Aim To study the effects of binuclear copper （Ⅱ） threonine complex （Cu2 （Thr）4） as analogue of superoxide dismutase （SOD） on blood glucose, blood lipids and vessels of hearts and kidneys in diabetic mice. Met...Aim To study the effects of binuclear copper （Ⅱ） threonine complex （Cu2 （Thr）4） as analogue of superoxide dismutase （SOD） on blood glucose, blood lipids and vessels of hearts and kidneys in diabetic mice. Methods Diabetic mouse model was established by intraperitioneal injection of alloxan. Low, middle, and high doses of Cu2（Thr）4 at 0.002%, 0.02% and 0.1% were given respectively to diabetic mice following lavage. The fasting blood glucose was determined after the diabetic mice were given Cu2 （Thr）4 for 0, 30, and 45 d. The diabetic mice were killed on the 45th day. Then glycosylated hemoglobin （HbAlc） and blood lipids were assayed, and pathologic changes in hearts and kidneys stained with HE were observed. Results Compared with the control group in which the diabetic mice were given distilled water, the value of blood glucose reduced significantly in middle dose group （P 〈 0.01 ）, followed by that in low dose group （P 〈 0.05）. TC level reduced markedly and HDL level increased significantly in all three treatment groups （P 〈 0.05）. Especially in middle dose group, cardiac muscle fibers were neatly arranged, nucleus and cytoplasm well distributed, glomeruli showing normal structure, cells well distributed and staining being normal. Conclusion Cu2 （Thr）4 reduces blood glucose, regulates blood lipids, and play protective action on the vessels of hearts and kidneys in diabetic mice. The effects of it in middle dose were better than those of other doses.展开更多
Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is...Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is meticulously maintained through a complex network of copper-dependent proteins,including copper transporters(CTR1 and CTR2),the two copper ion transporters the Cu-transporting ATPase 1(ATP7A)and Cu-transporting beta(ATP7B),and the three copper chaperones ATOX1,CCS,and COX17.Disruptions in copper homeostasis can lead to either the deficiency or accumulation of copper in brain tissue.Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal copper metabolism or copper binding to various proteins,including ceruloplasmin and metallothionein,is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.However,the exact mechanisms underlying these processes are not known.Copper is a potent oxidant that increases reactive oxygen species production and promotes oxidative stress.Elevated reactive oxygen species levels may further compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause mitochondrial dysfunction.Reactive oxygen species serve as key signaling molecules in copper-induced neuroinflammation,with elevated levels activating several critical inflammatory pathways.Additionally,copper can bind aberrantly to several neuronal proteins,including alphasynuclein,tau,superoxide dismutase 1,and huntingtin,thereby inducing neurotoxicity and ultimately cell death.This study focuses on the latest literature evaluating the role of copper in neurodegenerative diseases,with a particular focus on copper-containing metalloenzymes and copper-binding proteins in the regulation of copper homeostasis and their involvement in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.By synthesizing the current findings on the functions of copper in oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and protein misfolding,we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which copper contributes to a wide range of hereditary and neuronal disorders,such as Wilson's disease,Menkes'disease,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and multiple sclerosis.Potential clinically significant therapeutic targets,including superoxide dismutase 1,D-penicillamine,and 5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline,along with their associated therapeutic agents,are further discussed.Ultimately,we collate evidence that copper homeostasis may function in the underlying etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases and offer novel insights into the potential prevention and treatment of these diseases based on copper homeostasis.展开更多
The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays a...The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays an important role in the central nervous system, where it is associated with glutamatergic signaling, and it is widely involved in inflammatory processes. Thus, diseases involving copper(Ⅱ) dyshomeostasis often have neurological symptoms, as exemplified by Alzheimer's and other diseases(such as Parkinson's and Wilson's diseases). Moreover, imbalanced copper ion concentrations have also been associated with diabetes and certain types of cancer, including glioma. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive overview of recent results that show the importance of these metal ions in several pathologies, mainly Alzheimer's disease, through the lens of the development and use of copper chelators as research compounds and potential therapeutics if included in multi-target hybrid drugs. Seeing how copper homeostasis is important for the well-being of animals as well as humans, we shortly describe the state of the art regarding the effects of copper and its chelators in agriculture, livestock rearing, and aquaculture, as ingredients for the formulation of feed supplements as well as to prevent the effects of pollution on animal productions.展开更多
Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central ne...Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central nervous system.Central copper dysregulations have been evidenced in two genetic disorders characterized by mutations in the copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B,Menkes disease and Wilson’s disease,respectively,and also in multifactorial neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple sclerosis.This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology,reports about unbalances in copper levels and/or distribution under disease,describes relevant animal models for human disorders where copper metabolism genes are dysregulated,and discusses relevant therapeutic approaches modulating copper availability.Overall,alterations in copper metabolism may contribute to the etiology of central nervous system disorders and represent relevant therapeutic targets to restore tissue homeostasis.展开更多
The kinetics of extraction and stripping of copper （Ⅱ） was investigated by the single drop technique with a new extractant N902 （a derivative of the salicylal-doxime） and the rate equations of extraction and stri...The kinetics of extraction and stripping of copper （Ⅱ） was investigated by the single drop technique with a new extractant N902 （a derivative of the salicylal-doxime） and the rate equations of extraction and stripping were derived, respectively. The apparent activation energies of extraction and stripping were estimated to be 20.14 kJ/mol and 30.0 k J/mol.展开更多
Sawdust xanthate modified with ethanediamine was used for the removal of Cu（Ⅱ） and Ni（Ⅱ） from aqueous solution. The influence of various operating parameters such temperature and adsorbent dosage on the adsorpti...Sawdust xanthate modified with ethanediamine was used for the removal of Cu（Ⅱ） and Ni（Ⅱ） from aqueous solution. The influence of various operating parameters such temperature and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption isotherms of modified sawdust was investigated. Thermodynamic parameters, namely Gibbs free energy （△GΘ）, enthalpy （△HΘ） and entropy （△SΘ） of Cu（Ⅱ） and Ni（Ⅱ） adsorption process were calculated, showing that the adsorption is a spontaneous and exothermic process. The modified extended Langmuir equation approaches provide excellent prediction of the binary adsorption. In single and binary systems, the overall adsorption data were best described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model, then the calculated values of activation energy of Cu（Ⅱ） and Ni（Ⅱ） adsorption process were 59.12 and 55.92 kJ/mol respectively. The results show that the affinity of each metal ion onto the modified sawdust surface is influenced by the presence of the other one.展开更多
Efficient heterojunction organic photovoltaic （OPV） cells are fabricated based on copper tetra-methyl phthalocyanine （CuMePc） as donor and fullerene （C60） as acceptor. The power conversion efficiency of CuMePc/C...Efficient heterojunction organic photovoltaic （OPV） cells are fabricated based on copper tetra-methyl phthalocyanine （CuMePc） as donor and fullerene （C60） as acceptor. The power conversion efficiency of CuMePc/C60 OPV cell （2.52%） is increased by 88% compared with that of the non-peripheral substituted copper phthalocyanine （CuPc）/C60 OPV cell （1.34%）. The introduction of methyl substituent leads to stronger π–π interaction of CuMePc （～ 3.5 ？） than that of CuPc （～ 3.8 ？）. The efficiency improvement is attributed to the enhanced carrier mobility of CuMePc thin film （1.1×10-3 cm2/V·s） and better film morphology by introducing methyl groups into the periphery of CuPc molecule.展开更多
Aggregation behavior of C.I.Direct Blue 86 was discussed using analyses of its UV-Vis spectra.The experiment results show that the dye molecules are inclined to aggregate in aqueous solution.Even in a very dilute solu...Aggregation behavior of C.I.Direct Blue 86 was discussed using analyses of its UV-Vis spectra.The experiment results show that the dye molecules are inclined to aggregate in aqueous solution.Even in a very dilute solution of 0.050μmol/L,A618/A659 =1.2398,showing that the dye monomers still coexist with its dimers.The strong aggregation trend may cause dye precipitates at a higher concentration,which is an important factor that should be considered in producing a formula of ink-jet inks containing the dye as a colorant.展开更多
基金Acknowledgments The National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC20807057） and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province （2008CDB374） are gratefully acknowledged for financial support.
