黄麻(corchorus olitorius L.)花青素的性状遗传及其表现的影响因素

1986～1988年对长果黄麻(Corchorus olitorius L.)花青素的性状遗传及其表现作了研究。结果表明,长果黄麻花青素遗传受一对等位基因控制。花青素的合成需要光照条件,但合成的速度和含量则决定于糖浓度。光照强弱和供氮水平对花青素含量的影响,是通过对糖浓度的影响而起作用。合成花青素的细胞可能与合成叶绿素有关。花青素在体内可以转移。

Enhanced Growth and Yield Performance of Cassava Peel Compost and Mineral Fertilizer on Corchorus olitorius L.

Application of inorganic fertilizers improves crop yields but costs and adverse health effects often discourage their applications. This study therefore aims at evaluating the combined effects of cassava peel compost with poultry manure and mineral fertilizer on growth and yields of Corchorus olitorius. Pots （factorial laid out in a randomized complete block design） and field （split-plot with fertilizer being the main effect and the varieties the sub plot effect） experiments were carried out during rainy season at Ibadan, Nigeria. Treatments consisted of 0, 5, l0 and 20 t/ha composts prepared from cassava peel and poultry manure in ratio 3：1 and mineral fertilizer （NPK 15：15：15） at the rate of 250 kg/ha, using two varieties of C. olitorius. Five and six weeks after planting （WAP）, plants were assessed for growth and yields in pot and field experiments respectively, and also in residual studies. Application of compost significantly improved growth （heights） （36.50-41.56 cm）, while morphological and dry weight values increased with increase in compost. Marketable yield increase of 13.2%, 22.3%, 32.1% and 29.3% were recorded using 5, 10, 20 t/ha compost and NPK fertilizer respectively in the field. Corresponding increase when ratooned were 40.0%, 42.9%, 57.1% and 52.0%, respectively. Application of compost at the rate of 20 t/ha performed better in the main and residual effect experiments compared to NPK fertilizer and other compost rates. Application of cassavas peels compost at the rate of 20 t/ha proved to be adequate for optimum growth and yield performance of C. olitorius.

Domestic Wastewater Treatment through the Application of Corchuros olitorius L. as Bio-Coagulant in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

This research paper presented the potential of Corchuros olitorius L.as a natural coagulant in the removal of turbidity,total suspended solids,and biochemical oxygen demand from the domestic wastewater of the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines.Optimization of the natural coagulant and synthetic coagulant was employed prior to the treatment design.The jar test method was used in the optimization and lab analysis including the gravimetric method,dilution technique,and digital measurements.The optimization results of Corchuros olitorius L.using the jar test method revealed better removal at a lower dosage of 50 mg/L and a higher settling time of 90 minutes.The characterization using FTIR analysis also suggests a functional group that influences coagulation activity.Using the optimum dose and optimum settling time,results with the different treatment designs showed the highest removal at pH 7 showed%BOD removal of 89.78%(A75C25);85.98%(A25C75);88.76%(A50C50).TSS removal measured values of 88.50%(A75C25),85.56%(A25C75),and 87.16%(A50C50),while turbidity removal of 83.47%(A75C25),80.27%(A25C75),and 80.27%(A50C50).Statistically,measured values differ between treatment designs.It is suggested to investigate removal efficiency in more varied pH conditions,different settling times,stirring speed,and other variables for future studies.

Corchorus olitorius aqueous extract attenuates quorum sensing-regulated virulence factor production and biofilm formation

Objective:To investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius aqueous fraction(COAF)on quorum sensing(QS)-regulated virulence factors and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PAO1).Methods:The preliminary screening of the anti-QS effect of COAF was performed by evaluating the anti-pathogenic activity against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 biosensor strain.Next,the inhibitory effects of COAF on QS-regulated pyocyanin production,proteolytic and elastolytic activities,swarming motility,and biofilm formation were evaluated in PAO1.Results:The results showed that the treatment of COAF significantly decreased the biofilm biomass,attenuated virulence factors,and inhibited swarming motility of PAO1 without affecting the growth of the bacteria in a dose-dependent manner.COAF at 2000μg/mL significantly decreased Las B elastase activity in PAO1 culture,exopolysaccharide production,swarming motility,pyocyanin level,and biomass of PAO1 by 55%(P<0.05),60%(P<0.01),61%(P<0.01),65%(P<0.01)and 73%(P<0.01),respectively.In addition,the production of violacein was decreased by 62%(P<0.01)with the treatment of a high dose of COAF.Conclusions:These findings indicate that COAF can be a potential source of anti-QS agents.

