscosity. The polymers exhibited high thermal stability and good mechanical properties as determined by TGA and mechanical tests. The copolyester showed better crystallinity and liquid crystallinity than corresponding copoly (ester-amide)s with similar monomer composition as reflected by POM observation and WAXD study. The melting points for both copolyesters and copoly (ester-amide)s showed great dependence on the p-acetoxybenzoic acid (PAB) content in monomer composition and reached the lowest value when PAB was 29 mol%.