文摘Aim To study the effects of binuclear copper （Ⅱ） threonine complex （Cu2 （Thr）4） as analogue of superoxide dismutase （SOD） on blood glucose, blood lipids and vessels of hearts and kidneys in diabetic mice. Methods Diabetic mouse model was established by intraperitioneal injection of alloxan. Low, middle, and high doses of Cu2（Thr）4 at 0.002%, 0.02% and 0.1% were given respectively to diabetic mice following lavage. The fasting blood glucose was determined after the diabetic mice were given Cu2 （Thr）4 for 0, 30, and 45 d. The diabetic mice were killed on the 45th day. Then glycosylated hemoglobin （HbAlc） and blood lipids were assayed, and pathologic changes in hearts and kidneys stained with HE were observed. Results Compared with the control group in which the diabetic mice were given distilled water, the value of blood glucose reduced significantly in middle dose group （P 〈 0.01 ）, followed by that in low dose group （P 〈 0.05）. TC level reduced markedly and HDL level increased significantly in all three treatment groups （P 〈 0.05）. Especially in middle dose group, cardiac muscle fibers were neatly arranged, nucleus and cytoplasm well distributed, glomeruli showing normal structure, cells well distributed and staining being normal. Conclusion Cu2 （Thr）4 reduces blood glucose, regulates blood lipids, and play protective action on the vessels of hearts and kidneys in diabetic mice. The effects of it in middle dose were better than those of other doses.
基金supported by the Notional Natural Science Foundation of Chino,No.82160690Colloborotive Innovation Center of Chinese Ministry of Education,No.2020-39Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province,No.ZK[2021]-014(all to FZ)。
文摘Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is meticulously maintained through a complex network of copper-dependent proteins,including copper transporters(CTR1 and CTR2),the two copper ion transporters the Cu-transporting ATPase 1(ATP7A)and Cu-transporting beta(ATP7B),and the three copper chaperones ATOX1,CCS,and COX17.Disruptions in copper homeostasis can lead to either the deficiency or accumulation of copper in brain tissue.Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal copper metabolism or copper binding to various proteins,including ceruloplasmin and metallothionein,is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.However,the exact mechanisms underlying these processes are not known.Copper is a potent oxidant that increases reactive oxygen species production and promotes oxidative stress.Elevated reactive oxygen species levels may further compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause mitochondrial dysfunction.Reactive oxygen species serve as key signaling molecules in copper-induced neuroinflammation,with elevated levels activating several critical inflammatory pathways.Additionally,copper can bind aberrantly to several neuronal proteins,including alphasynuclein,tau,superoxide dismutase 1,and huntingtin,thereby inducing neurotoxicity and ultimately cell death.This study focuses on the latest literature evaluating the role of copper in neurodegenerative diseases,with a particular focus on copper-containing metalloenzymes and copper-binding proteins in the regulation of copper homeostasis and their involvement in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.By synthesizing the current findings on the functions of copper in oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and protein misfolding,we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which copper contributes to a wide range of hereditary and neuronal disorders,such as Wilson's disease,Menkes'disease,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and multiple sclerosis.Potential clinically significant therapeutic targets,including superoxide dismutase 1,D-penicillamine,and 5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline,along with their associated therapeutic agents,are further discussed.Ultimately,we collate evidence that copper homeostasis may function in the underlying etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases and offer novel insights into the potential prevention and treatment of these diseases based on copper homeostasis.