Skin Hydrating Effects of <i>Corchorus olitorius</i>Extract in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis

Background: Corchorus olitorius leaf contains a significant amount of mucilaginous polysaccharide. It has been generally accepted that the polysaccharides derived from botanical extracts increase skin hydration. Since skin hydration improves skin barrier function, it is one of the most effective treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD). However, other components of botanical extracts other than polysaccharides may influence skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the hydration efficacy and skin barrier protection afforded to the skin after exposure to Corchorus olitorius extract without high-molecular-weight compounds (COEW), such as polysaccharides. Methods: NC/Nga mice possess disrupted skin barrier function, and were used as a model for AD. A stable base cream was supplemented with 0.2% COEW and applied to the dorsal skin of these mice. Skin hydration and TEWL were analyzed after a 14-d period of daily application. AD scores and plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations were also investigated. Results: Compared to control mice, mice treated with the COEW cream showed significantly increased skin hydration and reduced TEWL. Plasma IgE concentrations were not affected by the COEW cream, whereas an increase in AD score in NC/Nga mice was prevented because of the application of the COEW cream. Conclusions: COEW has the ability to maintain hydration of the skin, and to prevent the disruption of skin barrier function, which leads to the aggravation of AD. COEW may be used as an adjunct treatment for AD.

Molecular phylogeny of the genus Corchorus(Grewioideae,Malvaceae s.l.) based on nuclear rDNA ITS sequences

A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Corchorus(Grewioideae,Malvaceae s.l.)is presented,based on sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region for 144 accessions representing 47 species.Several other genera from the subfamily Grewioideae,namely Pseudocorchorus,Triumfetta,Sparrmannia,Entelea,and Grewia,were included as outgroups.The monophyly of the genus was well supported by all phylogenetic analyses(maximum likelihood,Bayesian approaches,and parsimony),and Corchorus was divided into four major clades.The majority of African species formed a statistically highly supported and distinct clade separated from the other pantropically distributed species.Several endemic species from Australia,New Caledonia,and tropical America were nested within this distinct clade,indicating dispersal from Africa to the rest of the pantropics.Based on the taxa included in this study,the two cultivated species(C.olitorius and C.capsularis)shared a common ancestry with wild species of C.africanus,C.brevicornatus,C.pseudocapsularis,C.pseudo-olitorius,C.urticifolius,C.pilosus,C.orinocensis,and C.cunninghamii.Pseudocorchorus,previously considered an accepted genus,was nested within the genus Corchorus and shared a common ancestry especially with C.depressus and C.siliquosus.Based on morphological and anatomical similarity as well as the results of the present molecular findings,inclusion of the six Pseudocorchorus species into Corchorus is proposed,with Pseudocorchorus as a synonym of Corchorus.Of the included outgroup taxa,Triumfetta is the closest sister to Corchorus,while the common ancestor of Corchorus/Pseudocorchorus,Triumfetta,Sparrmannia,and Entelea is Grewia.A further phylogenetic study with more taxa mainly from Australia,together with additional molecular markers and morphological investigation,would help to test the hypothesis on the biogeography and growth form evolution of the genus Corchorus.

黄麻与其他物种HD-ZIPⅠ和LEA14蛋白序列同源性及其盐胁迫表达分析

利用黄麻与水稻、拟南芥和大豆等的HD-ZIPⅠ和LEA14蛋白的相似性构建系统进化树,并以耐盐性不同的两个黄麻品种福农1号(较耐盐)和中黄麻1号(较敏感)为材料,利用实时荧光定量PCR分析盐胁迫下HDZ4和LEA14基因的表达情况.结果表明:在黄麻中鉴定到10个与其他作物具有同源性的HD-ZIPⅠ编码蛋白,其与大豆、拟南芥(双子叶)的蛋白序列相似度高于与水稻(单子叶)的相似度,与拟南芥的进化分歧时间明显短于与水稻的进化分歧时间,表明HD-ZIPⅠ家族基因在单子叶和双子叶植物中存在功能分化;鉴定到1个与其他作物同源性较高的LEA14编码蛋白,其与棉花的进化关系最近.在盐胁迫处理下,HDZ4在不同黄麻品种及不同时间点的表达量没有明显差异;而LEA14在中黄麻1号中的表达量随时间延长呈先下调再上调最后下调的趋势,在福农1号中的表达量呈先上调后下调的趋势,同时,在福农1号中的表达量整体高于在中黄麻1号中的表达量;LEA14在两个黄麻品种叶片中的表达量均高于在根部的表达量,并且在两个品种叶片和根部的表达量均在盐处理48 h时达到高峰.