文摘The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays an important role in the central nervous system, where it is associated with glutamatergic signaling, and it is widely involved in inflammatory processes. Thus, diseases involving copper(Ⅱ) dyshomeostasis often have neurological symptoms, as exemplified by Alzheimer's and other diseases(such as Parkinson's and Wilson's diseases). Moreover, imbalanced copper ion concentrations have also been associated with diabetes and certain types of cancer, including glioma. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive overview of recent results that show the importance of these metal ions in several pathologies, mainly Alzheimer's disease, through the lens of the development and use of copper chelators as research compounds and potential therapeutics if included in multi-target hybrid drugs. Seeing how copper homeostasis is important for the well-being of animals as well as humans, we shortly describe the state of the art regarding the effects of copper and its chelators in agriculture, livestock rearing, and aquaculture, as ingredients for the formulation of feed supplements as well as to prevent the effects of pollution on animal productions.
文摘Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central nervous system.Central copper dysregulations have been evidenced in two genetic disorders characterized by mutations in the copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B,Menkes disease and Wilson’s disease,respectively,and also in multifactorial neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple sclerosis.This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology,reports about unbalances in copper levels and/or distribution under disease,describes relevant animal models for human disorders where copper metabolism genes are dysregulated,and discusses relevant therapeutic approaches modulating copper availability.Overall,alterations in copper metabolism may contribute to the etiology of central nervous system disorders and represent relevant therapeutic targets to restore tissue homeostasis.
基金Project supported by the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Grant No.S30109)the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle(SWUST)+1 种基金the Ministry of Education(Grant No.09zxgk02)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.09DZ1204403)
文摘The kinetics of extraction and stripping of copper （Ⅱ） was investigated by the single drop technique with a new extractant N902 （a derivative of the salicylal-doxime） and the rate equations of extraction and stripping were derived, respectively. The apparent activation energies of extraction and stripping were estimated to be 20.14 kJ/mol and 30.0 k J/mol.
基金Project(41061044)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2010GXNSFD013016,2012GXNSFAA053017)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi,China
文摘Sawdust xanthate modified with ethanediamine was used for the removal of Cu（Ⅱ） and Ni（Ⅱ） from aqueous solution. The influence of various operating parameters such temperature and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption isotherms of modified sawdust was investigated. Thermodynamic parameters, namely Gibbs free energy （△GΘ）, enthalpy （△HΘ） and entropy （△SΘ） of Cu（Ⅱ） and Ni（Ⅱ） adsorption process were calculated, showing that the adsorption is a spontaneous and exothermic process. The modified extended Langmuir equation approaches provide excellent prediction of the binary adsorption. In single and binary systems, the overall adsorption data were best described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model, then the calculated values of activation energy of Cu（Ⅱ） and Ni（Ⅱ） adsorption process were 59.12 and 55.92 kJ/mol respectively. The results show that the affinity of each metal ion onto the modified sawdust surface is influenced by the presence of the other one.
基金Project supported by the Special Funds for the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries in Shenzhen City,China(Grant No.JCYJ20120830154526537)Start-up Funding of the South University of Science and Technology of China,and the Strategic Research Grant of the City University of Hong Kong(Grant No.7002724)
文摘Efficient heterojunction organic photovoltaic （OPV） cells are fabricated based on copper tetra-methyl phthalocyanine （CuMePc） as donor and fullerene （C60） as acceptor. The power conversion efficiency of CuMePc/C60 OPV cell （2.52%） is increased by 88% compared with that of the non-peripheral substituted copper phthalocyanine （CuPc）/C60 OPV cell （1.34%）. The introduction of methyl substituent leads to stronger π–π interaction of CuMePc （～ 3.5 ？） than that of CuPc （～ 3.8 ？）. The efficiency improvement is attributed to the enhanced carrier mobility of CuMePc thin film （1.1×10-3 cm2/V·s） and better film morphology by introducing methyl groups into the periphery of CuPc molecule.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No50673062)
文摘Aggregation behavior of C.I.Direct Blue 86 was discussed using analyses of its UV-Vis spectra.The experiment results show that the dye molecules are inclined to aggregate in aqueous solution.Even in a very dilute solution of 0.050μmol/L,A618/A659 =1.2398,showing that the dye monomers still coexist with its dimers.The strong aggregation trend may cause dye precipitates at a higher concentration,which is an important factor that should be considered in producing a formula of ink-jet inks containing the dye as a colorant.