Utilization of Urine for Cultivation of Selected Vegetable Crops in Backyard “Peeponics”

This study evaluated the use of urine for soilless cultivation (as Peeponics) of Amaranthus viridis and Corchorus olitorius vegetables. This is a laboratory-based experiment involving optimization of amount of urine and dilution required for optimal growth of the test plants. Based on laboratory results, the experiments were scaled up. About 50 L of raw urine was collected from a male postgraduate student’s hall of residence, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Water from Awba Dam, a natural lake within University of Ibadan, was used as the control. Viable seeds of Amaranthus viridis and Corchorus olitorius were collected from Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, and germinated in a nursery for 10 days before transplanting. The raw urine was diluted with varying amount of water in the ratio 1:1 through 1:50. Nutrients in urine media (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and biomass indicators of plant growth (height, weight, number of leaves and leaf area) were determined using standard procedures. Urine dilution ratios below 1:25 did not support the experimental plants growth within a week. Plant height (cm), stem girth (cm), number of leaves (sheets) and leaf area (cm2) of Amaranthus viridis and Corchorus olitorius cultivated on Urine Dilution Ratio (UDR) 1:35 and 1:45 were higher at the end of week 3 compared to other dilutions and control. Percentage reduction of nutrients (NPK) in the media of Amaranthus viridis cultivated on UDR 1:45 was several folds higher (N = 59.9%, P = 100%, K = 55.3%) compared to that of UDR 1:35 (N = 38.5%, P = 49.1%, K = 37.6%). In the control water, the nutrients were totally removed during the experimental period. Growth of Corchorus olitorius cultivated on both UDR 1:35 and 1:45, was significantly higher at the end of week 6. A significant negative correlation was observed between Corchorus olitorius plant height and Phosphorus (r = -0.0418;p < 0.05) removal in the media. The study concluded that the use of diluted human urine for soilless cultivation of vegetables, if encouraged, could promote food security and environmental sustainability at household level in communities.

长果种黄麻SRAP标记遗传连锁图谱的构建及3个质量性状基因定位

【目的】构建黄麻遗传连锁图谱,定位质量性状基因,为今后有关黄麻基因组结构、重要农艺性状QTL定位、分子标记辅助育种和基因克隆等研究工作奠定基础。【方法】以甜麻(黄麻野生种)和宽叶长果(黄麻栽培品种)为杂交亲本,构建了187个F2单株作为作图群体,利用513对SRAP引物进行遗传图谱构建,并对3个质量性状基因(托叶色、叶柄色、叶缘色)进行了定位。【结果】122个SRAP多态性标记位点和这3个形态学标记被定位在该图谱上,初步构建的长果种黄麻遗传连锁图谱全长2 231.9 cM,包含10个连锁群,每个连锁群有2—38个标记位点,2个标记间平均间距为17.86 cM。【结论】该图谱上的标记位点均匀分布在10个连锁群上,没有出现标记位点聚集的现象,表明SRAP标记十分适合黄麻遗传图谱的构建。

圆果黄麻纤维素合成酶基因CcCesA1的克隆及利用反义载体转化拟南芥

以圆果黄麻(Corchorus capsularis L.)"179"茎部韧皮为材料,利用同源克隆和RACE技术,克隆黄麻纤维素合成酶基因CcCesA1 5′端500 bp序列外的全部cDNA。其序列长度为2529 bp,编码627氨基酸残基,经Blast基因比对和蛋白质结构分析,确定是黄麻纤维素合成酶基因。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,CcCesA1在植株不同部位表达量具组织差异性,依次为茎部韧皮>根>叶>顶芽>麻骨。利用CcCesA1基因部分cDNA序列和3′UTR区,构建黄麻CcCesA1基因反义载体,用测序验证的阳性质粒转化模式植物拟南芥。Southern杂交结果表明,外源基因以单拷贝方式整合进入基因组,转基因拟南芥生长严重受阻,植株变得矮小且茎部易弯曲倒伏,角果数量变少,长度变短,纤维素含量有不同程度的降低,本研究结果表明,所克隆的黄麻CcCesA1基因除了参与植物其他生理代谢过程外,还参与纤维素的生物合成。

长蒴黄麻总黄酮的提取及其抗氧化性

为长蒴黄麻的开发利用提供参考依据,对超声波协同乙醇提取长蒴黄麻黄酮的效果进行了研究,并进行了长蒴黄麻黄酮的抗氧化性试验。结果表明,最优提取条件为温度42℃、料液比1∶35、乙醇浓度80%、提取时间25min,在此条件下长蒴黄麻总黄酮的提取率为2.577%。长蒴黄麻黄酮提取物对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基具有一定的清除作用。

不同黄麻品种对重金属污染农田镉的富集和转移效率研究

为研究黄麻(Corchorus capsularis L.)植株对重金属污染农田中Cd的富集和转移效率,以湖南省株洲县为试验区,研究3个黄麻品种6个植株器官的干物质积累、Cd富集和转移特征。结果表明:木质部和韧皮部是黄麻植株干物质积累的主要器官;不同品种的黄麻及其器官间的Cd含量均呈显著差异,3个品种中连红黄麻各器官的Cd含量均高于闽侯红皮和黄麻179。6个植株器官中,蒴果和叶柄的Cd含量显著高于其他器官,平均值分别为4.75 mg·kg^-1和4.27 mg·kg^-1,其他器官Cd含量均值从高到低依次为叶片>根部>木质部>韧皮部;地上部器官间Cd转移效率研究表明,3个品种地上部的Cd转移系数均在1以上。Cd从木质部和韧皮部到叶柄和蒴果的转移能力较强,从根部到木质部和韧皮部、从叶柄到叶片的转移能力较弱。对黄麻Cd总富集量评估表明,连红黄麻的总富集量最高,每公顷可富集53.3 g的Cd,木质部占总富集量的33.11%~42.99%。研究表明,黄麻对中度Cd污染农田中的Cd有较高的富集和转移能力,可作为植物修复材料加以利用。

PEG模拟干旱胁迫对11份黄麻种子萌发的效应

【目的】筛选出萌发期抗旱性较强的黄麻品种,并建立黄麻萌发期抗旱性评价体系。【方法】在聚乙二醇(PEG)(PEG6000)模拟干旱胁迫条件下,采用培养皿法对11个黄麻种子进行发芽试验,PEG设6个浓度处理,分别为(A)5%、(B)10%、(C)15%、(D)20%、(E)25%,测定种子发芽各项指标。【结果】随着PEG处理浓度的升高,黄麻种子的相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对发芽指数、相对活力指数、相对胚根长、相对胚芽长均呈下降趋势;低浓度PEG(5%)处理促进黄麻种子胚根的生长,而较高浓度PEG(10%～25%)处理则抑制其胚根生长;圆果种黄麻中以圆09-30、圆09-35发芽最好,圆3号最差;长果种黄麻中以长09-41、长09-40发芽最好,长09-1最差。【结论】5%～10%的PEG可作为区分长果种黄麻萌发期抗旱性差异的适宜浓度,15%～20%的PEG可作为区分圆果种黄麻萌发期抗旱性差异的理想浓度。

适用于黄麻根部蛋白质组学分析的双向电泳技术

以黄麻品种‘9511’幼苗为试验材料,研究其根部蛋白提取方法的得率及不同的蛋白样品溶解方法、电泳上样量和IPG胶条pH范围对双向电泳图谱的影响。结果表明：采用三氯乙酸（TCA）/丙酮沉淀法提取黄麻根部蛋白质,蛋白得率为80 mg/g;蛋白粉末溶解采用两次水化法,裂解液中含有7 mol/L尿素、2 mol/L硫脲、4%CHAPS、65 mmol/L DTT、0.2%载体两性电解质和1 mmol/L PMSF,能够较充分地溶解蛋白质,且制备的样品浓度能够满足双向电泳上样要求;上样量为400μg时得到的图谱分辨率高、蛋白斑点分布均匀、清晰;等电聚焦（Iso-electrofocusing,IEF）采用pH 4-7、17 cm的IPG胶条时所得图谱质量最佳。研究表明,样品的制备及IEF有效除盐对获得理想的2-DE图谱非常关键;取材、染色等细节对2-DE的重复性影响很大。

黄麻种质资源遗传多样性的SRAP分析

为明确黄麻(Corchorus L.)种质资源的遗传多样性,采用SRAP分子标记方法,对来自13个国家的两个黄麻栽培种及野生种共96份黄麻种质资源进行了分析。研究结果如下:(1)供试黄麻种质资源之间的遗传距离在0.0169至0.9667之间,变幅较大,其中近缘野生种与其他种质的遗传距离最大,基本在0.8以上;圆果栽培黄麻与其他种质的遗传距离最小,平均<0.5。(2)当在聚类图上遗传距离为0.53处划切割线L1时,96份黄麻种质资源被分为两个大类群(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)、一个小类群(Ⅲ)和5个独立个类。(3)当在遗传距离为0.33处作切割线L2时,各大类群被分为不同的亚类群,并表现出按地域聚类的趋势。(4)供试黄麻种质资源基于SRAP分子标记的聚类与形态学上的表现并不完全一致。

南宁引种长果种黄麻的适应性及其效益分析

以09C黄繁-9、09C黄繁-13、黄麻179(CK1)、黄麻831、福黄麻1号、福黄麻2号、福黄麻3号、梅峰4号(CK2)、闽黄麻1号共9个长果种黄麻品种为供试材料,在广西南宁种植,研究其生长发育、农艺性状、经济性状及产出效益。结果表明:每公顷福黄麻1号的鲜茎重及干皮重最高,分别为30 059.67和3885.40,闽黄麻1号干骨产量最高达到7865.33 kg,福黄麻2号纤维产量最高为2 618.03 kg,此外,通过投入与产出分析表明福黄麻1号具有最大的经济效益,每公顷纯收入为34 705.29元,适合在广西南宁推广种植。

圆果黄麻成熟叶片总DNA提取及SRAP扩增体系的建立与优化

采用改良的CTAB法从圆果黄麻成熟叶片中提取基因组DNA,对DNA进行电泳检测、含量测定和SRAP分析,并对黄麻SRAP-PCR反应体系中主要影响因子进行了优化,建立了最佳反应体系.结果表明,改良的CTAB法能够提取高质量的DNA,DNA纯度和完整性都较好,经紫外分光光度计测定,D260 nm/D280 nm均在1.7-1.9之间,无降解现象,蛋白质、多糖类等去除彻底.所建立的SRAP最佳反应体系(25μL)中5种成分的适宜浓度及用量分别为:Taq DNA聚合酶1.75 U,Mg2+3.0 mmol.L-1,dNTPs 0.16 mmol.L-1,引物0.51μmol.L-1,模板DNA 80-120 ng.

菜用黄麻叶蛋白最佳提取工艺研究

以菜用黄麻叶为试材,采用酸提法和加热法制备提取液,在料液比、浸提剂pH值、打浆时间、浸提时间等单因素试验基础上,进行L9(34)正交实验设计,研究了提取菜用黄麻叶蛋白的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:菜用黄麻叶蛋白最佳提取工艺条件为:浸提剂pH 5,打浆时间3min,料液比1∶8,浸提时间6min;叶蛋白的最佳分离条件为:温度85℃时,沉淀分离出叶绿体蛋白质,调节提取液pH 3和11时分别分离出细胞质蛋白质Ⅰ、Ⅱ。菜用黄麻叶蛋白的提取率为8.07%,得率为37.59%。

圆果种黄麻新品种‘闽黄1号’的选育

优质高产抗病圆果黄麻新品种‘闽黄1号’是以圆果种黄麻‘孟引1号’为材料,采用Co60 2.5万伦琴γ射线辐射诱变,以选择高产、稳产、优质、抗病为目标,经7年9代系谱选择育成。2011-2012年参加全国黄麻新品种区域试验,平均纤维产量3 131.25kg·hm-2,比对照‘黄麻179’(CK1)增产7.45%,比对照‘宽叶长果’(CK2)增产8.08%,均达极显著水平;2012年参加全国黄麻新品种生产试验,平均纤维产量2 964.75kg·hm-2,比对照‘宽叶长果’(CK2)增产7.36%,且纤维品质优良,是一个优质高产抗病的黄麻新品种。

长果种黄麻DNA的提取及SRAP分子标记体系的建立

以宽叶长果和甜麻杂交产生的F2代为材料,研究长果种黄麻DNA的提取方法和SRAP分子标记技术中的主要影响因素(包括模板DNA浓度、Mg2+浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶浓度、dNTPs浓度及上下游引物浓度)。最终建立了适于长果种黄麻DNA提取的CTAB法与SRAP-PCR反应体系(25μL):模板DNA 100ng,引物浓度0.48μmol.L-1,Mg2+浓度2.8mmol.L-1,dNTPs浓度0.35mmol.L-1,Taq DNA聚合酶0.7U。